EP0292526B1 - A method for upgrading of waxy oils to products that can be used as light fuel oils, diesel fuel and other upgraded oils, the products so obtained and an application of the products as substitutes - Google Patents
A method for upgrading of waxy oils to products that can be used as light fuel oils, diesel fuel and other upgraded oils, the products so obtained and an application of the products as substitutes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0292526B1 EP0292526B1 EP87907992A EP87907992A EP0292526B1 EP 0292526 B1 EP0292526 B1 EP 0292526B1 EP 87907992 A EP87907992 A EP 87907992A EP 87907992 A EP87907992 A EP 87907992A EP 0292526 B1 EP0292526 B1 EP 0292526B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- emulsion
- oils
- volume
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 nitrate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012875 nonionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940097789 heavy mineral oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a method for the upgrading of heavy, waxy oil fractions having an alkane content in excess of 50% in such a fashion that the upgraded products can be used for purposes for which light fuel oils (also known as light heating oils) and diesel oils are currently employed.
- light fuel oils also known as light heating oils
- diesel oils are currently employed.
- the invention describes a method for the preparation of stable emulsions fulfilling these purposes, as well as upgraded oils in the form of stable emulsions prepared by the said process.
- crude oil In order that crude oil can be used e.g. as an energy source or as chemical feedstock, it must be broken down into specified boiling point fractions by distillation and then refined by a variety of special techniques.
- a group of products termed gasoils or middle distillates form one or more of these refining fractions. Whilst some of these fractions can sometimes be used as such or with relatively little additional treatment, e.g., diesel oil, others, particularly those termed heavy or wide-range and/or vacuum gasoil often have a high wax content that effectively precludes their use as generally saleable products in their own right. It is therefore common practice that these oils are subjected to further refining processes.
- a well known and much used method involves a cracking process, i.e. converting these oil fractions to branched isomers and cyclic hydrocarbons by the application of heat and sometimes also in the presence of catalysts.
- Norwegian patent application 852637 describes a method for improving the combustion characteristics of heavy mineral oil fractions to the level of fuel oil by emulsification in water in the presence of an emulsifier system containing at least one biologically derived emulsifier. This method is restricted to oils containing less than 50% alkanes.
- Norwegian patent application 830785 describes an emulsifier for use in a system where the aqueous phase consists of an alcohol and water mixture. Whilst emulsions of the water-in-fuel oil kind are claimed usable as fuel oils, the oil-in-water emulsions that are described there cannot be employed for such purposes, nor do they ipso facto result in an upgrading of the oil employed as starting material.
- ammonium nitrate as a freezing point depressant is described in US 3756794. Because of their viscosity the fuels described in these patents cannot be considered suitable for use as diesel fuel without considerable modification of the motor itself, nor be considered as heating oil.
- water-in-oil type emulsions which may be used in order to improve the combustion process, however they provide for the use of conventional diesel or light heating oil, which means that they cannot be used for upgrading heavier fractions.
- the main purpose of the present invention is to improve the characteristics of heavy, waxy oil fractions having an alkane content of more than 50% and that have hitherto been considered unsuitable for use as light fuel oil and/or diesel oil, to such an extent that they can be used for these purposes.
- the invention describes a method of preparing stable oil-in-water type emulsions containing 40-65 percent by volume of oil, preferably 50-60 percent by volume, that are usable as diesel oils or light fuel oil substitutes.
- a stable emulsion is defined within the context of the present invention as an emulsion that does not show visible signs of destabilisation, i.e. the formation of a separate phase consisting only of oil, after the following test procedure is performed:
- Oil fractions that generally speaking are suitable for upgrading by the techniques described herein include, but are not limited to:
- oils and fats of both vegetable and animal origin either alone or admixed with mineral oil can be upgraded to diesel-like and light heating oil-like products by use of the techniques described herein.
- the invention as described below is characterized by the fact that the aqueous phase, which is the continuous phase in the emulsions, contains an alcohol to the extent of 5-70%, preferably 20-60% by volume of the total volume of the water/alcohol phase, where the alcohol can be an alkanol, preferably methanol.
- cetane value enhancers could within economic limits raise the theoretical cetane value of this system by 2-3 points, i.e. to about 33.
- Existing norms and standards that govern the cetane value of fuels used to drive autodiesel motors recommend a minimum cetane value of 47 implying that the emulsion ought to be unusable for such purpose. In spite of this, the emulsion described above can be used to drive an autodiesel motor.
- heavy, waxy oils are converted by emulsification to oil-in-water/alcohol emulsions for use as autodiesel fuels or as light heating oils.
- the emulsions contain emulsifier systems that according to the invention consist of one or more non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers and one or more polymeric stabilisers in a quantity of from 1 to 30 grammes/litre oil preferably non-ionic emulsifiers having an HLB value of from 12 to 17 in a quantity of from 5 to 15 grammes/litre oil.
- the emulsions may contain nitrate esters and/or nitrate salts, preferably in quantities of from 0.1 to 4.0 grammes/litre emulsion. These function as cetane value enhancers in emulsions used in place of diesel fuels or as combustion catalysts in emulsions used in place of light heating oils.
- the process of emulsification can be performed according to standard methods.
- the oil By emulsifying the oil in accordance with the invention, the oil will be present as finely distributed droplets with a particle size within the range of 1-20 micrometres. This enables the emulsions to exhibit important and particularly advantageous characteristics, e.g.:
- a heavy gasoil (Rafinor TG from Statoil's Mongstad, Norway refinery), having a density of 0.867 g/ml and containing 76.4% alkanes was emulsified in a water/methanol mixture as follows:
- the mixture was emulsified by first making a preemulsion and then homogenising the said preemulsion in an ultrasonic homogeniser.
- the emulsion thus prepared had a viscosity of 61 cp, a flash point higher than 27°C but lower than 55°C (enabling it to be classed as a B fluid for transportation and storage purposes in Norway) and a density of-0.894 g/ml.
- This emulsion was then used as fuel in a turbocharged, high speed, fully instrumented Scania Vabis DS 11 diesel engine. The same engine was then run on a standard summer diesel fuel having a density of 0.834 g/ml and a viscosity of 5 cp as control.
- Methanol has an energy content of approximately 50% that of diesel fuel and heavy gasoil. According to calculation, the above prepared emulsion would have an energy content of approximately 74% that of diesel fuel. By way of confirmation hereof, the yield of the engine per litre fuel was measured for the emulsion as being from 70% to 75% of that of the diesel fuel used as control.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87907992T ATE64611T1 (de) | 1986-12-10 | 1987-12-07 | Verfahren zur verbesserung von wachshaltigen oelen hinsichtlich produkten, die als leichte heizoele dieselkraftstoffe und andere verbesserte oelprodukte verwendbar sind so erhaltene produkte und deren verwendung als ersatz- bzw. austauschstoffe. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO864988 | 1986-12-10 | ||
NO864988A NO864988D0 (no) | 1986-12-10 | 1986-12-10 | Oppgradering av tunge voksholdige oljefraksjoner til bruk som lette fyringsoljer eller dieseloljer samt oppgraderte oljer. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0292526A1 EP0292526A1 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
EP0292526B1 true EP0292526B1 (en) | 1991-06-19 |
Family
ID=19889469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87907992A Expired - Lifetime EP0292526B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 | 1987-12-07 | A method for upgrading of waxy oils to products that can be used as light fuel oils, diesel fuel and other upgraded oils, the products so obtained and an application of the products as substitutes |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0292526B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JPH01502122A (no) |
AU (1) | AU8338887A (no) |
BR (1) | BR8707573A (no) |
DK (1) | DK447088D0 (no) |
FI (1) | FI883699A0 (no) |
IL (1) | IL84674A0 (no) |
NO (1) | NO864988D0 (no) |
WO (1) | WO1988004311A1 (no) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105658758A (zh) * | 2013-09-17 | 2016-06-08 | 福斯油品集团 | 一种蒸汽循环过程的工作流体 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2224038B (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1993-01-13 | Thomas Henry Munson | Fuel for an internal combustion engine |
USRE35237E (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1996-05-14 | Gunnerman Rudolf W | Aqueous fuel for internal combustion engine and method of combustion |
KR0140975B1 (ko) * | 1989-11-22 | 1998-07-01 | 더블유. 군너만 루돌프 | 내연기관용 수성연료와 그 연소방법 |
US5156114A (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1992-10-20 | Gunnerman Rudolf W | Aqueous fuel for internal combustion engine and method of combustion |
US6302929B1 (en) | 1994-04-04 | 2001-10-16 | Rudolf W. Gunnerman | Aqueous fuel for internal combustion engine and method of preparing |
WO1998031773A1 (de) | 1997-01-16 | 1998-07-23 | Clariant Gmbh | Kraftstoff-wasser-emulsionen |
SE523228C2 (sv) | 2000-12-15 | 2004-04-06 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Bränslekomposition innehållande en kolvätefraktion, etanol och ett additiv med vattensolubiliserande förmåga |
FR2842820B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-26 | 2005-06-17 | Totalfinaelf France | Combustible emulsionne eau/hydrocarbures, sa preparation et ses utilisations |
FR2875810B1 (fr) * | 2004-09-29 | 2008-03-14 | Ecole Des Mines De Nantes | Combustible liquide et procede de production d'un tel combustible |
WO2017079552A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-11 | Purify Founders, LLC | Fuel additive composition and related methods and compositions |
DE102022131430A1 (de) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-29 | Gea Westfalia Separator Group Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Öl- oder Diesel-in-Alkohol-Emulsion zur Verwendung als Selbstzünder-Kraftstoff |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2633462C2 (de) * | 1976-07-26 | 1982-03-18 | Rolf 4019 Monheim Bietz | Emulsionen aus Kraftstoffen und Wasser für Verbrennungs- oder aus leichten Heizölen und Wasser für Ölfeurungen |
DE2854540A1 (de) * | 1978-12-16 | 1980-06-26 | Bayer Ag | Kraftstoffe |
NL8005581A (nl) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-05-03 | Stamicarbon | Helder vloeibaar brandstofmengsel voor verbrandingsmotoren. |
DE3435430A1 (de) * | 1984-09-27 | 1986-04-03 | Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zum transport von zaehfluessigen rohoelen |
-
1986
- 1986-12-10 NO NO864988A patent/NO864988D0/no unknown
-
1987
- 1987-12-01 IL IL84674A patent/IL84674A0/xx unknown
- 1987-12-07 EP EP87907992A patent/EP0292526B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-07 AU AU83388/87A patent/AU8338887A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1987-12-07 JP JP63500105A patent/JPH01502122A/ja active Pending
- 1987-12-07 WO PCT/NO1987/000077 patent/WO1988004311A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-12-07 BR BR8707573A patent/BR8707573A/pt unknown
-
1988
- 1988-08-09 FI FI883699A patent/FI883699A0/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-08-10 DK DK447088A patent/DK447088D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105658758A (zh) * | 2013-09-17 | 2016-06-08 | 福斯油品集团 | 一种蒸汽循环过程的工作流体 |
CN105658758B (zh) * | 2013-09-17 | 2019-10-18 | 福斯油品集团 | 一种蒸汽循环过程的工作流体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU8338887A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
DK447088A (da) | 1988-08-10 |
FI883699A (fi) | 1988-08-09 |
WO1988004311A1 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
BR8707573A (pt) | 1989-02-21 |
NO864988D0 (no) | 1986-12-10 |
DK447088D0 (da) | 1988-08-10 |
EP0292526A1 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
IL84674A0 (en) | 1988-05-31 |
JPH01502122A (ja) | 1989-07-27 |
FI883699A0 (fi) | 1988-08-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2280217A (en) | Super-diesel fuel | |
EP0292526B1 (en) | A method for upgrading of waxy oils to products that can be used as light fuel oils, diesel fuel and other upgraded oils, the products so obtained and an application of the products as substitutes | |
CA2242834C (en) | Pyrolysis liquid-in-diesel oil microemulsions | |
CA2243054C (en) | Multiple emulsion and method for preparing same | |
US20120167451A1 (en) | Pyrolysis oil based fuel and method of production | |
CN1720318A (zh) | 柴油燃料组合物 | |
NO333801B1 (no) | Dieseldrivstoff med lavt svovelinnhold | |
CN1878856A (zh) | 生产乳化燃料的方法 | |
US11795408B2 (en) | Fuel compositions with enhanced cold properties and methods of making the same | |
EP0812346B1 (en) | Fuel oil compositions | |
WO2007062159A2 (en) | Viesel | |
CA2342610A1 (en) | Reformulated reduced pollution diesel fuel | |
ZA200406036B (en) | Catalytic cracking process | |
EP0457589B1 (en) | Fuel compositions with enhanced combustion characteristics | |
US20050262759A1 (en) | Emulsified water/hydrocarbon fuel, preparation and uses thereof | |
CA2120241A1 (en) | Emulsification system for light fuel oil emulsions | |
CN1233645A (zh) | 柴油机用粘稠烃包水乳液燃油及其制法 | |
CA2702107A1 (en) | Low emissions fuel emulsion comprising fischer-tropsch derived hydrocarbon | |
WO1986000333A1 (en) | Fuel compositions | |
EP0194365B1 (en) | Emulsions | |
CA3125557A1 (en) | Process for the production of an improved diesel fuel | |
RU2041245C1 (ru) | Судовое маловязкое топливо | |
US4673411A (en) | Anti-gel fuel composition | |
WO2004033602A1 (en) | A fuel oil additive comprising alkaline-earth metal salts of alkylbenzene sulphonic acid | |
EP0107723A1 (en) | Lubricating and additive mixtures for alcohol fuels and their method of preparation |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19880819 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19890613 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: DYNO INDUSTRIER A/S |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 64611 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19910715 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3770942 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19910725 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19911208 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19911231 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19911231 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19911231 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19911231 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19911231 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19920311 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: DYNO INDUSTRIER A/S Effective date: 19911231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19920701 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19920831 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19920901 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19921207 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921207 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 87907992.9 Effective date: 19920704 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051207 |