EP0282085B1 - Elément de chauffage pour réchauffer des fluides - Google Patents

Elément de chauffage pour réchauffer des fluides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0282085B1
EP0282085B1 EP88103909A EP88103909A EP0282085B1 EP 0282085 B1 EP0282085 B1 EP 0282085B1 EP 88103909 A EP88103909 A EP 88103909A EP 88103909 A EP88103909 A EP 88103909A EP 0282085 B1 EP0282085 B1 EP 0282085B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
plastic
metal body
individual bodies
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88103909A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0282085A1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Schwarzl
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Unterlass
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19873708056 external-priority patent/DE3708056A1/de
Priority claimed from DE8703749U external-priority patent/DE8703749U1/de
Application filed by Siemens Bauelemente OHG, Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Priority to AT88103909T priority Critical patent/ATE59897T1/de
Publication of EP0282085A1 publication Critical patent/EP0282085A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0282085B1 publication Critical patent/EP0282085B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating element for heating flowing media, in which the heat exchanger used is a metal body made of highly thermally conductive metal, in particular aluminum or copper or of alloys with a high proportion of these metals, which is provided with regularly arranged metal openings which taper slightly conically in the direction of flow, in which the volume of all parts of the metal body located between the passage openings is equal to or greater than the volume of all passage openings, the metal body is heated with disk-shaped, ceramic PTC resistors (PTC resistors) which are thermally and electrically conductive on part of the surface of the metal body Plastic glue are attached.
  • PTC resistors disk-shaped, ceramic PTC resistors
  • a PTC thermistor also called a PTC resistor, as the heating element.
  • a PTC thermistor consists of doped polycrystalline ceramic material with a perovskite structure based on barium titanate, the essential property of which is the interaction of semiconductors and ferroelectricity. As a result of this property, a pronounced positive temperature coefficient of resistance results in a certain temperature range. From a certain temperature, the Curie temperature, which depends on the chemical composition of the titanate ceramic, the resistance increases almost by leaps and bounds.
  • a PTC thermistor is therefore particularly suitable as a heating element with a self-regulating effect. Overheating and consequently destruction of such a heating element is therefore ruled out.
  • the maximum temperature of the heating element can be set in a targeted manner via the material composition. Temperatures of up to 320 ° C can currently be achieved.
  • PTC thermistors are produced as disks or in the form of thin plates, on which metal electrodes free of barrier layers are applied to two opposite large surfaces, which, as is well known, e.g. predominantly contain silver or nickel.
  • the PTC ceramic particularly in the surface area in connection with the metal electrodes, has a pronounced sensitivity to certain external influences, because only through a targeted metal coating in which the barrier layer between the semiconducting PTC material and the metallic electrode material is broken down or does not arise, the PTC effect is effective.
  • This metal coating like the ceramic body itself, must therefore be protected from damaging influences.
  • PTC thermistors for heating flowing media.
  • DE-PS 28 04 818 describes an electrical heating device, in particular for beverage preparation machines, the heating effect of which is based on the use of PTC heating elements, these heating elements being insulated from heating plate segments by inserts made of electrically insulating and good heat-conducting material and free spaces between them neighboring heating plate segments can be filled with an electrically insulating and good heat-conducting filling compound.
  • a continuous-flow heater is known, the heating elements of which are made of PTC ceramic and whose heat exchanger is constructed from cylinder sectors which complement one another in a substantially cylindrical arrangement, the cylinder sectors being formed by a Cylinder jacket are clamped together circumferentially and the heating elements are arranged between mutually facing surfaces of adjacent cylinder sectors and are pressed by the pressure on the cylinder sectors.
  • any gaps that are not filled by the aluminum oxide ceramic are encapsulated with a heat-conducting and electrically insulating filling compound, such as silicone rubber.
  • An air heating device is known from DE-OS-31 19 302.
  • the heat radiating arrangements made of metal are in contact with the surfaces of the electrodes of the respective heating elements with a positive temperature coefficient.
  • the heating elements can be clamped between two radiation arrangements by heat-resistant and heat-conductive silicone adhesive layers, and the projecting parts of the electrodes of the heating elements can be connected to electrically conductive adhesive layers by lead wires.
  • lead wires it is also possible to connect the electrical connecting wires directly to the radiation arrangements using a heat-resistant and electrically conductive adhesive.
  • a heating element for heating flowing media in which a metal body is used as the heat exchanger, which is heated with disk-shaped ceramic thermistors, which are attached to a part of the surface of the metal body with plastic adhesive.
  • the metal body consists of good heat-conducting metal and has regularly arranged passage openings, the proportion of the passage openings in the total volume being less than 50%.
  • the ceramic PTC thermistors are glued to opposite parts of the outer surface of the metal body, possibly also in recesses within the metal body.
  • the second electrode of the PTC thermistor is always contacted via a clamping spring. There, only a one-sided decoupling of the heat supplied by the PTC thermistor is used. This one-sided decoupling reduces the efficiency of the heating element.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heating element for heating flowing media, in particular for use in motor vehicles (heating the intake air, the air-fuel mixture, heating the chassis) and for preheating oil, which ensures the highest possible decoupling of the heat emitted by the heating elements offers extensive protection of the PTC thermistor against the medium to be heated, offers the medium to be heated only a low flow resistance, is mechanically, electrically and thermally flexible and can be manufactured inexpensively.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the heating element is characterized in that the entirety of the individual bodies forming the metal body is provided with an envelope which surrounds the circumferential surface of the same.
  • the heating element is characterized in that the plastic for the mechanical fixing of the individual bodies, for the covering of the PTC thermistor, for filling the cavities and for the covering of the metal body consists of 30 to 50% by weight with glass fibers and / or with Microspheres reinforced, injection-moldable, in the hardened state at the working temperature sufficiently elastic plastic material, in particular polyphenylene sulfide.
  • heating element is characterized in that the outer dimensions of the casing of the metal body are dimensioned for later installation in a pipeline system.
  • Another heating element is characterized in that the two passage openings used for the formation of the mechanical fixations are open to the respective interface of the individual bodies over the entire thickness of the metal body, and these two openings together result in a channel which is also filled with plastic and represents a footbridge.
  • Another embodiment of the heating element is characterized in that to form the web, the plastic fillings of the two passage openings protrude on both sides beyond the metal body and these projecting ends are connected to one another by the same plastic material.
  • Another embodiment of a heating element mentes is characterized in that the power supply leads to a single body via at least one plug inserted into at least one passage opening.
  • a heating element is characterized in that the current is supplied to an individual body via a tab integrally formed thereon.
  • the power supply lines are diametrically opposed to one another and are designed as pins so that the heating element can be rotated after installation in a pipeline system.
  • Another embodiment of a heating element is characterized in that, to reduce the flow resistance, conical inlet openings overlap on the inlet side of the individual bodies, so that adjoining outlet openings are separated from one another by sharp edges.
  • the advantages of the invention lie in that there is very good thermal contact between the PTC element and the heat exchanger by gluing the heat transfer body on both sides, as a result of which both the heat generated is optimally coupled out and better feedback is achieved on the self-regulation of the PTC element can be. Furthermore, the construction of the heating element is very simple and inexpensive, since it only consists of the heat exchangers, the heating elements, the electrically and thermally conductive adhesive and the only encapsulation of the PTC elements and the plastic used to fix the heat exchanger. Additional screw connections or clamps are not required.
  • the heat exchangers used here are two individual bodies 1, 2 made of aluminum, copper or an alloy with a high proportion of these metals, which have a multiplicity of through-openings 3. Towards the inlet opening, these outlet openings 3 are flared, so that due to the small distances between the individual outlet openings 3, the inlet openings overlap and sharp edges 5 are formed, which separate two adjacent outlet openings 3 from one another. Therefore, a passage opening 3 completely surrounded by other passage openings 3 has a hexagonal edge.
  • the PTC elements lie in the connection plane between the individual body 1 and the individual body 2. They are completely enclosed in a plastic covering. Passage openings located directly on the connection plane can be designed as openings for webs 4.
  • the connecting web between these openings can either be produced by milling into the individual bodies 1, 2 or by a connection lying outside the individual bodies 1, 2, e.g. be produced as a web 6.
  • the individual bodies 1, 2 can also be surrounded by an annular casing 7, which serves for thermal insulation and electrical insulation when installed in a metal pipe.
  • the mechanical fixation of the two individual bodies 1 and 2 takes place only via connecting webs, such as the web 4 or the web 6, so that the annular casing can also be saved when installed in a non-heat-conducting and, if appropriate, electrically insulating plastic tube.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the heating element.
  • the webs 6 serve to mechanically fix the individual bodies 1 and 2 and hold the individual bodies 1 and 2 together via openings for webs which are not visible here.
  • the Schmitt shown in Fig. 3 shows one of the Possibilities for mutual mechanical fixation of the individual bodies 1, 2.
  • the passage openings located directly on the connecting plane, which are to be connected by the web 4 have no conical inlet openings. Instead, a groove that is open to the connecting surface is milled over the entire thickness of the respective individual body 1 or 2, as a result of which a connecting channel 8 is formed between the adjacent individual bodies 1 adjacent to one another between the respective openings.
  • This connecting channel 8 is filled with the same plastic that also forms the annular sheath 7 or serves as a web 6 and thus represents the web 4. In the case of a web 6, there is no connecting channel 8 between the adjacent passage openings, but the mechanically fixing connection is created the bridge 6 itself.
  • FIG. 4 shows another side view with a partial section.
  • the arrow A in FIGS. 3 and 4 shows the direction of flow of the medium to be heated.
  • Fig. 5 shows in section V-V of Fig. 2 is a plan view of a heating element. The cut was made below the conical widening of the passage openings 3. The openings which are connected to one another by the web 4 in the connecting channel 8 are used for the mechanical fixing of the individual bodies 1 and 2. The further openings 9, 10 are not connected by a connecting channel, but rather by the web 6 shown in FIG. 1. Between the individual bodies 1, 2 are the PTC thermistors 11, which, as can be seen in FIG. 6, are made of plastic 14 are enclosed.
  • FIG. 6 the heating element of Fig. 1 is shown along the lines VI-VI. With these passage openings 3, no conical inlet widenings are shown here.
  • the plastic filling 13 completely filling the hole 10 from FIG. 5 merges seamlessly into the web 6 known from FIG. 1 and thus brings about a mechanical fixation of the two individual bodies 1 and 2.
  • the plastic sheath 14 of the PTC thermistor 11 is shown enlarged.
  • the occupancies 12 of the PTC thermistor 11 are connected to the individual bodies 1, 2 via the electrically and thermally conductive adhesive 15.
  • the PTC thermistor 11 is completely shielded from the environment by the plastic sheath 14.
  • An additional seal is provided by the sealing edge 26, which is located in the connecting surfaces of the individual bodies 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a heating element which is suitable, for example, for use as a defroster in a motor vehicle.
  • the basic structure of the heating element is already known from FIG. 1, but in addition this heating element also has contacts 21, 22 which serve as a power supply. Furthermore, these contacts 21, 22 serve as a mounting element for positioning the heating element in a specially designed mounting socket 25 made of plastic.
  • this mounting socket 25 there are two self-lubricating sleeves 24, through the bore of which the heating element is rotatably supported by means of the two contact pins 21, 22.
  • a rotary lever 23 is attached to the contact pin 22 outside of the mounting socket, via which the position of the heating element can be adjusted from the outside and can be rotated to a certain extent like a throttle valve.
  • the heating element In the rest position, i.e. if the heating of the flow air is not required, the heating element is parallel to the flow A brought through the flow channel 19 in order to keep the flow resistance as low as possible (dashed round disc). During operation, the heating element is rotated by 90 ° and is thus perpendicular to flow A. When the operating voltage is applied, the inflowing air is heated.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of the heating element is shown in FIG.
  • the basic structure is the same as already known from FIG. 1, but this embodiment of the heating element has a special configuration of the annular casing 16, which makes it particularly suitable for installation in a pipeline system.
  • FIG. 11 the heating element from Fig. 10 is shown in cross section. It can be seen that in this case the power supply tabs 17, 18 are molded directly onto the individual body 2 or 1.
  • the annular casing 16 has additional cutouts in order to be able to accommodate sealing rings 20. Through these sealing rings 20, an improved seal between the piping system 19 and the heating element is achieved.
  • the operating voltage range extends from 6 V to 240 V, whereby outputs of up to 800 W can be achieved.
  • the highest attainable temperature is 250 ° C. This value results primarily from the performance of the adhesive and the plastic coating.
  • the individual bodies used for heat transfer are preferably produced from aluminum or an aluminum alloy using the die-casting process.
  • the outer shape is circular, oval or polygonal. At least two such heat exchangers are required to set up the heating system. At the respective connection point, the heat exchangers have a flat surface for receiving the PTC elements.
  • Possible basic shapes of the metal body composed of the individual bodies are e.g. a cylinder consisting of 4 quarters or a cylinder consisting of two halves.
  • a three-part cylinder consisting of a central block with parallel connecting surfaces and two cylinder segments can also be implemented, the central block being connected to the positive pole and the two circular segments to the negative pole of the voltage source.
  • the individual bodies serve as power supply and therefore there must always be the possibility of being able to apply both a positive and a negative voltage to the PTC element located between two individual bodies.
  • the current supply to the individual body can take place via terminals or plugs or compression springs or similar electrically conductive objects inserted into a passage opening.
  • the flowing medium may at most have a low electrical conductivity in order to avoid a short circuit between the individual bodies.
  • the individual bodies have a multiplicity of regularly arranged passages which have a circular cross section.
  • the clear width decreases from the inlet side with a constant radius of curvature up to a maximum of 1/3 of the passage length and then remains constant up to the outlet side or has at most a conicity of two angular degrees over the entire thickness of the body.
  • the radii of curvature of the individual passages run together to one edge, so that no surfaces remain transverse to the flow direction.
  • Each of these edges has a radius of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
  • the top view of the culverts then shows a honeycomb-like shape with a large number of individual hexagonal structures.
  • the volume of all parts of the metal body located between the passages is equal to or at most 30% larger than the volume of all passages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Elément de chauffe pour réchauffer des fluides en écoulement dans lequel on se sert, comme échangeur de chaleur, d'un corps métallique en un métall bon conducteur de la chaleur, notamment en aluminium ou en cuivre ou en alliages ayant une grande proportion de ces métaux et muni d'ouvertures de passage (3) disposées régulièrement et se rétrécissant légèrement de manière conique dans le sens de l'écoulement, dans lequel le volume de toutes les parties du corps métallique se trouvant entre les ouvertures de passage (3) est égal ou est supérieur au volume de toutes les ouvertures de passage (3), le corps métallique est chauffé par des thermistances à coefficient de température positif (11) (thermistances CTP) en céramique en forme de disque qui sont fixés à une partie de la surface du corps métallique par un adhésif en matière plastique conducteur de la chaleur et de l'électricité, remarquable par les caractéristiques suivantes:
a) le corps métallique est constitué de plusieurs corps individuels (1, 2), notamment de secteurs ou de segments se complétant en un agencement de forme sensiblement cylindrique, qui servent en même temps de conducteurs d'amenée du courant électrique aux thermistances à coefficient de température positif (11),
b) entre les surfaces limites de deux corps individuels (1, 2) voisins est contenue au moins une thermistance à coefficient de température positif (11) en céramique et en forme de disque, qui est fixée par ses grandes surfaces frontales portant les revêtements,(12), à chacune des deux surfaces limites de deux corps individuels (1, 2) voisins au moyen d'un adhésif (15) conducteur de l'électricité et de la chaleur,
c) en outre, les corps individuels (1, 2) voisins sont fixés mécaniquement entre eux, en prévoyant, dans chacune d'au moins deux ouvertures (9, 10) se trouvant sur chaque surface-limite, une matière plastique (13) électriquement isolante qui relie ces ouvertures de passage par paires par au moins une barrette (4, 6) en la même matière plastique,
d) la cavité qui subsiste entre deux surfaces- limites de corps individuels (1, 2) voisins, autour de la thermistance à coefficient de température positif (11) et de l'adhésif (15), est emplie de matière plastique (14) électriquement isolante enrobant entièrement la thermistance à coefficient de température positif (11),
e) la matière plastique, pour la fixation mécanique des corps individuels (1, 2) et pour l'enrobage (14) de la thermistance à coefficient de température positif (11 ), ainsi que pour le remplissage des cavités, possède exactement ou presque le même coefficient de dilatation thermique que le métal servant comme échangeur de chaleur.
2. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble des corps individuels (1, 2) formant le corps métallique est muni d'un enrobage (7) entourant annulairement la surface périphérique de ce ceux-ci.
3. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique, pour la fixation mécanique des corps individuels (1, 2), pour l'enrobage (14) de la thermistance à coefficient de température positif, ont pour le remplissage des cavités, pour l'enrobage (7) annulaire du corps métallique, est en une matière plastique notamment en poly(sulfure de phénylène) renforcé de 30 à 50% en poids de fibres de verre et/ ou de billes microscopiques susceptible d'être moulée par injection et suffisamment élastiques à l'état durci à la température opératoire.
4. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions extérieures de l'enrobage (7) annulaire du corps métallique sont telles qu'elles permettent le montage ultérieur dans un système de canalisations (19).
5. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux ouvertures utilisées pour la formation des fixations mécaniques sont ouvertes en direction des surfaces- limites des corps individuels (1, 2) et sur toute l'épaisseur du corps métallique et ces deux ouvertures forment ainsi entre elles un canal de liaison (8) qui est empli également de matière plastique et qui représente une barrette (4).
6. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, pour constituer une barrette (6), les remplissages de matière plastique (13) des deux ouvertures (9, 10) débordent des deux côtés le corps métallique et ces extrémités en débordement sont reliées l'une à l'autre par le même matériau en matière plastique.
7. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'amenée du courant électrique aux corps individuels s'effectue par au moins une fiche enfichée dans au moins une ouverture de passage.
8. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'amenée du courant électrique à un corps individuel (2) s'effectue par une patte (17) issue de celui-ci.
9. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les amenées de courant électrique sont opposées diamétralement entre elles et sont constituées sous la forme de broches (21, 22), de manière que l'élément de chauffe puisse tourner, après avoir été introduit dans un système de canalisations (19).
10. Elément de chauffe suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, pour diminuer la résistance à l'écoulement, des ouvertures d'entrée coniques du côté d'entrée des corps individuels (2) se coupent de façon que des ouvertures de passage (3), adjacentes l'une à l'autre, soient séparées l'une de l'autre par des bords ou des arètes vives (5).
EP88103909A 1987-03-12 1988-03-11 Elément de chauffage pour réchauffer des fluides Expired - Lifetime EP0282085B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88103909T ATE59897T1 (de) 1987-03-12 1988-03-11 Heizelement zum erwaermen stroemender medien.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873708056 DE3708056A1 (de) 1987-03-12 1987-03-12 Heizelement zum erwaermen stroemender medien
DE8703749U DE8703749U1 (de) 1987-03-12 1987-03-12 Heizelement zum Erwärmen strömender Medien
DE3708056 1987-03-12
DE8703749U 1987-03-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0282085A1 EP0282085A1 (fr) 1988-09-14
EP0282085B1 true EP0282085B1 (fr) 1991-01-09

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88103909A Expired - Lifetime EP0282085B1 (fr) 1987-03-12 1988-03-11 Elément de chauffage pour réchauffer des fluides

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4899032A (fr)
EP (1) EP0282085B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR880012116A (fr)
AT (1) ATE59897T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8801118A (fr)
DE (1) DE3861475D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2019420B3 (fr)

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DE4124412A1 (de) * 1991-07-23 1993-01-28 Kaltenbach & Voigt Medienheizung
US5278940A (en) * 1991-07-26 1994-01-11 Mueller Hermann Frank Device utilizing a PTC resistor for electrically heating flowing liquid or gaseous media
DE59200295D1 (de) * 1991-08-12 1994-08-25 Siemens Matsushita Components Heizvorrichtung zum Erwärmen strömender Medien.
US5191381A (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-03-02 Jie Yuan PTC ceramic heat roller for fixing toner image
US5377300A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-12-27 Watkins-Johnson Company Heater for processing gases
JPH06231880A (ja) * 1993-02-02 1994-08-19 Nara Seiki Kk マイクロ波利用の加熱装置
FR2721472B1 (fr) * 1994-06-15 1996-08-02 Bernard Peyronny Radiateur électrique à corps de chauffe noyé dans un bloc d'alliage léger.
US6178292B1 (en) 1997-02-06 2001-01-23 Denso Corporation Core unit of heat exchanger having electric heater
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US6294768B1 (en) 1998-08-20 2001-09-25 Advanced Recycling Sciences, Inc. Flexible electrically heated tiles made from crumb rubber
US6028295A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-02-22 Rong; Chern-Bao Mounting of filament heater and electric conduction plate
US7158718B2 (en) * 2000-06-14 2007-01-02 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Electric heating device
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8801118A (pt) 1988-10-18
DE3861475D1 (de) 1991-02-14
EP0282085A1 (fr) 1988-09-14
ES2019420B3 (es) 1991-06-16
ATE59897T1 (de) 1991-01-15
US4899032A (en) 1990-02-06
KR880012116A (ko) 1988-11-03

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