EP0276810B1 - A method of and an air distribution means for introducing supply air into a room space - Google Patents
A method of and an air distribution means for introducing supply air into a room space Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0276810B1 EP0276810B1 EP88101101A EP88101101A EP0276810B1 EP 0276810 B1 EP0276810 B1 EP 0276810B1 EP 88101101 A EP88101101 A EP 88101101A EP 88101101 A EP88101101 A EP 88101101A EP 0276810 B1 EP0276810 B1 EP 0276810B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- room space
- distribution means
- outflow openings
- speed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/26—Arrangements for air-circulation by means of induction, e.g. by fluid coupling or thermal effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
- F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
- F24F13/068—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser formed as perforated walls, ceilings or floors
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of introducing supply air into a room space, wherein air is introduced into a lower portion of the room space directly to an occupied zone by means of at least one elongated air distribution means comprising a plurality of outflow openings for air.
- Air flows occurring in room spaces are controlled by ventilation, that is, by introducing clean outdoor air into the room space through special fixed louvers, valves, or the like air distribution means, and by discharging air from the room by means of special exhaust air means, which air has become warm or excessively moist or which has been contaminated by impurities formed in the room space.
- air is introduced into a room space through air distribution means in the form of one or more jets reaching far into the room space in a desired direction, generally to the upper portion thereof. Due to induction, the jets draw indoor air therewith and are mixed with the indoor air so that the entire room space is finally filled with a relatively homogeneous mixture of indoor and outdoor air, the temperature, impurity content, humidity, etc., of the mixture being nearly the same throughout the room.
- the mixing ventilation has certain disadvantages.
- the air flow emerging at high speed from the air distribution means may reach too far or it may hit a flow obstacle, such as a light fixture, so that the air flow changes its direction, thus causing draught in zones occupied by people (so called occupied zones).
- occupied zones zones occupied by people
- the introduction of outdoor air into the upper portion of a room space causes the impurities and excessive heat which have risen by themselves to the upper portion of the room space to be carried back to the occupied zone by the outdoor air flowing to said zone.
- the outdoor air could be introduced into the occupied zone only.
- the displacing ventilation has some major disadvantages.
- the speed of the air has to be kept at a very low value. This is also necessary in order to prevent the air jet from taking with it air from the upper portion of the room due to induction, which would bring the impurities and excessive heat into the occupied zone. Therefore, the speed of the air flow from supply air means operating on the displacement principle is very low, generally from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s.
- the low speed causes the loss of some important properties of the air distribution means.
- DE-U-8522094 discloses an air distribution means which consists of a tubular air duct in which small openings are provided out of which high speed supply air is blown.
- a baffle tube is located parallel to the tubular air duct and with a small circumferential gap therefrom and is located to cover the openings.
- the effect of the baffle is to create a strong induction effect in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular air duct.
- the length of the tubular air duct is considerably greater than its width and the distance of the openings from each other in the longitudinal direction of the tubular air duct is great compared with the dimensions of the openings.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for carrying out the method which avoids the above disadvantages and enables the introduction of warm as well as cool supply air directly into the occupied zone without draught, so that the temperature of the room space can be affected.
- This object is achieved by means of a method of introducing supply air into a room space, wherein air is introduced into a lower portion of the room space directly to an occupied zone by means of at least one elongated air distribution means for mounting in said room space and including a plurality of outflow openings for air comprising the steps of blowing supply air at a high speed through a plurality of small outflow openings in such a manner that secondary air contained in the room space is induced to mix with the blown-in air and that the speed of air jets from the outflow openings is reduced to at least about 1/10 of said speed over the distance which is at the most about 50 times the diameter of the outflow opening, and preventing the secondary air from being mixed with the air jets from a vertical direction with respect to the room space over said distance at least at one end of the air distribution means.
- the method according to the invention is based on the idea that a high speed of supply air is utilized in displacing ventilation while the introduction of supply air is arranged to take place under such conditions that the speed of the air jet is reduced over a short distance, whereby the secondary air is essentially prevented from entering the air jet from undesired directions along this distance.
- This kind of ventilation method enables large masses of air to be put in slow flow motion in a desired part of the room space, and the flows in the room space can be controlled irrespective of thermal flows or other similar undesired flows. The result is that all the air contained in the room space is not mixed and that the impurities and excessive heat contained in the air in the upper portion of the room space are not carried to the occupied zone. Further, no draught is caused in the occupied zone.
- the method enables the introduction of both warm and cool air directly into the occupied zone without draught.
- an air distribution means for mounting in a room space and for introduction of supply air into a room space, comprising a tubular air duct, a wall of which is provided with a plurality of outflow openings for air, the outflow openings being dimensioned so small for a high air speed at the openings that secondary air contained in the room space is induced to be mixed with the blown-in air, the length of the tubular air duct is considerably greater than the width of the tubular air duct; and at least one flow baffle plate arranged on said tubular air duct, characterized in that the outflow openings are also dimensioned so that the speed of the air jets from the outflow openings is reduced to at least about 1/10 of said speed over the distance which is at the most about 50 times the diameter of the outflow opening, the distance of the outflow openings from each other in the longitudinal direction of the tubular air duct is at least 1.5 x n x d, wherein n is the number of the outflow openings in one row extending
- FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings show a preferred embodiment of an air distribution means.
- the air distribution means is formed by an upright air duct 1 the length of which is essentially greater than the diameter thereof, or in the case of a rectangular cross-section, greater than the larger side dimension.
- a great number of nozzles 2 or similar holes, slits, or the like outflow openings for air is provided in the duct wall.
- the nozzles are not positioned over the whole shell surface of the duct but only over a predetermined portion of its circumference, i.e. in a mixing part 1 a. Instead, a strip-like secondary part 1 b extending longitudinally of the duct does not have any holes provided therein.
- the air duct is mounted beside a wall 4 of a room space 3 at some distance from a floor 5.
- the lower end of the duct is closed, and an annular baffle plate 6 is mounted at the upper end of the mixing part 1 a.
- the mixing part opens towards an occupied zone 7 of the room space.
- the upper end of the air duct is connected to a supply air distribution network not shown for the introduction of supply air into the air duct therethrough so that the air flows out through the nozzles at high speed, e.g. 2.5 to 10 m/s.
- air jets A from the nozzles draw from all sides secondary air B from the room space, so that the secondary air is mixed with the air jets emerging from the nozzles.
- the mixing as well as the reduction in the speed of the air jets takes place over a short distance. Assuming that the diameter d of the nozzle is e.g. 5 mm, and the distance over which the speed has dropped to 1/20 of the nozzle speed is e.g. 50 times the diameter of the nozzle, the speed is reduced from a value 8 m/s to a value 0.4 m/s over a distance of 250 mm.
- the high-speed air jets take therewith plenty of secondary air so that they move large masses of air, generally at least ten times the amount of the supply air flow. In addition, these air flows are directed by the jets as desired. Thereby the effect of undesired thermal flows and the like remains insignificant.
- the nozzles of the air duct take secondary air from all sides, i.e., there prevails an underpressure throughout the whole mixing part.
- the underpressure sucks secondary air essentially as shown in Figure 2.
- the nozzles also suck secondary air in the direction of the axis of the duct due to the underpressure prevailing in the area of the mixing part. If this happens, the air flow from the duct will be throttled and the speed of the air will remain too high. In addition, the secondary flow would bring impurities from the upper portion of the room space.
- the baffle plate 6 is provided for the prevention of any undesired vertical flows of secondary air, whereby the size of the plate is chosen so that the speed of the air jets beyond the plate is reduced to at least 1/10 of the nozzle speed.
- the underpressure causing axial flow of secondary air has thereby been reduced to about 1/100, so that it is no longer able to effect any noticeable flow in the direction of the axis of the duct.
- the baffle plate may be relatively small.
- a projection X extending 200 mm from the surface of the duct is sufficient.
- the lower end of the duct is positioned sufficiently close to the floor of the room space to be able to prevent the formation of undesired vertical flows of secondary air at the lower end of the duct.
- the baffle plates 6 for the secondary flow can be used for the control of the air flows especially when the temperature of the supply air differs considerably from the room temperature.
- the embodiment shown in Figure 4 is to be used when the temperature of the supply air is lower than the temperature of the room air.
- the upper baffle plate prevents the entrance of secondary air within the area of the mixing part l a, so that the air jets are directed in the horizontal direction.
- the temperature of the supply air has risen close to the temperature of the room space, so that the thermal forces are able to bend the air jets only slightly downwards.
- the air jets obtain secondary air also from below, which tends to bend the flow upwards against the direction in which the thermal forces are acting.
- the baffle plate is displaceable with respect to the air duct, so that it is possible to introduce into the room space either warm or cool air by means of the air distribution means.
- the baffle plate is displaced to the upper portion of the duct when the supply air is cool, and to the lower portion of the duct when the supply air is warm.
- Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the mixing part 1 a. It shows schematically the main flow of secondary air between the nozzles with the arrows B; the flow of the air jets emerging from the nozzles with the arrows A; and the flow of secondary air drawn with the air jet with the arrows C. It appears from the figure that the longitudinal dimension a of the duct should be sufficiently large as compared with the diameter d of the nozzle in order that the air jets A in the mid portion of the mixing part also obtain sufficiently secondary air C and the mixing is efficient, i.e. that the speed of the air flow decreases rapidly, the temperature differences are levelled out, etc.
- the ratio a/n x d is greater than 1.5, wherein n is the number of nozzles in one row in the direction of the width of the duct.
- the ratio varies slightly with the variation of the dimension a or d.
- the nozzles are positioned in straight rows which may also extend obliquely with respect to the direction of the width, as shown in the figures. If this is not the case, it is more difficult for the secondary air flow B to enter the mid portion of the mixing part.
- the distance b between the nozzles is not equally important.
- the dimension b may be 0, whereby the nozzles are replaced with a continuous slit.
- the secondary air flow C can enter the air flow of the nozzle from two directions only, so that the mixing is diminished and the speed of the air jet is decreased more slowly, i.e., the so called throw distance is extended.
- the openings of the nozzles are round and the mutual distance thereof in the direction of the width b of the duct is larger than 3d. The mixing is thereby efficient; a great amount of secondary air is carried along; and the equalizing of the temperatures as well as the reduction in the flow speeds take place over a short distance.
- the secondary part of the air duct that is, the part without any holes, has to be sufficiently large, preferably cover at least 1/6 of the mantle surface of the air duct, in which the nozzles are positioned.
- the inner diameter of the nozzles is preferably no more than 10 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
- Air Humidification (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88101101T ATE78087T1 (de) | 1987-01-27 | 1988-01-26 | Verfahren und luftverteilungsmittel zum zufuehren von luft in einen raumbereich. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI870345A FI79608C (fi) | 1987-01-27 | 1987-01-27 | Foerfarande och luftfoerdelningsorgan foer infoerande av inkommande luft i ett rumsutrymme. |
FI870345 | 1987-01-27 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0276810A2 EP0276810A2 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
EP0276810A3 EP0276810A3 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
EP0276810B1 true EP0276810B1 (en) | 1992-07-08 |
Family
ID=8523842
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88101101A Expired - Lifetime EP0276810B1 (en) | 1987-01-27 | 1988-01-26 | A method of and an air distribution means for introducing supply air into a room space |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0276810B1 (no) |
AT (1) | ATE78087T1 (no) |
DE (1) | DE3872532T2 (no) |
DK (1) | DK164374C (no) |
FI (1) | FI79608C (no) |
NO (1) | NO165464C (no) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI101826B (fi) * | 1997-04-15 | 1998-08-31 | Flaekt Woods Ab | Laitteisto tuloilman jakamiseksi ilmastoitaviin huonetiloihin |
FI109307B (fi) * | 1998-02-13 | 2002-06-28 | Flaekt Oy | Putkimainen ilmanjakoelin |
SE527241C2 (sv) * | 2000-02-17 | 2006-01-24 | Fresh Ab | Flödesstabiliserat ventilationssystem |
CN112628870A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-09 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | 空调器室内机的控制方法、存储介质及空调器室内机 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3301570A1 (de) * | 1983-01-19 | 1984-07-19 | Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad Gmbh, Zweigniederlassung Kolbingen, 7201 Kolbingen | Vorrichtung zum belueften von raeumen |
CH664211A5 (de) * | 1984-08-16 | 1988-02-15 | Hesco Pilgersteg Ag | Luftverteiler fuer die raumbelueftung. |
-
1987
- 1987-01-27 FI FI870345A patent/FI79608C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-01-26 AT AT88101101T patent/ATE78087T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-26 NO NO880341A patent/NO165464C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-26 DE DE8888101101T patent/DE3872532T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-26 EP EP88101101A patent/EP0276810B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-26 DK DK034988A patent/DK164374C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0276810A3 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
FI79608C (fi) | 1990-01-10 |
DK34988A (da) | 1988-07-28 |
FI870345A (fi) | 1988-07-28 |
DE3872532T2 (de) | 1993-02-18 |
FI79608B (fi) | 1989-09-29 |
EP0276810A2 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
NO880341D0 (no) | 1988-01-26 |
DE3872532D1 (de) | 1992-08-13 |
NO165464C (no) | 1991-02-13 |
FI870345A0 (fi) | 1987-01-27 |
NO165464B (no) | 1990-11-05 |
DK164374B (da) | 1992-06-15 |
ATE78087T1 (de) | 1992-07-15 |
NO880341L (no) | 1988-07-28 |
DK34988D0 (da) | 1988-01-26 |
DK164374C (da) | 1992-11-09 |
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