EP0275561A2 - Procédé et appareil de fabrication de pignons coniques - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de fabrication de pignons coniques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275561A2
EP0275561A2 EP87119353A EP87119353A EP0275561A2 EP 0275561 A2 EP0275561 A2 EP 0275561A2 EP 87119353 A EP87119353 A EP 87119353A EP 87119353 A EP87119353 A EP 87119353A EP 0275561 A2 EP0275561 A2 EP 0275561A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
dies
press ram
blank
mandrel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87119353A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0275561A3 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Dipl.-Ing. Adams
Eckart Prof.Dr.-Ing. Doege
Gottfried Dr.-Ing. Hartke
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0275561A2 publication Critical patent/EP0275561A2/fr
Publication of EP0275561A3 publication Critical patent/EP0275561A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing bevel gears according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a corresponding device according to the preamble of patent claim 7.
  • bevel gears which are used in the differential gear of motor vehicles, by precision forging. Such bevel gears are currently only mass-produced for some commercial vehicles and sports cars. Commercial vehicles have a longer service life than bevel gears manufactured by machining; in sports car construction, forged bevel gears allow an increase in vehicle drive power with the same transmission dimensions. Forged bevel gears have so far not been used in series production of passenger cars because they are compared are more expensive to cut wheels. The reason for the higher manufacturing costs is that forged bevel gears still require post-treatment. In differential gears, the bevel gears have spherical back surfaces to achieve a compact size.
  • the material of the blank flows through the closing movement of the dies. This creates a ridge between the back surfaces of the teeth, so that the gaps on the back are closed off by the ridge.
  • the ribs of the dies that produce the tooth gaps are subject to high wear due to the particularly high flow velocities and contact pressures.
  • the gears are forged with an oversize in the tip diameter and in the back taper angle. This excess, the size of which changes as the dies wear out, is removed when the forging burr is subsequently turned off, and the dome-shaped back surface is shaped at the same time.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, which enables the dimensional manufacture of bevel gears by forging with little material and rework.
  • the die cavity enclosed by the dies, in which the blank is arranged is closed largely without force. This means that the two dies are placed against one another before the blank is substantially deformed or before any deformation takes place. It is important that the material flow of the blank has not yet reached the closing gap when it is already completely closed. When the closing gap is closed, no material can flow into it, so that any burr formation at the ends of the tooth gaps is avoided. On the other hand, a material flow into the closing gap is avoided as a result of the completely closed closing gap, so that no narrow flow paths arise in which high flow speeds occur, with the result of high wear.
  • the generation of the teeth takes place only after the die cavity has been completely closed.
  • the press ram is advanced after the die is closed.
  • the press ram moves the blank in the direction of the tooth engraving, as a result of which the material of the blank penetrates into all the mold cavities. It is particularly advantageous that the die that contains the press die is largely relieved of the pressure of the blank by the press die. This reduces the frictional shear stresses acting on the die, which makes it easier to fill the engraving and reduces die wear.
  • Claims 2 to 7 relate to advantageous developments of the method according to the invention.
  • the blank provides enough material for filling the die cavity so that this mold cavity can be completely filled and the shape of the bevel gear produced corresponds exactly to that of the die cavity.
  • This not only fills the gearing engraving in the correct shape, but also the back surface of the bevel gear is made to size, so that post-processing is not necessary.
  • Machining may be necessary in the center channel of the bevel gear to prepare it for the assembly of a shaft, e.g. a broaching operation to produce a spline profile.
  • the center channel already has a cross-section suitable for the rotationally fixed reception of a shaft in the region of the blind hole created as a result of the pressing process.
  • the press ram should be advanced so far that its front end lies approximately in the plane in which the die cavity has the largest diameter. In the case of bevel gears with a spherical back surface, this plane is located approximately in the middle of the length of the die cavity. Such a maximum feed position of the press ram ensures that the outermost regions of the die cavity can be completely filled with the material of the blank.
  • the blank is preferably supported with a mandrel in relation to the press ram. Together with the press ram, the mandrel creates a flow gap from which the material of the blank is pressed out laterally.
  • the mandrel is either stationary during the feed movement of the press ram, or it is pushed towards it by a separate drive in addition to the feed movement of the press ram. Its cross-section can be non-round to create a non-circular blind hole (eg spline profile) to receive a shaft in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the process is preferably carried out as hot pressing, the blank being heated to approximately 1100 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • This scale-free heating of the forming, cutting by sintering or casting produces an average roughness depth of less than 8 ⁇ m.
  • the blank is inserted into the die, the blank is briefly exposed to the atmosphere, which forms an oxide film on its surface that acts as a release agent between the tool and the workpiece.
  • a heat treatment can be carried out using the forging heat. By quenching the areas close to the surface and controlled dissipation of the residual heat, the edge zone of the back surface and running gear can be martensitically transformed and the core areas can be kept in a soft structural state.
  • the invention further relates to a device for the production of bevel gears with the features of claim 7.
  • This device offers, in addition to the advantages already mentioned above, the further advantage that the dies do not require any complex and mechanically strong guidance relative to one another, because the main part of the Deformation occurs when the die is completely closed.
  • bevel gears can be produced, the back surface of which has the shape of a spherical cap.
  • Such bevel gears are used, for example, for the differential gear of motor vehicles.
  • the die form consists of a lower die 10 and an upper die 11. Both dies 10, 11 have flat closing surfaces 12, which are pressed flat against each other when the die form is closed and surround the die cavity in an annular manner. Part of the die cavity is formed in the lower die 10. This cavity part 13 has the shape of a spherical cap, which is open to the closing surface 12. The upper die 11 forms the tooth engraving. In its cavity part 14 inwardly projecting ribs 15 are formed, which the tooth gaps between the teeth of the to be manufactured Shape bevel gear. The ribs 15 are frustoconical and their height increases in the direction of the lower die 10.
  • the end faces 15a of the ribs 15 protrude beyond the closing surface 12 of the upper die 11 and have a spherical contour which is matched to that of the wall of the cavity part 13, so that the end faces 15a close and cover the entire surface of the cavity part 13 when the die shape is closed invest.
  • a guide web 16 running annularly around the associated cavity part 14, which can engage in a suitable manner in a guide groove 17 in the closing surface 12 of the lower die 10.
  • the guide web 16 and the guide groove 17 form interlocking guide means to hold the dies 10, 11 in the final phase of the closing movement and in the closed state in a fixed mutual association.
  • the press used to close the die therefore does not need to have a large linear guide.
  • a press ram 19 can be displaced along the central axis of the die cavity 13, 14 and transversely to the closing surfaces 12.
  • a mandrel 21 is displaceable in a channel 20 of the upper die 11 that is axially aligned with the channel 18.
  • the mandrel 21 has essentially the same diameter as the press ram 19, but the diameter of the mandrel 21 can also be somewhat smaller if the base points of the ribs 15 which surround the mandrel 21 make this necessary.
  • the blank 22 is inserted into the lower die.
  • This blank has a frustoconical section 22a with a spherical back surface 22b and a shaft 22c adjoining the back surface 22b.
  • the diameter of the shaft 22c is roughly matched to that of the channel 18 which receives the shaft.
  • the back surface 22b lies completely on the surface of the cavity part 13.
  • the conical part 22a in the present exemplary embodiment is of such a shape and size that it fills the die cavity 13, 14 when the die is closed (FIG. 2), with the exception of the spaces between the Ribs 15.
  • the lateral surface of the conical part 22a therefore bears against the tips of the teeth 15, while the back 22b bears against the wall of the cavity part 13.
  • the front of the blank 22 has a blind hole 22d, into which the front end of the mandrel 21 dips when the mold is closed.
  • the die form 10, 11 can be closed without force when the blank 22 is inserted, that is to say without any deformation of the blank taking place. As a result, the closing gap 23 formed by the closing surfaces 12 is reduced to zero before the start of the deformation of the blank.
  • the press ram 19 is in the retracted position, in which it rests on the end face of the shaft 22c. During the entire process, the mandrel 21 remains in the same position in which its front end projects into the die cavity 13, 14.
  • the press ram 19 is advanced in the direction of the die cavity 13, 14 (FIG. 3), namely deep into the die cavity 13, 14.
  • the front end of the press ram 19 is at a short distance from the front end of the mandrel 21, and between the press ram 19th and mandrel 21, an intermediate base 24 forms inside the bevel gear 25 to be produced.
  • the intermediate floor 24 which results after the end position of the press ram 19 has been reached, is located approximately at the height of the largest diameter of the die cavity. At the level of the intermediate floor 24, a flow sheath is formed, from which the flow directions indicated by arrows in FIG. 3 branch off laterally. At the level of the intermediate floor 24, the material flow has the greatest lateral reach.
  • the die mold is opened and the bevel gear 25 is ejected from the upper die 11 by advancing the mandrel 21.
  • the intermediate base 24 can then be removed in a hole operation and the through hole formed can be processed.
  • an out-of-round press ram and mandrel can also be used, with which blind holes with a spline cross section can be produced, for example, so that the introduction of a spline profile after the intermediate floor has been punched out can be omitted by machining processes.
  • the mandrel 21 penetrates into the blank 22 when the die shape is closed.
  • the blank 22 does not have to be designed in its conical surface so that the die shape can be closed without force. It is only important that the material flow has not yet reached the closing gap 23 when the fully closed state has been reached.
  • the diameter of the channel 18 is significantly smaller than the maximum diameter of the die cavity 13, 14.
  • the high pressing forces exerted by the ram are laterally deflected inside the blank by the mandrel 21.
  • the diameter of the press ram 19 should be a maximum of 0.4 times, preferably 0.3 times the largest diameter of the die cavity.
  • mandrel 21 is fixed during the forging process, its position relative to the upper die 11 should be changeable in order to be able to influence the thickness of the intermediate floor 24 which results and in particular to be able to change the position of the flow sheath. Such changes are useful for optimizing the forging process.
  • the bevel gears manufactured in the die form have received their outer contour from the die shape. Machining the outer contour is no longer necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP87119353A 1987-01-22 1987-12-30 Procédé et appareil de fabrication de pignons coniques Withdrawn EP0275561A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3701703 1987-01-22
DE19873701703 DE3701703A1 (de) 1987-01-22 1987-01-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von kegelraedern

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0275561A2 true EP0275561A2 (fr) 1988-07-27
EP0275561A3 EP0275561A3 (fr) 1990-03-28

Family

ID=6319251

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87119353A Withdrawn EP0275561A3 (fr) 1987-01-22 1987-12-30 Procédé et appareil de fabrication de pignons coniques

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0275561A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3701703A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5245851A (en) * 1989-09-19 1993-09-21 M.H. Center Limited Differential pinion, metal mold for plastic working the same, and method for plastic working with the metal mold
FR2834763A1 (fr) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-18 Mecaniques Et Ind Speciales At Pignon planetaire de differentiel et son procede de fabrication
DE102004058372B4 (de) * 2004-12-03 2008-10-09 Daimler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Bearbeitung
CN103419002A (zh) * 2013-07-31 2013-12-04 霍山汇能汽车零部件制造有限公司 大模数高凸台伞齿轮的温冷精密成形方法
DE112012000291B4 (de) * 2011-02-24 2017-08-31 Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. Zahnteil-Herstellungsverfahren und Zahnteil-Herstellungsvorrichtung
DE102019006975A1 (de) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-08 Neumayer Tekfor Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Erhebungen in einem Werkstück, Vorrichtung und Produkt
CN114653887A (zh) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-24 苏州宝业锻造有限公司 一种风电高速级齿轮的锻造方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3309344B2 (ja) * 1993-05-26 2002-07-29 日鍛バルブ株式会社 センタ穴付き歯車の製造方法
DE102005024908B4 (de) * 2005-05-31 2017-11-09 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kegelrads
DE102011106705A1 (de) 2011-07-06 2012-03-08 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Antriebsrads und Rohling für selbiges
DE102012017525B4 (de) 2011-09-10 2022-04-28 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur umformenden Herstellung eines Zahnrads mit Außenverzahnung, sowie nach diesem Verfahren herstellbares Zahnrad mit Außenverzahnung
DE102011088862A1 (de) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Cdp Bharat Forge Gmbh Verfahren zum Umformen von Schmiedeteilen

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE563515C (de) * 1932-11-05 Rudolf Suchoparek Herstellung von Zahnradtrieblingen
FR1148184A (fr) * 1944-07-14 1957-12-04 Kabel Und Metallwerke Neumeyer Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces d'ouvrage dentées, notamment en acier
DE2446413B2 (de) * 1974-09-28 1978-04-13 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Vorrichtung zum spanlosen Herstellen von Kegelzahnrädern
US4299112A (en) * 1977-10-20 1981-11-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Wako Method and device for producing synchronizer ring
JPS58122146A (ja) * 1982-01-16 1983-07-20 Kawasaki Yukou Kk かさ歯車の閉塞鍛造方法
US4433568A (en) * 1980-05-21 1984-02-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Wako Precision closed-die forging method
JPS6018248A (ja) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-30 Kawasaki Yukou Kk ベベルギアの鍛造法
US4712411A (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-12-15 Clevite Industries Inc. Apparatus for making a forged metal article

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1220845A (en) * 1968-05-31 1971-01-27 Sataro Tokushima Method of producing steel products from scraps
JPS5468753A (en) * 1977-11-11 1979-06-02 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Forging method for bevel gear
JPS5691951A (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-07-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd Production of bevel gear

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE563515C (de) * 1932-11-05 Rudolf Suchoparek Herstellung von Zahnradtrieblingen
FR1148184A (fr) * 1944-07-14 1957-12-04 Kabel Und Metallwerke Neumeyer Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces d'ouvrage dentées, notamment en acier
DE2446413B2 (de) * 1974-09-28 1978-04-13 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Vorrichtung zum spanlosen Herstellen von Kegelzahnrädern
US4299112A (en) * 1977-10-20 1981-11-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Wako Method and device for producing synchronizer ring
US4433568A (en) * 1980-05-21 1984-02-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Wako Precision closed-die forging method
JPS58122146A (ja) * 1982-01-16 1983-07-20 Kawasaki Yukou Kk かさ歯車の閉塞鍛造方法
JPS6018248A (ja) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-30 Kawasaki Yukou Kk ベベルギアの鍛造法
US4712411A (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-12-15 Clevite Industries Inc. Apparatus for making a forged metal article

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 7, Nr. 230 (M-249)[1375], 12. Oktober 1983; & JP-A-58 122 146 (KAWASAKI YUKOU K.K.) 20-07-1983 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 9, Nr. 135 (M-386)[1858], 11. Juni 1985; & JP-A-60 018 248 (KAWASAKI YUKOU K.K.) 30-01-1985 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5245851A (en) * 1989-09-19 1993-09-21 M.H. Center Limited Differential pinion, metal mold for plastic working the same, and method for plastic working with the metal mold
FR2834763A1 (fr) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-18 Mecaniques Et Ind Speciales At Pignon planetaire de differentiel et son procede de fabrication
WO2003060351A1 (fr) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-24 Ateliers Mecaniques Et Industries Speciales Pignon planetaire de differentiel et son procede de fabrication
DE102004058372B4 (de) * 2004-12-03 2008-10-09 Daimler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Bearbeitung
DE112012000291B4 (de) * 2011-02-24 2017-08-31 Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. Zahnteil-Herstellungsverfahren und Zahnteil-Herstellungsvorrichtung
CN103419002A (zh) * 2013-07-31 2013-12-04 霍山汇能汽车零部件制造有限公司 大模数高凸台伞齿轮的温冷精密成形方法
CN103419002B (zh) * 2013-07-31 2016-03-02 霍山汇能汽车零部件制造有限公司 大模数高凸台伞齿轮的温冷精密成形方法
DE102019006975A1 (de) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-08 Neumayer Tekfor Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Erhebungen in einem Werkstück, Vorrichtung und Produkt
WO2021069001A1 (fr) 2019-10-08 2021-04-15 Neumayer Tekfor Engineering Gmbh Procédé pour réaliser des parties saillantes dans une pièce, dispositif et produit
CN114653887A (zh) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-24 苏州宝业锻造有限公司 一种风电高速级齿轮的锻造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3701703A1 (de) 1988-08-18
EP0275561A3 (fr) 1990-03-28

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