EP0277990A1 - Arme automatique - Google Patents

Arme automatique

Info

Publication number
EP0277990A1
EP0277990A1 EP87905439A EP87905439A EP0277990A1 EP 0277990 A1 EP0277990 A1 EP 0277990A1 EP 87905439 A EP87905439 A EP 87905439A EP 87905439 A EP87905439 A EP 87905439A EP 0277990 A1 EP0277990 A1 EP 0277990A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
barrel
housing
machine gun
leg
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87905439A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Herwig Metzner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chrobak Peter
Schulze Gerhard
Original Assignee
Chrobak Peter
Schulze Gerhard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chrobak Peter, Schulze Gerhard filed Critical Chrobak Peter
Publication of EP0277990A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277990A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/68—Bolt stops, i.e. means for limiting bolt opening movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A15/00—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun
    • F41A15/12—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun for bolt-action guns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/54—Bolt locks of the unlocked type, i.e. being inertia operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78—Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F41A3/82—Coil spring buffers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine gun with a breech block movably guided in a housing, a limit-closing device to limit the return path of the breech block and to bring the breech block into the closed position, and with a trigger device.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a simply constructed machine weapon which is so well balanced that even with continuous fire, shooting can be carried out with close accuracy.
  • the machine gun according to the invention is characterized in that the breech block is L-shaped with a breech leg behind the barrel and a compensating leg lying above the barrel, that the limit-locking device is dimensioned in connection with the mass of the breech block in such a way that the return path of the closure block is limited to a distance that is shorter than the free length of the compensating leg.
  • the L-shape of the breech block in connection with the limitation of the return movement of the breech block ensures that when the breech block is moved back and forth, compensating forces are exerted by the breech block on the weapon which compensate for those forces which would otherwise result in an ascent or an upward stroke and emigration of the weapon would lead to continuous fire Since the return movement of the breech block is braked essentially solely by the spring, the weapon is also recoil-free. Even in the case of a handgun, the machine gun lies so quietly in the hand that precise aiming is possible even in the event of a sustained fire. The weapon is so recoil-free and so well balanced that no stock is required.
  • the weight of the breech block and the limit locking device are matched to the ammunition used in relation to the force by which the breech block is braked over a predetermined distance and also the force by which the breech block is returned to the closed position.
  • a weapon for heavy ammunition must have a heavier breech block and a correspondingly larger limit-locking device than a weapon for light ammunition.
  • the mass distribution between the mass of the breech leg and the mass of the compensating leg is also adjusted depending on the ammunition used, such that the center of gravity of the entire breech block lies further forward in the closing direction, the heavier the ammunition.
  • the center of gravity of the entire breech block is close to the median plane of the closure leg, and with heavy ammunition, the center of mass can also be in front of the front side of the breech leg lie.
  • the proportion of the mass of the compensating arm in the total mass of the breech block becomes greater the heavier the ammunition or the weapon is.
  • the solution according to the invention is therefore not restricted to a specific type of machine gun, but can be used with submachine guns, machine guns with a flap, with assault rifles and other machine guns which tend to emigrate in the event of continuous fire.
  • the machine arm of the compensating leg of the breech block is as long as the entire length of the part of the barrel mounted in the housing, an optimal mass distribution between the compensating leg and the breech leg is achieved, and the space in the housing is optimally used.
  • the barrel is mounted in a barrel bearing block and the balancing clonkel of the breech block lies with its underside on the barrel bearing block, a direct transmission of the balancing forces exerted by the breech block to the barrel is ensured.
  • the barrel bearing block has a circumferential recess which extends between a front and a rear end section of the barrel bearing block, and the housing has an opening connecting the recess with the surroundings.
  • the spring of the machine gun is designed as a compression spring and has such a length that the turns of the spring lie one on top of the other in the rear end position of the breech block. This ensures that the return travel of the locking block is limited to the required extent even if the spring shows signs of fatigue.
  • the spring is guided on the one hand on a guide pin, which is arranged on an end piece for the housing, and on the other hand in a bore in the breech block aligned with the guide pin. This ensures exact guidance of the spring over its entire range of motion.
  • the guide pin and the bore are arranged centrally to the compensating leg of the locking block. Since the point of application of the spring on the locking block lies above the center of mass, this position of the spring favors the introduction of the compensating forces.
  • At least one elastic buffer piece is arranged in the end piece of the housing, by means of which the movement of the breech block is damped by the spring in addition to the damping when its rear end position is reached.
  • the impact of the locking block can be damped particularly advantageously when it reaches its end position.
  • a cartridge bottom, a firing pin and an extractor claw are arranged, and an ejector protruding into the path of the breech block and an ejection opening for the exit of the cartridge cases are provided on the housing.
  • the cartridge cases are ejected upwards or diagonally upwards, which causes the gun to migrate in the same direction.
  • the extractor claw is horizontal with its central plane and at the level of the firing pin, and the ejector is arranged on the side of the cartridge bottom opposite the extractor claw and also horizontally, the underside of the ejector being higher than the underside of the extractor claw.
  • the underside of the ejector lies on the central plane of the extractor claw, so that the cartridge case is ejected at 35 ° downwards and laterally away from the ejector.
  • the cartridge cases are ejected at 35 ° to the bottom right, ie into an area where they cannot endanger the shooter. Ejecting the cartridge cases below 35 ° also causes the weapon to be pulled down in addition to the balancing effect of the breech block. This type of ejection of the cartridge cases does not cause the weapon to migrate sideways.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a machine gun according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned side view of the machine gun of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the machine gun according to FIG. 2 along the line III-III;
  • FIG. 4 shows a section with a partial top view along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a housing end piece
  • Fig. 6 is an end view of the housing end piece.
  • a submachine gun 2 is shown as an exemplary embodiment of the machine gun according to the invention.
  • the submachine gun has an average square housing 4 (FIG. 3) for the barrel 6.
  • a magazine shaft 8 for a magazine 10 is fastened to the housing 4 or integrally formed thereon.
  • the genome is closed at the rear by an end piece 12.
  • a trigger unit 13 which comprises a lock 14 with a handle 16 and a trigger 18, which is protected by a bracket 20.
  • An elongated lever 22, which can be pivoted in the direction of arrow A, is used to set the operating modes: continuous fire, single fire and securing. In the position shown, the lever 22 is on continuous fire, in the horizontal position it is on securing, and in the position between the two positions mentioned it is on individual fire.
  • the right side wall of the housing 4 (viewing direction in the weft direction from above) is cut away.
  • the barrel 6 is mounted in a bore 30 of a barrel bearing block 32, which is on the housing 4 is attached.
  • the barrel 6 is fastened to the barrel bearing block 32 by a union nut 34 which is screwed onto a shoulder 36 of the barrel bearing block and engages over a bead 38 formed on the barrel and secures it against the shoulder 36.
  • the race block 32 has a circumferential recess 40 which ends at a distance from the front and rear ends of the race block 32 so that the front end portion 42 and the rear end portion 44 of the race block 32 have a rectangular circumference and the central portion 46 is rounded Have circumference, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • a closure block 50 is movably guided, which is biased into its front end position by a compression spring 52 and can be moved into its rear end position by the gas pressure.
  • the locking block 50 is L-shaped, one leg, namely the compensating leg 54, above the bearing block 32 and thus above the barrel 6 and the other leg, namely the locking leg 56, of the locking block 50 behind the barrel bearing block 32 with the barrel 6 lies.
  • the housing 4 has an end wall 55, in which an opening 57 is provided, so that ambient air can enter the space above the barrel bearing block 32 when the breech block 50 is moved rearward. If necessary, the end wall 55 can be omitted, so that the housing above the bearing block 32 is open.
  • the opening 57 in the end wall 55 or, in the absence of an end wall 55, the open end of the housing 4 allows outside air to enter the space above the bearing block 32 when the locking block 50 or the compensating leg 54 moves to the rear.
  • the air entering the housing 4 during the backward movement of the closure block 50 flows through the cutout 40 around the barrel bearing block and effects its cooling.
  • the air is at least partially expelled again from the housing, and in this way, by alternately sucking in and expelling ambient air into or out of the housing and the recess 40 during the reciprocating movement of the breech block 50, cooling of the bearing block 32 and thus the run 6 achieved.
  • This cooling effect means that the barrel 6 does not become too hot even in the event of a continuous fire.
  • the L-shape of the breech block 50 causes the breech block 50 to exert forces on the barrel bearing block 32 and thus on the barrel 6 during its back and forth movement. which compensate for the forces that would lead to an emigration of the weapon upwards, especially in the case of continuous fire, without compensation.
  • the strength of the spring 52 in connection with the mass of the closure block 50 is dimensioned such that the return path of the closure block 50 is limited to a distance that is shorter than the free length of the compensating leg 54, ie the length of the compensating leg 54 from the end face 58 of the locking leg 56 to the front end of the compensating leg 54. This ensures that the locking block 50 in its rear end position with the equalizing leg 54 on the barrel bearing block 32 rests.
  • the mass distribution between the mass of the closure leg 56 and the mass of the compensating leg 54 must be taken into account, as mentioned at the beginning.
  • the mass of the locking leg 56 and the mass of the compensating leg 54 are coordinated such that the center of mass of the closure block 50 lies in the region of the intersection between the end face 58 of the closure leg 56 and the underside 59 of the compensating leg 54.
  • This position of the center of gravity of the breech block can be adjusted by varying the length of the breech 56 in the weft direction and by varying the free length of the compensating leg 54.
  • Another possibility for adjusting the center of gravity is that the compensating leg 54 is partially made of a material with a higher specific weight than the material of the closure leg.
  • the compensating leg 54 already has an optimal compensating effect when the free length of the compensating leg is as long as the entire length of the part of the barrel mounted in the housing 4. The entire free space in the housing 4 above the bearing block 32 is thus used. Since the compensating leg lies with its underside 59 directly on the bearing block 32, the compensating forces are transmitted directly.
  • the breech block 56 of the barrel bearing block has on its end face 58 a cartridge breech plate 60 (FIG. 4) and a firing pin 62 with which a cartridge located in the cartridge chamber 64 of the barrel 6 can be ignited.
  • the closure leg 56 takes a cartridge out of the magazine and introduces it into the cartridge chamber.
  • measures known per se can be provided on the closure leg 56 and on the rear side of the barrel bearing block, which, however, are not shown for simplification.
  • an extractor claw 66 is resiliently mounted, its central plane lying horizontally and at the level of the firing pin 62.
  • An ejector 68 is on the extractor le 66 opposite side of the cartridge bottom 60 and also arranged horizontally, the underside of the ejector 68 being on the central plane of the extractor claw 66.
  • the ejector 68 is mounted in a slot 70 in the locking block 50, guided out of the housing 4 through a slot 72 and fastened to the housing 4 by a screw 76 with a right-angled extension 74. This design of the ejector makes it easy to replace when worn.
  • the above-described position of the ejector 70 relative to the extractor claw 66 causes the empty cartridge cases to be ejected from the submachine gun at an angle of approximately 35 ° to the bottom right when the extractor claw 66 engages in the corresponding groove on the cartridge case and the ejector 68 hits the Cartridge bottom pushes open.
  • the cartridge cases emerge from an ejection opening 77 (FIG. 1) on the side of the housing 4.
  • a loading pin 80 shown in FIG. 4 serves to bring the locking block against the action of the spring 52 into its rear end position, where it remains locked in a manner known per se until the trigger 18 is pulled.
  • the loading pin 80 has a pin 82, with which it is inserted into a corresponding bore 84 in the leg 54 of the locking block 50.
  • a bead 86 adjoins the threaded section 84 and lies on the inside of the housing 4 in a blind hole 87 of the compensating leg 54.
  • a neck 88 adjoins the bead 86 and is guided in a slot 90 in the housing 4.
  • the outer end of the loading pin 80 forms a handle 92 with knurling. As shown in FIG.
  • the slot 90 has a bulge 94 at its rear end which is slightly larger in diameter than the circumference of the bead 86. Therefore, the loading pin 80 can be removed from the bore 84 when the locking block is so far back is moved that the loading pin 80 lies in the bulge 94. When the loading pin 80 is removed and when the end piece 12 is removed, the locking block 50 can be removed from the rear of the housing.
  • the spring 52 is designed as a compression spring and is mounted at its rear end on a guide pin 100 which is screwed into the end piece 12 with a thread 102 and extends so far forward that it projects into a bore 104 in the locking block 50 which is flush therewith.
  • the inner diameter of the bore 104 is adapted to the outer diameter of the spring 52.
  • the spring 52 is dimensioned such that the return path of the closure block 50 is limited to a distance, dis is shorter than the length of the leg 54 lying above the barrel. Furthermore, the spring 52 has a length such that in the rear end position of the closure block 50th the turns of the spring 52 lie one on top of the other.
  • the guide pin 100 and the bore 104 lie in the center of the compensating leg 54 of the breech block 50. The arrangement of the guide pin 10 and the bore 104 described ensures that the spring 52 is guided over its entire range of motion and that additional compensating forces are introduced to prevent the weapon from rising become.
  • the end piece 12 which closes the housing 4 at the rear, is shown in a side view in FIG. 2, in section in FIG. 5 and in an end view in FIG. 6.
  • the end piece 12 has a front section 110 and an adjoining rear section 112.
  • the outer circumference of the front section 110 is fitted into the housing 4, so that the housing 4 can be plugged onto the front section 110, as in FIGS. 2 and 5 is shown. If the housing 4 is plugged onto the front section 110, it is in contact with a step 114 which is located at the transition between see the front portion 110 and the rear portion 112 of the end piece 12 is formed.
  • a bore 116 is provided in the center of the front section 110, which penetrates the front section 110 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the housing, as shown in FIGS.
  • the bore 116 is omitted for simplification.
  • the recess 122 In the upper third of the front section 110 there is the bore 102 for the guide pin 100, and in the lower third of the front section 110 there are two buffers 118, 120 on both sides of a recess 122, which are arranged centrally in the end piece 12, on the front side of the front Section and on the underside of the front and rear section is open (Fig. 2 and 6).
  • the recess 122 is rectangular and also in the end view (FIG. 6).
  • the recess 122 extends from below into the end piece 12 to a height above the bore 116.
  • the buffers 118, 120 are inserted into corresponding blind holes 124, 126 in the end piece 12.
  • the end faces of the buffers 118, 120 protrude beyond the end face of the front section 110 to such an extent that the movement of the closure block 50 is damped by the spring 52 in addition to the damping when it reaches its rear end position.
  • An attachment 130 is provided on the lock 14, which projects upwards from the top of the lock and whose outer dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the recess 122.
  • the lug 130 has a transverse bore 132 that is aligned with the bore 116 when the lug 130 is inserted into the recess 122.
  • the housing 4, the end piece 12 and the lock are held together by a bolt 140, which has the bore 116 in the end piece 12, the bore 132 in the shoulder 130 and two side openings 142, 144 in the side walls of the housing 4 enforced.
  • the bolt 140 has a flat head 146 at one end and a groove 148 at the other end for receiving a snap ring 150, with which the bolt 140 is fixed in the assembly position.
  • the lock 14 is fastened to the housing 4 on the one hand by the bolt 140 and on the other hand by a nose 152 projecting on the end face, which engages in a corresponding recess 154 on the magazine shaft 8.
  • the machine gun can only by removing the bolt 140 in the main components, namely the housing 4 with the barrel, the barrel block, the breech block and the magazine, the spring 52, the end piece 12 and the trigger unit 13 with the lock 14 and the Handle 16 to be disassembled.
  • the barrel 6 can be removed by loosening the union nut 34, and the locking block 50 can be removed from the
  • Housing 4 can also be removed to the rear when the loading pin 80 is removed in the manner described above. It only takes a few simple steps to completely disassemble the weapon.
  • the weapon is completed by a rear sight 160 arranged in the end piece 12 (FIG. 6) and a front sight 162 arranged at the front upper end of the housing 4 (FIGS. 1 and 2). Since there are no further, in particular moving parts on the top of the housing 4, this surface can be used for attaching special target devices.
  • Machine gun comprising a barrel (6) fi ⁇ nly mounted in a housing (4) and a locking unit (50) guided so as to move in the housing, said unit being preloaded by a pressure spring (52) into its extreme forward position and movable into its extreme rear position by compressed gas.
  • the locking unit (50) is designed with an L-shape having a locking arm (56) behind the barrel (6) and a compensation arm (54) located above the barrel. The force of the spring (52) in contact with the mass of the locking unit (50) is calculated so as to li it its return travel to a shorter distance and the free length of the compensation arm (54).
  • the mass of the locking arm (56) and that of the compensation arm (54) are matched to one another so that the center of mass of the locking unit (50) is located in the region of the intersection line between the front face of the locking bar (56) and the lower face of the compensation arm (54).
  • Submachine gun with a barrel (6) which is mounted in a stationary manner in a housing (4) and a breech block (50) which is movably guided in the housing and which is biased into its front end position by a compression spring (52) and can be moved into its rear end position by gas pressure.
  • the locking block (50) is L-shaped with a locking leg (56) behind the barrel (6) and a compensating leg (54) located above the barrel.
  • the strength of the spring (52) in connection with the mass of the locking block (50) is dimensioned such that the return path of the locking block (50) is limited to a distance that is shorter than the free length of the compensating leg (54).
  • the mass of the closure leg (56) and the mass of the compensation leg (54) are matched to one another in such a way that the center of gravity of the closure block (50) lies in the region of the intersection between the end face of the closure leg (56) and the underside of the compensation leg (54).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

Pistolet-mitrailleur comportant un canon (6) monté fixe dans un logement (4) et un bloc de verrouillage (50) guidé de manière déplaçable dans le logement, lequel bloc est précontraint par un ressort de pression (52) dans sa position extrême avant et est déplaçable dans sa position extrême arrière par du gaz comprimé. Le bloc de verrouillage (50) est exécuté en forme de L avec une traverse de verrouillage (56) derrière le canon (6) et une traverse de compensation (54) située au-dessus du canon. La force du ressort (52) en contact avec la masse du bloc de verrouillage (50) est calculée de manière à limiter sa course de retour à une distance plus courte que la longueur libre de la traverse de compensation (54). La masse de la traverse de verrouillage (56) et la masse de la traverse de compensation (54) sont modulées l'une sur l'autre, de telle sorte que le centre de gravité massique du bloc de verrouillage (50) se situe dans la région de la ligne d'intersection entre la face frontale de la traverse de verrouillage (56) et la face inférieure de la traverse de compensation (54).
EP87905439A 1986-08-06 1987-08-06 Arme automatique Withdrawn EP0277990A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86110880 1986-08-06
DE8611088U 1986-08-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0277990A1 true EP0277990A1 (fr) 1988-08-17

Family

ID=8195321

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87111416A Pending EP0255732A3 (fr) 1986-08-06 1987-08-06 Pistolet mitrailleur
EP87905439A Withdrawn EP0277990A1 (fr) 1986-08-06 1987-08-06 Arme automatique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87111416A Pending EP0255732A3 (fr) 1986-08-06 1987-08-06 Pistolet mitrailleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0255732A3 (fr)
AU (1) AU7852287A (fr)
OA (1) OA08827A (fr)
WO (1) WO1988001040A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191406955A (en) * 1914-03-19 1915-02-18 William John Whiting Improvements in or relating to Hammerless Automatic Small-arms.
FR1090814A (fr) * 1953-11-03 1955-04-04 Mitraillette
US3651736A (en) * 1969-06-11 1972-03-28 Michael H Adair Bolt handle and pistol grip magazine for an automatic firearm
US3987571A (en) * 1973-01-31 1976-10-26 Hector Mendoza Orozco Portable submachine gun
US4335643A (en) * 1980-05-16 1982-06-22 Action Manufacturing Company Semi-automatic firearms

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1988001040A3 (fr) 1988-03-10
OA08827A (en) 1989-03-31
EP0255732A2 (fr) 1988-02-10
AU7852287A (en) 1988-02-24
EP0255732A3 (fr) 1988-03-30
WO1988001040A2 (fr) 1988-02-11

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