EP0276682B1 - Aggregate containing fibres, and method for making it - Google Patents
Aggregate containing fibres, and method for making it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0276682B1 EP0276682B1 EP19880100329 EP88100329A EP0276682B1 EP 0276682 B1 EP0276682 B1 EP 0276682B1 EP 19880100329 EP19880100329 EP 19880100329 EP 88100329 A EP88100329 A EP 88100329A EP 0276682 B1 EP0276682 B1 EP 0276682B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- foregoing
- aggregate
- aggregate according
- fibre balls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249922—Embodying intertwined or helical component[s]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2905—Plural and with bonded intersections only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2909—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
- Y10T428/2924—Composite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an aggregate containing fibers, as a filling material for blankets or pillows, as a cushioning material or as a filter, and a method for its production.
- Aggregates containing fibers are e.g. used as filling for blankets or pillows, as upholstery material or as a filter. These are usually non-woven fabrics. These can be consolidated by a needle-punched nonwoven process, with needling needles partially gripping individual fibers and aligning them in the nonwoven.
- Such non-woven fabrics are usually produced by stacking fibers into a web by means of a fiber card. Although it is possible to arrange webs with different fibers across the same thickness by means of different cards arranged one after the other, it is also possible to deposit different fibers simultaneously on one card.
- the web-shaped product however, has a uniform thickness due to the type of manufacture, which can only be varied by laying differently many webs on top of one another over part of the surface.
- the product must therefore be considered essentially two-dimensional, although it has a certain thickness.
- a known aggregate containing fibers cannot therefore be formed into any three-dimensional body. Also, different fibers cannot be mixed in any three-dimensional manner.
- the invention has for its object to provide a generic unit in which the fibers are arranged and distributed three-dimensionally in a desired manner and also - as long as this is desired - and which has better properties, in particular as a filler.
- the aggregate consists of fiber balls that consist of spherically entangled fibers, the individual fiber balls being connected to one another by means of connecting, activated binding fibers.
- the fiber balls are individually made from fibers as individualized fiber aggregates and then, for example, in one surface - one or more layers - or to any room structure, for example stored in a mold and connected to one another to form a preferably one-piece flat or spatial structure.
- the connecting binding fibers can be fibers of the individual fiber balls, each of which is connected to fibers of another fiber ball. This connection between two fibers can be made by gluing the two fibers at intersection points.
- Such fiber balls are in themselves e.g. known from EP-A-0.203.469. These fiber balls known from there can e.g. can be used as loose filling and cushioning material. These fiber balls consist of spirally crimped polyester fibers with a length of about 10 to 60 mm and a diameter of between 1 and 15 mm. The fiber balls have an elasticity, through which the balls recover significantly after a compression - even over a long time (recovery rate of 80%). The fiber balls have a cohesion of less than 6 Newtons, preferably 4.5 Newtons or less (according to a measurement method described there).
- the fiber balls move very easily within a filling, especially if this filling is used for a pillow or a duvet. If the sleeper lies with his head in the middle of a pillow filled with such fiber balls, this pillow pushes through very easily in the support area. If a duvet filled with such fiber balls is shaken up, the fiber balls move - similar to down - and collect in a corner or on an edge. To at least To prevent some, the fiber balls in the pillow must have a relatively high density, which is why the pillows themselves are very heavy. As a result, the pillow loses its "softness", which some people find uncomfortable. A duvet must be filled with more fiber balls or - better - quilted.
- Spherical fiber aggregates are also known from EP-A-0.013.427, in which fibers are tangled into fiber balls. These fiber balls have a diameter of at least 3 mm. The balls can have a diameter of up to 50 mm. The fibers used there have a length of at least 15 mm, preferably between 40 and 120 mm. These fiber balls have a density between 0.01 and 0.1 g / cm3.
- the fibers of these fiber balls can be natural fibers, e.g. Cotton or wool fibers, animal hair or the like. or synthetic fibers, e.g. Polyamide, polyester, polypropylene fibers or the like. or a mixture of these. In particular, these fiber balls can be crimped fibers, e.g. be crimped synthetic fibers.
- Such fiber balls have hitherto been used essentially for textile fabrics, in particular for carpet manufacture, for clothing fabrics, bed covers, decorative fabrics or textile coverings.
- the fiber balls are needled as flat structures with one another and / or with a carrier layer. However, they are pressed together very strongly, so that such a flat structure is very hard and e.g. can not be used as a pillow.
- These fiber balls, as described in EP-A-0.013.427, are suitable as filler material if the individual fiber balls are bound with a binder which ensures that the individual balls do not dissolve.
- both types of known fiber balls are very difficult to distribute evenly if, for example, they are to be placed in a cover or if they are used as elastic cushioning material with the same thickness over a larger size Area to be distributed.
- fiber balls made of spherically entangled fibers which have fiber ends projecting outward beyond the spherical shape, these fiber ends being able to get detachably caught in other fiber balls.
- binding fibers can be present in the aggregate in addition to the fiber balls, but according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the individual fiber balls themselves have both binding fibers and other fibers. However, all fibers of the individual fiber balls can also be binding fibers.
- binding fibers are preferably melting fibers that have a melting temperature that is lower than the melting temperature of other fibers of the filling material. These fusible fibers can then be melted by applying heat, whereupon they adhere to adjacent fibers, be it fusible fibers or other fibers.
- the binder fibers can also be thermoplastic fibers, especially water-soluble fibers, e.g. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers, which are activated by dissolving and form a connection with other fibers of the overall aggregate.
- the binding fibers can also be adhesive fibers.
- the binding fibers are stiffer and / or coarser than the other fibers.
- the binding fibers in particular if they are part of the fiber balls, are then not parallel to the other fibers of the fiber balls, but can even spur out of the fiber balls. It is then possible, in particular, to connect the fiber balls to one another only via the protruding fiber ends of the binding fibers, as a result of which the flat structure formed from the fiber balls becomes very conformable and drapable.
- the unit as a filling material for Duvets adapts very well to the body shape of the person covered underneath.
- thermoplastic fibers especially water-soluble fibers, e.g. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers
- the compounds can e.g. after quilting a duvet can be solved by washing the finished duvet.
- connections between fiber balls of one level each are different from the connections between fiber balls of two superimposed levels, e.g. the connection between the levels is released, while the connection between the fiber balls of a level remains.
- the user also has the power to make the unit thinner than it was delivered to it in its original state.
- the fiber balls of a fabric with one or more superimposed planes are connected to each other by binding fibers, which are arranged in the fiber balls themselves, be it that the ends of these binding fibers spike out of the fiber balls, or it is that the fiber balls a shell from meltable binding fibers.
- a similarly shaped flat structure can now be arranged above, a layer of individual meltable binding fibers being arranged between the two, by means of which the two flat structures are connected to one another. Are then only these individual binding fibers e.g. water-soluble, washing the aggregate allows one sheet to be separated from the other without the sheet itself dissolving.
- the individual fiber balls can only be connected to one another by individual additional binding fibers be connected, which was placed, for example, like a net over and / or under a layer of fiber balls and stick to it after melting.
- connections between the individual fibers of different fiber balls can also be designed so loosely that these connections e.g. solve by tapping a blanket or pillow with a tapping broom.
- the aggregate containing the fiber balls can be rolled, bent and folded, and pushed and pushed together.
- Such an aggregate can be handled in a variety of ways even without a casing.
- Such a training is particularly suitable for the transport of fiber balls.
- the unit can also be made thicker within a non-quilted bedspread by rolling up or folding over one end, so that e.g. more fiber balls are intentionally arranged in the sensitive foot area than in the area facing the head. This can be done by the user himself. If the rolled-up or folded end is still stapled, this remains the case even after shaking the blanket. With down or the well-known fiber balls, this is not easy for the user to accomplish.
- the unit can be arranged in a casing.
- This can be, for example, a fabric cover such as that used for duvets or pillows.
- the insert By creating the insert beforehand, namely the unit according to the invention, it can have and maintain any desired shape and thickness.
- Such an insert can have different fibers at the foot end and / or be thicker than at the head end. So far you have this Differences in thickness achieved by quilting the inlet, while maintaining thermal bridges in the area of the quilting. Such disadvantages no longer occur with the unit according to the invention.
- Such an insert can also be connected to the inside of the cover. Such a connection can be obtained by means of the connecting fibers of the fiber balls.
- the fiber balls can also be arranged on and connected to a carrier.
- the fiber balls are very strongly compressed by the needling process used. This is no longer the case with an assembly according to the invention glued to a carrier.
- Such a shell or the carrier can consist of a fabric or of a perforated film, preferably made of a plastic.
- a film can e.g. be a slotted plastic film shrunk into a net, as it is sold under the brand "XIRONET" by the company XIRO AG, CH-3185 Schmitten.
- XIRONET a slotted plastic film shrunk into a net
- Such a net becomes sticky when exposed to heat, so that the fiber balls can be glued to this net by exposure to heat. The fiber balls then do not need to be adhesive or fusible, or they need not be fused.
- Such a network can also be activated under the influence of pressure.
- the fiber balls adjacent to the shell or the carrier are only connected to it via binding fibers.
- the fiber balls are e.g. glued, sewn, needled or stitched onto the cover or the carrier.
- the unit itself can form a shell.
- Loose fiber balls, individual fibers, non-woven fabrics, but preferably a non-fiber-containing material can be filled into this envelope.
- the latter can be down or feathers or even solid particles such as activated carbon particles or powder, ion exchanger, sand, seeds, fertilizer or the like. act.
- the unit according to the invention consists of at least one layer of fiber balls. These fiber balls have to touch each other to be connected. This situation must therefore be relatively closed.
- Fiber balls of different diameters, different colors or with different fibers can be used. A large variety of designs of the desired unit can thus be achieved. Such a large variety of designs or the like is known with the known nonwovens. not reachable.
- the fiber balls of the unit can now also be filled with a particularly granular material.
- material can also be arranged between the fiber balls.
- These can be the same materials that were mentioned above in the context of filling the envelope formed by the fiber balls.
- This material can also be material contained in or between the fiber balls, such as bog, clay, herbal powder, kaolin, almond bran, cream or the like. act.
- the method according to the invention for producing aggregates from fiber balls consists of arranging a collection of fiber balls produced and made from spherically entangled fibers and / or threads using the known methods and arranging them in a desired shape and connecting these fiber balls to one another.
- the fiber balls are connected by means of connecting fibers, which are preferably binding fibers that are activated after the informing. Fiber balls containing binding fibers or separate binding fibers inserted between the fiber balls can be used.
- Melting fibers can be used as binding fibers, the fiber balls arranged in the desired shape preferably at an elevated temperature be subjected to at least the melting temperature of the binding fibers.
- further materials can be introduced into the fiber balls.
- further materials can be arranged in or between the fiber balls.
- fibers can now be brought into a desired shape before activating the binding fibers.
- fibers can also be produced in any desired spatial shape. In this way, molds can be filled with the fiber balls, whereupon the binding fibers are activated and a spatial structure corresponding to the shape can be removed from the mold.
- Filters can also be manufactured, with e.g. a layer of large fiber balls is placed on which smaller fiber balls as the actual filter or also e.g. Activated carbon is given as a filter material, whereupon this second layer is in turn covered with larger fiber balls.
- a ring of fiber balls can be placed on the edge of the actual filter layer, which prevents the activated carbon particles from falling out laterally or the like. prevented.
- Such filters can take any shape without leaving a waste - as is the case with filters made from nonwoven fabrics.
- the density and thus also the hardness of such an aggregate can be adjusted.
- fiber balls of different colors, Size, hardness, density and / or mixed with different fibers in such an aggregate are formed in which essentially all of the fibers are intimately connected to one another, resulting in a harder and denser shell of the unit, which may be printed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fasern enthaltendes Aggregat, als Füllgut für Decken oder Kissen, als Polstermaterial oder als Filter, und ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.The invention relates to an aggregate containing fibers, as a filling material for blankets or pillows, as a cushioning material or as a filter, and a method for its production.
Fasern enthaltende Aggregate werden z.B. als Füllgut für Decken oder Kissen, als Polstermaterial oder als Filter benutzt. Dabei handelt es sich in der Regel um Faservliese. Diese können durch einen Nadelvliesprozeß verfestigt sein, wobei Vernadelungsnadeln einzelne Fasern zum Teil greifen und in dem Vlies ausrichten.Aggregates containing fibers are e.g. used as filling for blankets or pillows, as upholstery material or as a filter. These are usually non-woven fabrics. These can be consolidated by a needle-punched nonwoven process, with needling needles partially gripping individual fibers and aligning them in the nonwoven.
Solche Faservliese werden in der Regel dadurch hergestellt, daß Stapel-Fasern mittels einer Faserkrempel zu eine Bahn abgelegt werden. Dabei kann man zwar mittels verschiedener, nacheinander angeordneter Krempel Bahnen mit über die Dicke derselben verschiedenen Fasern anordnen, es ist auch möglich auf einer Krempel verschiedene Fasern gleichzeitig abzulegen.Such non-woven fabrics are usually produced by stacking fibers into a web by means of a fiber card. Although it is possible to arrange webs with different fibers across the same thickness by means of different cards arranged one after the other, it is also possible to deposit different fibers simultaneously on one card.
Das bahnförmige Produkt hat jedoch durch die Art der Herstellung eine gleichmäßige Dicke, die höchstens dadurch variiert werden kann, daß teilflächig verschieden viele Bahnen übereinander gelegt werden. Das Produkt muß deshalb im wesentlichen als zweidimensional angesehen, wenngleich es eine bestimmte Dicke aufweist.The web-shaped product, however, has a uniform thickness due to the type of manufacture, which can only be varied by laying differently many webs on top of one another over part of the surface. The product must therefore be considered essentially two-dimensional, although it has a certain thickness.
Ein bekanntes, Fasern enthaltendes Aggregat kann somit nicht zu einem beliebigen dreidimensionalen Körper ausgebildet werden. Auch können verschiedene Fasern nicht beliebig dreidimensional gemischt angeordnet werden.A known aggregate containing fibers cannot therefore be formed into any three-dimensional body. Also, different fibers cannot be mixed in any three-dimensional manner.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Aggregat zu schaffen, in dem die Fasern in einer gewünschten Art und Weise dreidimensional angeordnet und verteilt sind und auch - solange dies gewünscht wird - bleiben und welches insbesondere als Füllmaterial bessere Eigenschaften aufweist.The invention has for its object to provide a generic unit in which the fibers are arranged and distributed three-dimensionally in a desired manner and also - as long as this is desired - and which has better properties, in particular as a filler.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß besteht das Aggregat aus Faserkugeln, die aus sphärisch verwickelten Fasern bestehen, wobei die einzelnen Faserkugeln mittels verbindenden, aktivierten Bindefasern miteinander verbunden sind. Die Faserkugeln werden somit im Gegensatz zu bekannten flächigen Faservliesen, die auch schon als Aggregat für Decken, Kissen oder Polsterungen benutzt wurden, aus Fasern als individualisierte Faseraggregate einzeln hergestellt und dann z.B. in einer Fläche - ein- oder mehrlagig - oder zu einem beliebigen Raumgebilde z.B. in einer Form abgelegt und miteinander zu einem vorzugsweise einstückigen Flächen- oder Raumgebilde verbunden.This object is achieved by the invention. According to the invention, the aggregate consists of fiber balls that consist of spherically entangled fibers, the individual fiber balls being connected to one another by means of connecting, activated binding fibers. In contrast to known flat fiber fleeces, which have already been used as an aggregate for blankets, pillows or upholstery, the fiber balls are individually made from fibers as individualized fiber aggregates and then, for example, in one surface - one or more layers - or to any room structure, for example stored in a mold and connected to one another to form a preferably one-piece flat or spatial structure.
Die verbindenden Bindefasern können Fasern der einzelnen Faserkugeln sein, die jeweils mit Fasern einer anderen Faserkugel verbunden sind. Diese Verbindung zwischen zwei Fasern kann durch Verkleben der beiden Fasern an Schnittpunkten erfolgen.The connecting binding fibers can be fibers of the individual fiber balls, each of which is connected to fibers of another fiber ball. This connection between two fibers can be made by gluing the two fibers at intersection points.
Solche Faserkugeln sind an sich z.B. aus der EP-A-0.203.469 bekannt. Diese von dort bekannten Faserkugeln können z.B. als loses Füll- und Polstermaterial verwendet werden. Diese Faserkugeln bestehen aus spiralgekräuselten miteinander verwickelten Polyesterfasern mit einer Länge von etwa 10 bis 60 mm und weisen einen Durchmesser zwischen 1 und 15 mm auf. Die Faserkugeln besitzen eine Elastizität, durch die sich die Kugeln nach einem Zusammendrücken - auch über längere Zeit - wieder wesentlich (Erholungsgrad von 80%) erholen. Die Faserkugeln besitzen untereinander eine Kohäsion von weniger als 6 Newton, vorzugsweise 4,5 Newton oder weniger (gemäß einem dort beschriebenen Meßverfahren).Such fiber balls are in themselves e.g. known from EP-A-0.203.469. These fiber balls known from there can e.g. can be used as loose filling and cushioning material. These fiber balls consist of spirally crimped polyester fibers with a length of about 10 to 60 mm and a diameter of between 1 and 15 mm. The fiber balls have an elasticity, through which the balls recover significantly after a compression - even over a long time (recovery rate of 80%). The fiber balls have a cohesion of less than 6 Newtons, preferably 4.5 Newtons or less (according to a measurement method described there).
Durch diese geringen Kohäsionswerte verschieben sich die Faserkugeln innerhalb einer Füllung sehr leicht, insbesondere, wenn diese Füllung für ein Kopfkissen oder eine Bettdecke benutzt wird. Liegt der Schläfer mit dem Kopf mittig auf einem mit solchen Faserkugeln gefüllten Kissen, drückt sich dieses Kissen im Auflagebereich sehr leicht durch. Wird eine mit solchen Faserkugeln gefüllte Bettdecke aufgeschüttelt, so verschieben sich die Faserkugeln - ähnlich wie auch Daunen - und sammeln sich in einer Ecke oder an einer Kante an. Um dies zumindest zum Teil zu verhindern, müssen die Faserkugeln in dem Kissen eine relativ hohe Dichte aufweisen, weshalb die Kissen selbst sehr schwer werden. Dadurch verliert das Kissen wiederum seine "Weichheit", was manche Menschen als unangenehm empfinden. Eine Bettdecke muß entsprechend mit mehr Faserkugeln gefüllt oder - besser - abgesteppt werden.Due to these low cohesion values, the fiber balls move very easily within a filling, especially if this filling is used for a pillow or a duvet. If the sleeper lies with his head in the middle of a pillow filled with such fiber balls, this pillow pushes through very easily in the support area. If a duvet filled with such fiber balls is shaken up, the fiber balls move - similar to down - and collect in a corner or on an edge. To at least To prevent some, the fiber balls in the pillow must have a relatively high density, which is why the pillows themselves are very heavy. As a result, the pillow loses its "softness", which some people find uncomfortable. A duvet must be filled with more fiber balls or - better - quilted.
Auch aus der EP-A-0.013.427 sind sphärische Faseraggregate bekannt, in denen Fasern zu Faserkugeln verwickelt sind. Diese Faserkugeln weisen einen Durchmesser von mindestens 3 mm auf. Die Kugeln können einen Durchmesser bis zu 50 mm aufweisen. Die dort verwendeten Fasern haben eine Länge von mindestens 15 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 40 und 120 mm. Diese Faserkugeln weisen eine Dichte zwischen 0,01 und 0,1 g/cm³ auf. Die Fasern dieser Faserkugeln können natürliche Fasern, z.B. Baumwoll- oder Wollfasern, Tierhaare od.dgl. oder Synthesefasern, z.B. Polyamid-, Polyester-, Polypropylenfasern od.dgl. oder ein Gemisch aus diesen sein. Insbesondere können diese Faserkugeln gekräuselte Fasern, z.B. gekräuselte Synthesefasern sein. Solche Faserkugeln wurden bisher im wesentlichen für textile Flächengebilde, insbesondere für die Teppichherstellung, für Bekleidungsstoffe, Schlafdecken, Dekorationsstoffe oder textile Bezugsstoffe benutzt. Dabei werden die Faserkugeln als Flächengebilde untereinander und / oder mit einer Trägerschicht vernadelt. Dabei werden sie jedoch sehr stark zusammengepreßt, sodaß ein solches Flächengebilde sehr hart ist und sich z.B. nicht als Kopfkissen benutzen läßt. Als Füllmaterial sind diese Faserkugeln, wie sie in der EP-A-0.013.427 beschrieben sind, dann geeignet, wenn die einzelnen Faserkugeln mit einem Bindemittel gebunden sind, das dafür sorgt, daß sich die einzelnen Kugeln nicht auflösen.Spherical fiber aggregates are also known from EP-A-0.013.427, in which fibers are tangled into fiber balls. These fiber balls have a diameter of at least 3 mm. The balls can have a diameter of up to 50 mm. The fibers used there have a length of at least 15 mm, preferably between 40 and 120 mm. These fiber balls have a density between 0.01 and 0.1 g / cm³. The fibers of these fiber balls can be natural fibers, e.g. Cotton or wool fibers, animal hair or the like. or synthetic fibers, e.g. Polyamide, polyester, polypropylene fibers or the like. or a mixture of these. In particular, these fiber balls can be crimped fibers, e.g. be crimped synthetic fibers. Such fiber balls have hitherto been used essentially for textile fabrics, in particular for carpet manufacture, for clothing fabrics, bed covers, decorative fabrics or textile coverings. The fiber balls are needled as flat structures with one another and / or with a carrier layer. However, they are pressed together very strongly, so that such a flat structure is very hard and e.g. can not be used as a pillow. These fiber balls, as described in EP-A-0.013.427, are suitable as filler material if the individual fiber balls are bound with a binder which ensures that the individual balls do not dissolve.
Beide Arten von bekannten Faserkugeln lassen sich im Vergleich zu einem Faservlies nur sehr schwierig gleichmäßig verteilen, wenn sie z.B. in eine Deckenhülle eingebracht werden sollen oder wenn sie als elastisches Polstermaterial mit gleicher Dicke über eine größere Fläche verteilt werden sollen.Compared to a nonwoven fabric, both types of known fiber balls are very difficult to distribute evenly if, for example, they are to be placed in a cover or if they are used as elastic cushioning material with the same thickness over a larger size Area to be distributed.
Aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten EP-A-0257658 sind Faserkugeln aus sphärisch verwickelten Fasern bekannt, die über die Kugelform nach außen vorstehende Faserenden aufweisen, wobei sich diese Faserenden in anderen Faserkugeln lösbar verhaken können.From the unpublished EP-A-0257658, fiber balls made of spherically entangled fibers are known which have fiber ends projecting outward beyond the spherical shape, these fiber ends being able to get detachably caught in other fiber balls.
Diese Bindefasern können zusätzlich zu den Faserkugeln in dem Aggregat vorliegen, gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weisen jedoch die einzelnen Faserkugeln selbst sowohl Bindefasern, als auch andere Fasern auf. Es können jedoch auch alle Fasern der einzelnen Faserkugeln Bindefasern sein.These binding fibers can be present in the aggregate in addition to the fiber balls, but according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the individual fiber balls themselves have both binding fibers and other fibers. However, all fibers of the individual fiber balls can also be binding fibers.
Diese Bindefasern sind bevorzugt schmelzende Fasern, die eine Anschmelztemperatur aufweisen, die kleiner ist, als die Anschmelztemperatur von anderen Fasern des Füllgutes. Diese Schmelzfasern können dann mittels Hitzezufuhr zum Anschmelzen gebracht werden, woraufhin diese mit anliegenden Fasern, seien es auch Schmelzfasern oder seien es andere Fasern, verkleben.These binding fibers are preferably melting fibers that have a melting temperature that is lower than the melting temperature of other fibers of the filling material. These fusible fibers can then be melted by applying heat, whereupon they adhere to adjacent fibers, be it fusible fibers or other fibers.
Die Bindefasern können auch thermoplastische Fasern, insbesondere wasserlösliche Fasern, z.B. Polyvinylalkoholfasern, sein, die durch Anlösen aktiviert werden und eine Verbindung mit anderen Fasern des Gesamt-Aggregates eingehen. Die Bindefasern können auch klebende Fasern sein.The binder fibers can also be thermoplastic fibers, especially water-soluble fibers, e.g. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers, which are activated by dissolving and form a connection with other fibers of the overall aggregate. The binding fibers can also be adhesive fibers.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die Bindefasern steifer und / oder gröber ausgebildet, als die anderen Fasern. Die Bindefasern, insbesondere, wenn sie Bestandteil der Faserkugeln sind, liegen dann nicht parallel zu den anderen Fasern der Faserkugeln, sondern sie können sogar aus den Faserkugeln herausstacheln. Es ist insbesondere dann möglich, die Faserkugeln nur über die herausstehenden Faserenden der Bindefasern miteinander zu verbinden, wodurch das aus den Faserkugeln gebildete Flächengebilde sehr anschmiegsam und drapierfähig wird. Bei der Verwendung des Aggregates als Füllmaterial für Bettdecken paßt sich dieses sehr gut der Körperform des darunter bedeckten Menschen an.According to one embodiment, the binding fibers are stiffer and / or coarser than the other fibers. The binding fibers, in particular if they are part of the fiber balls, are then not parallel to the other fibers of the fiber balls, but can even spur out of the fiber balls. It is then possible, in particular, to connect the fiber balls to one another only via the protruding fiber ends of the binding fibers, as a result of which the flat structure formed from the fiber balls becomes very conformable and drapable. When using the unit as a filling material for Duvets adapts very well to the body shape of the person covered underneath.
Sind die Bindefasern thermoplastische Fasern, insbesondere wasserlösliche Fasern, z.B. Polyvinylalkoholfasern, so können die Verbindungen z.B. nach dem Absteppen einer Bettdecke durch Waschen der fertigen Bettdecke wieder gelöst werden.Are the binding fibers thermoplastic fibers, especially water-soluble fibers, e.g. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers, the compounds can e.g. after quilting a duvet can be solved by washing the finished duvet.
Sind dabei die Verbindungen zwischen Faserkugeln jeweils einer Ebene anders ausgebildet, als die Verbindungen zwischen Faserkugeln zweier übereinanderliegender Ebenen, so kann z.B. die Verbindung zwischen den Ebenen gelöst werden, während die Verbindung zwischen den Faserkugeln einer Ebene bestehen bleibt. Der Benutzer hat es damit auch in der Hand, das Aggregat dünner auszubilden, als es ihm im Ursprungszustand geliefert wurde. Analoges gilt auch für räumlich verschieden ausgebildete Verbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Faserkugeln eines Aggregates.If the connections between fiber balls of one level each are different from the connections between fiber balls of two superimposed levels, e.g. the connection between the levels is released, while the connection between the fiber balls of a level remains. The user also has the power to make the unit thinner than it was delivered to it in its original state. The same applies analogously to spatially differently formed connections between the individual fiber balls of an aggregate.
Dies wird z.B. dadurch möglich, daß die Faserkugeln eines Flächengebildes mit einer oder mehrerer übereinanderliegender Ebenen durch Bindefasern miteinander verbunden sind, die in den Faserkugeln selbst angeordnet sind, sei es, daß die Enden dieser Bindefasern aus den Faserkugeln herausstacheln, oder sei es, daß die Faserkugeln eine Hülle aus anschmelzbaren Bindefasern aufweisen.This is e.g. possible that the fiber balls of a fabric with one or more superimposed planes are connected to each other by binding fibers, which are arranged in the fiber balls themselves, be it that the ends of these binding fibers spike out of the fiber balls, or it is that the fiber balls a shell from meltable binding fibers.
Darüber kann nun ein ähnlich ausgebildetes Flächengebilde angeordnet sein, wobei zwischen beiden eine Lage aus einzelnen anschmelzbaren Bindefasern angeordnet ist, durch die beide Flächengebilde miteinander verbunden werden. Sind dann nur diese einzelnen Bindefasern z.B. wasserlöslich, so kann durch Waschen des Aggregates das eine Flächengebilde wieder von dem anderen getrennt werden, ohne, daß sich die Flächengebilde als solches auflösen.A similarly shaped flat structure can now be arranged above, a layer of individual meltable binding fibers being arranged between the two, by means of which the two flat structures are connected to one another. Are then only these individual binding fibers e.g. water-soluble, washing the aggregate allows one sheet to be separated from the other without the sheet itself dissolving.
Die einzelnen Faserkugeln können aber auch überhaupt nur durch einzelne zusätzliche Bindefasern miteinander verbunden sein, die z.B. netzartig über und / oder unter eine Lage von Faserkugeln gelegt wurde und an dieser nach dem Anschmelzen ankleben.However, the individual fiber balls can only be connected to one another by individual additional binding fibers be connected, which was placed, for example, like a net over and / or under a layer of fiber balls and stick to it after melting.
Die Verbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Fasern verschiedener Faserkugeln können aber auch so locker ausgebildet werden, daß sich diese Verbindungen z.B. durch Klopfen einer Decke oder eines Kissens mit einem Klopfbesen lösen.The connections between the individual fibers of different fiber balls can also be designed so loosely that these connections e.g. solve by tapping a blanket or pillow with a tapping broom.
Es können auch Mischungen von Faserkugeln mit und ohne Binde-, d.h. schmelzenden, löslichen oder klebenden Fasern vorliegen, sodaß bestimmte Faserkugeln nur passiv angebunden werden.Mixtures of fiber balls with and without binding, i.e. melting, soluble or adhesive fibers are present, so that certain fiber balls are only passively attached.
Durch das Verbinden der vorher einzeln hergestellten Faserkugeln ist das die Faserkugeln enthaltende Aggregat roll-, bieg- und faltbar, sowie stauch- und zusammenschiebbar. Ein solches Aggregat kann auch ohne Umhüllung vielfältig gehandhabt werden. Insbesondere bietet sich eine solche Ausbildung für den Transport von Faserkugeln an. Auch kann innerhalb einer nicht abgesteppten Bettdecke das Aggregat durch Zusammenrollen oder Umfalten eines Endes dicker ausgebildet werden, sodaß z.B. im empfindlichen Fußbereich gewollt mehr Faserkugeln angeordnet sind, als in dem dem Kopf zugewandten Bereich. Dies kann vom Benutzer selbst vorgenommen werden. Wird dabei das eingerollte oder umgefaltete Ende noch festgeheftet, so bleibt dies auch nach dem Schütteln der Decke so. Mit Daunen oder den bekannten Faserkugeln ist dies vom Benutzer auf einfache Art und Weise nicht zu vollbringen.By connecting the previously individually produced fiber balls, the aggregate containing the fiber balls can be rolled, bent and folded, and pushed and pushed together. Such an aggregate can be handled in a variety of ways even without a casing. Such a training is particularly suitable for the transport of fiber balls. The unit can also be made thicker within a non-quilted bedspread by rolling up or folding over one end, so that e.g. more fiber balls are intentionally arranged in the sensitive foot area than in the area facing the head. This can be done by the user himself. If the rolled-up or folded end is still stapled, this remains the case even after shaking the blanket. With down or the well-known fiber balls, this is not easy for the user to accomplish.
Wie schon angedeutet kann das Aggregat in einer Hülle angeordnet sein. Dies kann z.B. eine Stoffhülle sein, wie sie für Bettdecken oder Kissen benutzt wird. Durch das vorherige Erstellen der Einlage, nämlich des erfindungsgemäßen Aggregates, kann dieses jede gewünschte Form und Dicke aufweisen und beibehalten. So kann eine solche Einlage am Fußende andere Fasern aufweisen und / oder dicker sein, als am Kopfende. Bisher hat man diese Dickenunterschiede durch Absteppen des Inlets erreicht, dabei jedoch Wärmebrücken im Bereich der Absteppungen erhalten. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Aggregat treten solche Nachteile nicht mehr auf. Eine solche Einlage kann auch mit der Innenseite der Hülle verbunden sein. Eine solche Verbindung kann mittels der Verbindungsfasern der Faserkugeln erhalten werden.As already indicated, the unit can be arranged in a casing. This can be, for example, a fabric cover such as that used for duvets or pillows. By creating the insert beforehand, namely the unit according to the invention, it can have and maintain any desired shape and thickness. Such an insert can have different fibers at the foot end and / or be thicker than at the head end. So far you have this Differences in thickness achieved by quilting the inlet, while maintaining thermal bridges in the area of the quilting. Such disadvantages no longer occur with the unit according to the invention. Such an insert can also be connected to the inside of the cover. Such a connection can be obtained by means of the connecting fibers of the fiber balls.
Die Faserkugeln können auch auf einem Träger angeordnet und mit diesem verbunden sein. Bei dem Bodenbelag gemäß der obengenannten EP-A-0.013.427 werden die Faserkugeln durch den angewandten Vernadelungsvorgang sehr stark zusammengepreßt. Dies ist bei einem erfindungsgemäßen an einen Träger geklebten Aggregat nicht mehr der Fall.The fiber balls can also be arranged on and connected to a carrier. In the floor covering according to EP-A-0.013.427 mentioned above, the fiber balls are very strongly compressed by the needling process used. This is no longer the case with an assembly according to the invention glued to a carrier.
Eine solche Hülle bzw. der Träger kann aus einem Gewebe oder aus einer Perforationen aufweisenden, vorzugsweise aus einem Kunststoff bestehende Folie bestehen. Eine solche Folie kann z.B. eine geschlitzte und zu einem Netz geschrumpfte Kunststoffolie sein, wie sie unter der Marke "XIRONET" von der Firma XIRO AG, CH-3185 Schmitten vertrieben wird. Ein solches Netz wird bei Hitzeeinwirkung klebrig, sodaß die Faserkugeln an diesem Netz durch Hitzeeinwirkung verklebt werden können. Die Faserkugeln brauchen dann selbst nicht klebfähig oder anschmelzbar sein bzw. sie brauchen nicht angeschmolzen zu werden. Ein solches Netz kann auch unter Einwirkung von Druck aktiviert werden.Such a shell or the carrier can consist of a fabric or of a perforated film, preferably made of a plastic. Such a film can e.g. be a slotted plastic film shrunk into a net, as it is sold under the brand "XIRONET" by the company XIRO AG, CH-3185 Schmitten. Such a net becomes sticky when exposed to heat, so that the fiber balls can be glued to this net by exposure to heat. The fiber balls then do not need to be adhesive or fusible, or they need not be fused. Such a network can also be activated under the influence of pressure.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die der Hülle bzw. dem Träger benachbarten Faserkugeln nur mit dieser über Bindefasern verbunden.According to one embodiment, the fiber balls adjacent to the shell or the carrier are only connected to it via binding fibers.
Die Faserkugeln sind z.B. an der Hülle bzw. dem Träger angeklebt, angenäht, angenadelt oder angesteppt.The fiber balls are e.g. glued, sewn, needled or stitched onto the cover or the carrier.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung kann das Aggregat selbst eine Hülle bilden. In diese Hülle können lose Faserkugeln, Einzelfasern, Faservliese, vorzugsweise aber ein nichtfaserhaltiges Material gefüllt sein. Bei letzterem kann es ich um Daunen oder Federn oder auch um feste Partikel, wie Aktivkohlepartikel oder -pulver, Ionentauscher, Sand, Samenkörner, Dünger od.dgl. handeln.Due to the inventive design, the unit itself can form a shell. Loose fiber balls, individual fibers, non-woven fabrics, but preferably a non-fiber-containing material can be filled into this envelope. The latter can be down or feathers or even solid particles such as activated carbon particles or powder, ion exchanger, sand, seeds, fertilizer or the like. act.
Das erfindungsgemäße Aggregat besteht mindestens aus einer Lage von Faserkugeln. Diese Faserkugeln müssen einander berühren, um miteinander verbunden zu werden. Diese Lage muß also relativ geschlossen sein.The unit according to the invention consists of at least one layer of fiber balls. These fiber balls have to touch each other to be connected. This situation must therefore be relatively closed.
Es können Faserkugeln unterschiedlichen Durchmessers, unterschiedlicher Farbe oder mit unterschiedlichen Fasern verwendet werden. Somit läßt sich eine große Gestaltungsvielfalt des gewünschten Aggregates erreichen. Eine so große Gestaltungsvielfalt ist mit den bekannten Faservliesen od.dgl. nicht erreichbar.Fiber balls of different diameters, different colors or with different fibers can be used. A large variety of designs of the desired unit can thus be achieved. Such a large variety of designs or the like is known with the known nonwovens. not reachable.
Die Faserkugeln des Aggregates können nun auch selbst mit einem insbesondere körnigen Material gefüllt sein. Es kann aber auch zwischen den Faserkugeln weiteres, insbesondere körniges Material angeordnet sein. Dabei kann es sich um die gleichen Materialien handeln, die oben schon im Rahmen des Füllens der durch die Faserkugeln gebildeten Hülle genannt wurden. Bei diesem Material kann es sich aber auch um in bzw. zwischen den Faserkugeln enthaltenes Material, wie Moor, Lehm, Kräuterpulver, Kaolin, Mandelkleie, Creme od.dgl. handeln.The fiber balls of the unit can now also be filled with a particularly granular material. However, further, in particular granular, material can also be arranged between the fiber balls. These can be the same materials that were mentioned above in the context of filling the envelope formed by the fiber balls. This material can also be material contained in or between the fiber balls, such as bog, clay, herbal powder, kaolin, almond bran, cream or the like. act.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Herstellen von Aggregaten aus Faserkugeln besteht darin, eine Ansammlung von nach den bekannten Verfahren aus sphärisch verwickelten Fasern und / oder Fäden hergestellte und bestehende Faserkugeln in einer gewünschten Form anzuordnen und diese Faserkugeln miteinander zu verbinden.The method according to the invention for producing aggregates from fiber balls consists of arranging a collection of fiber balls produced and made from spherically entangled fibers and / or threads using the known methods and arranging them in a desired shape and connecting these fiber balls to one another.
Vorteilhafterweise werden dabei die Faserkugeln mittels Verbindungsfasern, bei denen es sich bevorzugt um Bindefasern handelt, die nach dem Informbringen aktiviert werden, verbunden. Es können Bindefasern enthaltende Faserkugeln oder auch gesonderte, zwischen die Faserkugeln eingebrachte Bindefasern verwendet werden.Advantageously, the fiber balls are connected by means of connecting fibers, which are preferably binding fibers that are activated after the informing. Fiber balls containing binding fibers or separate binding fibers inserted between the fiber balls can be used.
Als Bindefasern können Schmelzfasern verwendet werden, wobei die in der gewünschten Form angeordneten Faserkugeln einer erhöhten Temperatur, vorzugsweise mindestens der Schmelztemperatur der Bindefasern unterworfen werden.Melting fibers can be used as binding fibers, the fiber balls arranged in the desired shape preferably at an elevated temperature be subjected to at least the melting temperature of the binding fibers.
Vor dem Anordnen der Kugeln zu einer gewünschten Form können weitere Materialien in die Faserkugeln eingebracht werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, während des Anordnens der Faserkugeln in einer gewünschten Form zwischen den Faserkugeln noch weitere, insbesondere körnige Materialien anzuordnen. Darüberhinaus oder alternativ können nach dem Aktivieren der Bindefasern noch weitere Materialien in den bzw. zwischen den Faserkugeln angeordnet werden.Before arranging the balls into a desired shape, further materials can be introduced into the fiber balls. However, it is also possible to arrange further, in particular granular, materials between the fiber balls during the arrangement of the fiber balls in a desired shape. In addition or alternatively, after activating the binding fibers, further materials can be arranged in or between the fiber balls.
Während z.B. mit Faservliesen nur dann bestimmte Flächenformen erreicht werden können, wenn nach der Vliesherstellung nicht gewünschte Vliesflächenabschnitte aus- oder abgeschnitten werden, können nun die Faserkugeln vor dem Aktivieren der Bindefasern in eine gewünschte Form gebracht werden. Gemäß dem neuen Verfahren lassen sich auch Fasern in jeder gewünschten Raumform herstellen. So können Formen mit den Faserkugeln gefüllt werden, woraufhin die Bindefasern aktiviert und ein der Form entsprechendes Raumgebilde der Form entnommen werden kann.While e.g. With nonwoven fabrics, certain surface shapes can only be achieved if non-desired nonwoven surface sections are cut or cut after the nonwoven production, the fiber balls can now be brought into a desired shape before activating the binding fibers. According to the new process, fibers can also be produced in any desired spatial shape. In this way, molds can be filled with the fiber balls, whereupon the binding fibers are activated and a spatial structure corresponding to the shape can be removed from the mold.
Es lassen sich auch Filter herstellen, wobei entsprechend der Filterform z.B. eine Lage großer Faserkugeln abgelegt werden, auf die als eigentlicher Filter kleinere Faserkugeln oder auch z.B. Aktivkohle als Filtermaterial gegeben wird, woraufhin diese zweite Schicht wiederum mit größeren Faserkugeln abgedeckt wird. Dabei kann am Rand der eigentlichen Filterschicht ein Ring aus Faserkugeln gelegt werden, der ein seitliches Herausfallen der Aktivkohleteilchen od.dgl. verhindert. Solche Filter können jegliche Form annehmen, ohne daß dabei - wie bei solchen aus Faservliesen hergestellten Filtern - ein Verschnitt übrig bleibt.Filters can also be manufactured, with e.g. a layer of large fiber balls is placed on which smaller fiber balls as the actual filter or also e.g. Activated carbon is given as a filter material, whereupon this second layer is in turn covered with larger fiber balls. A ring of fiber balls can be placed on the edge of the actual filter layer, which prevents the activated carbon particles from falling out laterally or the like. prevented. Such filters can take any shape without leaving a waste - as is the case with filters made from nonwoven fabrics.
Je nach Druck, der auf die Faserkugeln vor dem Aktivieren der Bindefasern gegeben wird, kann auch die Dichte und damit auch die Härte eines solchen Aggregates eingestellt werden.Depending on the pressure that is applied to the fiber balls before activating the binding fibers, the density and thus also the hardness of such an aggregate can be adjusted.
Insbesondere können Faserkugeln verschiedener Farbe, Größe, Härte, Dichte und / oder mit verschiedenen Fasern in einem solchen Aggregat gemischt werden. Durch insbesondere zusätzliche Hitzeeinwirkung nur auf die Außenbereiche des Aggregates kann eine Außenschicht geschaffen werden, in der im wesentlichen alle Fasern innig miteinander verbunden sind, wodurch sich eine härtere und dichtere Schale des Aggregates ergibt, die gegebenenfalls bedruckt wird. Insbesondere herbei reicht es auch aus, nur die im Bereich der Schale angeordneten Faserkugeln miteinander zu verbinden, da die im Kern befindlichen Faserkugeln durch die Schale gehalten werden.In particular, fiber balls of different colors, Size, hardness, density and / or mixed with different fibers in such an aggregate. By means of in particular additional heat only on the outer areas of the unit, an outer layer can be created in which essentially all of the fibers are intimately connected to one another, resulting in a harder and denser shell of the unit, which may be printed. In particular, it is also sufficient to connect only the fiber balls arranged in the area of the shell, since the fiber balls located in the core are held by the shell.
Dadurch, daß bei dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren nicht einzelne Fasern, sondern Faserkugeln miteinander verbunden werden, enthält ein solches Aggregat einen sehr großen Luftanteil. Ein solches Aggregat ist dadurch auch sehr elastisch. Die Elastizität kann noch dadurch erhöht werden, daß Faserkugeln verwendet werden, in denen die einzelnen Fasern der Faserkugel untereinander verbunden sind, sodaß schon die verwendeten Faserkugeln eine höhere Elastizität aufweisen.The fact that in the proposed method not individual fibers but fiber balls are connected to each other, such an aggregate contains a very large amount of air. Such an assembly is also very elastic. The elasticity can be increased further by using fiber balls in which the individual fibers of the fiber ball are interconnected, so that the fiber balls used already have a higher elasticity.
Claims (33)
- Aggregate containing fibres and forming a filling material for coverings or pillows or cushions, as an upholstery material or as a filter, characterised in that fibre balls comprising spherically wound fibres and/or threads are connected together by means of connecting activated binding fibres.
- Aggregate according to claim 1 characterised in that the fibre balls are connected together through connecting fibres arranged in the individual fibre balls.
- Aggregate according to the preceding claim characterised in that the individual fibre balls have connecting fibres and other fibres.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the fibre balls are connected together through additional connecting fibres arranged between the individual fibre balls.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the connecting fibres are meltable fibres which have a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of other fibres of the aggregate.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the connecting fibres are soluble fibres.
- Aggregate according to the preceding claim characterised in that the connecting fibres are thermoplastic fibres, in particular water-soluble fibres, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol fibres.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the connecting fibres are adhesive fibres.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the connecting fibres are made stiffer and/or coarser than the other fibres of the aggregate.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the connections between the individual fibre balls are detachable, in particular certain predetermined connections are detachable.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the aggregate containing the fibre balls can be rolled, bent, folded, squashed and squeezed together.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the aggregate is arranged in a casing or shell and is connected to the inside of the latter, preferably adhesively.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the fibre balls are arranged on a carrier.
- Aggregate according to one of the two preceding claims characterised in that the casing or sleeve or the carrier comprises a woven fabric.
- Aggregate according to claim 12 or 13 characterised in that the sleeve or carrier comprises a foil or film, preferably of plastics, having perforations in it.
- Aggregate according to the preceding claim characterised in that the sheet is a film of plastics foil slit and shrunk to form a net.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the fibre balls which are adjacent to the sleeve or the carrier are connected to it solely through connecting fibres.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the fibre balls are stuck, sewn or quilted to the sleeve or carrier.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the aggregate itself forms a sleeve or casing.
- Aggregate according to the preceding claim characterised in that the sleeve or casing is filled with another material, preferably a non-fibre-containing material.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that it comprises at least one layer of fibre balls.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that fibre balls of different diameter, different colours or having different fibres are employed.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the fibre balls are filled with a material, in particular a granular material.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that additional material, in particular granular material, is arranged between the fibre balls.
- Aggregate according to one of the two preceding claims characterised in that the granular material is an ion exchanger, active carbon particles or powder, seed grains, fertilizer or the like.
- Aggregate according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that the material contained in and/or between the fibre balls is peat, loam, vegetable powder, kaolin, ground almonds, custard or the like.
- Method of manufacturing aggregates of fibre balls according to one of the foregoing claims characterised in that a collection of fibre balls comprising spherically wound fibres and/or threads is arranged in a desired form and these fibre balls are connected together by means of connecting fibres by which is meant binding fibres, which are activated after being formed.
- Method according to the preceding claim characterised in that fibre balls containing binding fibres are employed.
- Method according to claim 27 or 28 characterised in that the binding fibres together with the fibre balls are arranged in a desired shape or mould.
- Method according to one of claims 27 to 29 characterised in that meltable fibres are employed as the binding fibres and the fibre balls arranged in the desired form are subjected to an elevated temperature, preferably at least the melting temperature of the binding fibres.
- Method according to one of the foregoing claims 27 to 30 characterised in that further materials are introduced into the fibre balls before the balls are arranged in the desired form.
- Method according to one of the foregoing claims 27 to 31 characterised in that during the arrangement of the fibre balls into a desired form still further materials, in particular granular materials, are arranged between the fibre balls.
- Method according to one of the foregoing claims 27 to 32 characterised in that still further materials are arranged in and/or between the fibre balls after the binding fibres are activated.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88100329T ATE88513T1 (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1988-01-12 | AGGREGATE CONTAINING FIBERS AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873700680 DE3700680A1 (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1987-01-12 | Filling material, which contains fibre balls, in particular for quilts or as upholstering material |
DE3700680 | 1987-01-12 | ||
CH969/87A CH678786B5 (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1987-03-16 | |
CH969/87 | 1987-03-16 | ||
CH3157/87 | 1987-08-17 | ||
CH3157/87A CH675118A5 (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1987-08-17 | Filling material with fibre balls for quilts etc. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0276682A2 EP0276682A2 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
EP0276682A3 EP0276682A3 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
EP0276682B1 true EP0276682B1 (en) | 1993-04-21 |
Family
ID=27172564
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880100329 Expired - Lifetime EP0276682B1 (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1988-01-12 | Aggregate containing fibres, and method for making it |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4917943A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0276682B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1303837C (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5169580A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1992-12-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bonded non-woven polyester fiber structures |
CH679370A5 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1992-02-14 | Tesch G H | |
US4957794A (en) * | 1990-01-02 | 1990-09-18 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Aramid fluff |
US5134016A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-07-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fiber reinforced porous sheets |
US5194106A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-03-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of making fiber reinforced porous sheets |
WO1996002693A1 (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-02-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fiber clusters molding process and equipment |
US6063317A (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2000-05-16 | Oakwood Padded Products, Inc. | Method for molding polymeric fibers into products |
US6329051B1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2001-12-11 | Albany International Corp. | Blowable insulation clusters |
US6329052B1 (en) * | 1999-04-27 | 2001-12-11 | Albany International Corp. | Blowable insulation |
US6878193B2 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2005-04-12 | James W. Kasmark, Jr. | Filter material and method of making same |
US7790639B2 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2010-09-07 | Albany International Corp. | Blowable insulation clusters made of natural material |
WO2009011905A1 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Leonard Kosinski | Plant growth medium |
EP3215663B1 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2021-09-29 | The North Face Apparel Corp. | Constructs for distribution of fill material |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3717532A (en) * | 1970-12-24 | 1973-02-20 | E Kamp | Method and apparatus for producing controllably oriented fibrous product |
US4065599A (en) * | 1972-01-19 | 1977-12-27 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Spherical object useful as filler material |
US3892909A (en) * | 1973-05-10 | 1975-07-01 | Qst Industries | Synthetic down |
US4131704A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1978-12-26 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Nonwoven fabric comprising needled and selectively fused fine and coarse filaments having differing softening temperatures which is useful as a backing in the production of tufted materials |
US4237180A (en) * | 1976-01-08 | 1980-12-02 | Jaskowski Michael C | Insulation material and process for making the same |
NZ183944A (en) * | 1976-05-08 | 1980-04-28 | Chisso Corp | Production of hollow cylindrical fibrous articles articles stabilized by hot melt adhesion of constituent composite fibres |
US4157275A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1979-06-05 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Polyvinyl alcohol fibers containing acicular colloidal clay |
CH625931B (en) * | 1979-01-09 | 1900-01-01 | Breveteam Sa | TEXTILE AREA AND ITS USE. |
EP0013427B1 (en) * | 1979-01-09 | 1984-05-16 | S.A. Breveteam | Spherical fibrous aggregate |
US4618531A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-10-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyester fiberfill and process |
US4540625A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1985-09-10 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Flexible air permeable non-woven fabric filters |
CH676358A5 (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1991-01-15 | Breveteam Sa |
-
1988
- 1988-01-11 CA CA 556212 patent/CA1303837C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-12 US US07/143,028 patent/US4917943A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-12 EP EP19880100329 patent/EP0276682B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0276682A2 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
US4917943A (en) | 1990-04-17 |
EP0276682A3 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
CA1303837C (en) | 1992-06-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0013428B1 (en) | Textile fabric and its use | |
EP0276682B1 (en) | Aggregate containing fibres, and method for making it | |
DE60007976T2 (en) | BULKY INSULATING FIBER UNITS | |
DE2722429A1 (en) | BREATHABLE LINING WITH SHAPE EFFECT | |
EP0491918B1 (en) | Fiber aggregates used as moulding or padding material for textiles, such as covers, clothes or the like | |
DE2856902A1 (en) | INTER-LINING FIBROUS MATERIAL | |
EP3133196B1 (en) | Volume nonwoven fabric | |
DE1560695B2 (en) | Cover fabric made of an intermediate layer and two non-woven cover layers | |
DE1106285B (en) | Non-woven washable fiber | |
CH675118A5 (en) | Filling material with fibre balls for quilts etc. | |
DE102009005783B4 (en) | Method for making a cassette top bed and cassette top bed | |
EP3758560B1 (en) | Covering, in particular quilt | |
EP2465390A1 (en) | Duvet, sleeping bag, clothing, pillow with heat and moisture dispersing structure fitted to the body and manufacture of these products | |
EP0073919B1 (en) | Use of a laminated flat article as textile material | |
DE60031487T2 (en) | Gel-like composite nonwoven fabric | |
DE1929346C (en) | Filling for blankets, pillows and the like in the form of flakes and processes for their manufacture | |
AT7972U1 (en) | MATERIAL COMPOSITION FOR BEDDING AND SEATING | |
DE2750511C2 (en) | ||
DE8427142U1 (en) | UPHOLSTERY FLEECE | |
DE7734648U1 (en) | WASHABLE TEXTILE PILLOW | |
DE1560856A1 (en) | Non-woven textile fabric and process for its manufacture | |
DE10028491A1 (en) | Filling material for car seats is given preset thickness through needling and heat treatment | |
DE102021116746A1 (en) | Process for the production of a highly extensible and elastic non-woven fabric and non-woven fabric produced by this process and its use | |
DE7441236U (en) | MATTRESS PAD | |
DE2123158A1 (en) | Composite foam and fibre laminate mfr - from waste foam particles esp polyurethane useful for upholstery etc |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19891130 |
|
DIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (deleted) | ||
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: TESCH, GUENTER |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: TESCH, GUENTER |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19910904 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19930421 Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19930421 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 88513 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19930515 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19930426 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3880331 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19930527 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19951215 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19970131 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: TESCH GUNTER Effective date: 19970131 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19971203 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990112 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19990129 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000801 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20000801 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20001120 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20001121 Year of fee payment: 14 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20001121 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020112 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020112 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20020112 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020930 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20051128 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20060215 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070131 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070801 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |