EP0293702B1 - Déclencheur électromagnétique pour un disjoncteur de courant de fuite - Google Patents
Déclencheur électromagnétique pour un disjoncteur de courant de fuite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0293702B1 EP0293702B1 EP19880108178 EP88108178A EP0293702B1 EP 0293702 B1 EP0293702 B1 EP 0293702B1 EP 19880108178 EP19880108178 EP 19880108178 EP 88108178 A EP88108178 A EP 88108178A EP 0293702 B1 EP0293702 B1 EP 0293702B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- yoke
- armature
- layer
- hard material
- release
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 carbon nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
- H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
- H01H71/327—Manufacturing or calibrating methods, e.g. air gap treatments
Definitions
- the invention is based on a trigger with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- a trigger has become known from DE-27 55 645 B2.
- it also contains a permanent magnet which lies against the yoke; the magnetic force flow emanating from this permanent magnet causes the armature to be attracted by the yoke against the action of a return spring acting on the armature.
- a trip coil surrounding the yoke is provided.
- the tripping coil has the task of generating a power flow that is dependent on the fault current and that is opposite to the power flow emanating from the permanent magnet, so that the force with which the armature is attracted by the yoke is reduced and the return spring can pull the armature off the yoke.
- the air gap between the armature and the yoke should be as small as possible.
- the response sensitivity of the trigger should remain constant for as long as possible.
- the surfaces of the pole faces of the armature or yoke with a corrosion-resistant and tough material with good sliding properties, namely with a metal of the first, second or eighth subgroup of the periodic system of the elements or their alloys with a layer thickness of up to 1 ⁇ m.
- the group of precious metals, especially gold is intended, which should be deposited by electrolytic deposition or by vapor deposition.
- the coating is intended to achieve a lubricating effect so that no abrasion is formed during the long service life and the air gap remains constant. It is stated in DE-27 55 645 B2, however, that the thin coating is not sufficient for corrosion protection, since it is not pore-free. In order to avoid corrosion, which could also change the air gap, it is therefore intended to use corrosion-resistant materials both as a soft magnetic material for the armature and for the yoke and for the coating. Applying thicker coatings that could provide effective protection against corrosion is forbidden since they would reduce the sensitivity of the trigger.
- the invention has for its object to provide an electromagnetic trigger for residual current circuit breaker that can be produced with reasonable effort and the air gap has an improved temporal consistency.
- the problem of the temporal constancy of the air gap can be overcome with a thin hard material coating on the pole faces of the armature and the yoke.
- the hard material layers are so wear-resistant, in particular abrasion-resistant, in comparison to the mechanical loads occurring during the triggering process and when the residual current circuit breaker is switched on, that the time constancy of the air gap is drastically extended in comparison to known triggers.
- the optimal layer thickness is between 0.4 ⁇ m and 0.8 ⁇ m.
- already with such thin Hard material layers can achieve a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the yoke and the anchor.
- the vapor-deposited hard material layers can in fact form a pore-free film even with layer thicknesses less than the electrolytically applied layers described in DE-27 55 645 B2.
- Titanium hard materials in particular titanium nitride, are preferably selected for the hard material layer.
- carbides and carbon nitrides of titanium are also very suitable.
- CVD method chemical vapor deposition
- PVD method physical vapor deposition
- CVD processes may require working at higher temperatures, but they make it possible to specifically influence the surface structure, namely the micro-roughness, by varying the deposition parameters (temperature, pressure, coating time) in the CVD reactor. This is also a targeted influence on the air gap and - related to it -
- the trigger sensitivity of the trigger is possible, whereby the set sensitivity remains long-term stable due to the hard surface. Initial tests have shown that the long-term stability of the triggering threshold of the trigger can be increased by a factor of 5 to 25 by means of the hard material coating according to the invention compared to known triggers.
- the accompanying drawing shows schematically an electromagnetic release consisting of an armature 1, a yoke 2, a permanent magnet 3 for generating the magnetic flux, by the action of which the armature 1 is attracted to the yoke 2 and adheres to it, as long as not by one on one leg of the yoke 2 arranged trigger coil 4 an oppositely directed magnetic force flow is generated, the size of which is dependent on a fault current. If such a fault current occurs, the magnetic force flow emanating from the permanent magnet 3 is weakened and a return spring 5, which acts on the armature 1, can pull the armature 1 off the yoke 2 and thereby interrupt a circuit to be monitored.
- the permanent magnet 3 resets the armature 1 by pulling it against the yoke 2.
- their surfaces there have a thin layer of a hard material. Examples are given below.
- a hard material layer is preferably applied to the relevant surfaces of both the armature 1 and the yoke 2 after they have been ground and polished flat.
- the carefully cleaned anchors and yokes are deposited on supports in an evacuable coating chamber of a vacuum coating system as substrates to be coated.
- the chamber is evacuated and, after reaching a vacuum of the order of 10 ⁇ 6 mbar, argon is introduced at a pressure of approx. 1 x 10 ⁇ 2 mbar for sputter etching of the substrates.
- High frequency etching takes place at about 1500 V for 10 minutes, as a result of which the oxide layers on the substrates are detached.
- a 0.5 ⁇ m thick titanium nitride layer is generated for about 10 minutes at a power of about 10 W / cm2.
- the PVD coating applies a surface layer in which the substrate geometry or topography is essentially imaged, ie only relatively small changes in the micro roughness take place.
- the coating times given above refer to the operation with a fixed substrate carrier, in continuous or batch systems with drum holders the coating times are extended according to the areas currently in engagement (in relation to the total area of the substrate carriers).
- the carefully cleaned anchors and yokes are deposited on supports in an evacuable coating chamber as substrates to be coated.
- the chamber is evacuated and after reaching a rough vacuum of approx. 1 mbar pressure, hydrogen is introduced into the chamber and the chamber is heated to 860 ° C. under a hydrogen atmosphere at a pressure of approx. 200 mbar.
- nitrogen and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) are introduced into the chamber, the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen being about 3.5: 1, and a pressure of 900 mbar is set in the chamber. Under this pressure and the At a temperature of 860 ° C, titanium nitride is deposited on the substrates.
- the thickness of the titanium nitride layer has increased to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the chamber is then rinsed with cold argon and cooled, and the coated parts are removed. Their micro roughness is slightly increased compared to the uncoated parts.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Déclencheur électromagnétique pour un disjoncteur à courant de défaut, comprenant un induit et une culasse réalisés tous deux dans un matériau magnétique doux et dont les faces polaires sont appliquées les unes contre les autres, lorsque l'interrupteur est fermé, avec formation d'un entrefer minimum, au moins l'une des faces polaires de l'induit et/ou au moins l'une des surfaces opposées de la culasse étant munie d'une mince couche d'un autre matériau, caractérisé en ce que la couche est constituée d'une matière dure et qu'elle présente une épaisseur inférieure à 1 µm ainsi qu'une dureté d'au moins 1000 HV.
- Déclencheur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche est constituée de substances dures de titane.
- Déclencheur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche est constituée de nitrure de titane.
- Déclencheur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la couche présente une épaisseur comprise entre 0,4 µm et 0,8 µm.
- Procédé de réalisation d'une couche de substances dures sur l'induit et/ou la culasse d'un déclencheur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, avec mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de métallisation.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le procédé de métallisation est un procédé PVD.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le procédé de métallisation est un procédé CVD.
- Déclencheur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 réalisable par un procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la rugosité de surface de la couche constituée de substance dure est plus grande que la rugosité des surfaces de l'induit et respectivement de la culasse avant l'application de la couche de substance dure.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3718204 | 1987-05-29 | ||
DE3718204 | 1987-05-29 | ||
DE19873719946 DE3719946A1 (de) | 1987-05-29 | 1987-06-15 | Elektromagnetischer ausloeser fuer einen fehlerstromschutzschalter |
DE3719946 | 1987-06-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0293702A1 EP0293702A1 (fr) | 1988-12-07 |
EP0293702B1 true EP0293702B1 (fr) | 1992-05-06 |
Family
ID=25856163
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880108178 Expired - Lifetime EP0293702B1 (fr) | 1987-05-29 | 1988-05-21 | Déclencheur électromagnétique pour un disjoncteur de courant de fuite |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0293702B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3719946A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2031952T3 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004017779A1 (de) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-11-10 | Siemens Ag | Auslöserelais |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT403534B (de) * | 1991-01-16 | 1998-03-25 | Biegelmeier Gottfried | Fehlerstromschutzschalter |
FR2793947B1 (fr) * | 1999-05-20 | 2002-03-15 | Thermocompact Sa | Relais a haute sensibilite, et procede pour sa fabrication |
DE10210826A1 (de) * | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-25 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Auslöseeinrichtung für einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102012009665B4 (de) * | 2012-05-12 | 2022-04-07 | Doepke Schaltgeräte GmbH | Elektrisches Auslöserelais für einen Schalter, insbesondere für einen Schutzschalter zum Überwachen elektrischer Netze |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2440362A1 (de) * | 1974-08-23 | 1976-03-04 | Licentia Gmbh | Elektromagnet |
DE2755645B2 (de) * | 1977-12-14 | 1980-02-07 | Schutzapparate-Gesellschaft Paris + Co Mbh Kg, 5885 Schalksmuehle | Elektromagnetischer Auslöser, insbesondere Haltemagnetauslöser für Fehlerstromschutzschalter |
DE3410596A1 (de) * | 1984-03-22 | 1985-09-26 | Siemens Ag | Elektromagnetischer ausloeser fuer fehlerstromschutzschalter |
-
1987
- 1987-06-15 DE DE19873719946 patent/DE3719946A1/de active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-05-21 EP EP19880108178 patent/EP0293702B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-21 ES ES88108178T patent/ES2031952T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-21 DE DE8888108178T patent/DE3870707D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004017779A1 (de) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-11-10 | Siemens Ag | Auslöserelais |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3870707D1 (de) | 1992-06-11 |
DE3719946A1 (de) | 1988-12-22 |
EP0293702A1 (fr) | 1988-12-07 |
DE3719946C2 (fr) | 1991-10-31 |
ES2031952T3 (es) | 1993-01-01 |
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