EP0271405B1 - Fluted cylinder for flax scutching - Google Patents
Fluted cylinder for flax scutching Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0271405B1 EP0271405B1 EP19870402725 EP87402725A EP0271405B1 EP 0271405 B1 EP0271405 B1 EP 0271405B1 EP 19870402725 EP19870402725 EP 19870402725 EP 87402725 A EP87402725 A EP 87402725A EP 0271405 B1 EP0271405 B1 EP 0271405B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- plate
- groove
- plates
- flanks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
- D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
- D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
- D01B1/18—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with stamping devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to grinding rolls used during the scouring operation of lignocellulosic materials, in particular flax. It consists in an improvement of the existing cylinders, allowing the interchangeability of the teeth of these cylinders.
- French patent No. 2,449,144 already knew a system making it possible to improve the interchangeability of certain elements of a circular comb for combing machines for cotton or wool.
- This system includes a body in which grooves are made, plates which are placed in the grooves and holding pins, but these different means have a particular structure which depends on the intended application, namely combing with the help of needle plates mounted on the semi-cylindrical body.
- This structure and the result obtained differ from those of the invention.
- the part of the plate projecting from the cylinder body has a height of around 30 millimeters.
- the grooved cylinder 1 consists of the central cylindrical block, representing the body 2 of the cylinder, individual teeth 3 in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and retaining plates 4 fixed by screws to the body 2.
- the periphery of the body 2 is hollowed out of transverse grooves 5, on the sides 6 and 7 of which bear the lateral faces of the teeth 3.
- the sides 7 and 6 are respectively parallel to the radian axes correspond to the teeth 3 and 3 ⁇ .
- the plate 4 is embedded between the two teeth 3 and 3 ⁇ . Each flank of the plate 4 is parallel to the radian axis corresponding to the tooth (3.3 ⁇ ) on which it is supported.
- the fixing of the plate 4 on the body 2 using the screw 8 makes it possible to block the teeth 3 and 3 ⁇ against the sides 6 and 7 of the groove 5.
- the milling of the flax stalks is carried out using at least one pair of grooved cylinders, in accordance with the invention, with parallel axes of rotation.
- the upper cylinder 9 is positioned relative to the lower cylinder 1 so that a tooth 10 of this upper cylinder 9 is centered in the inter-tooth defined by the teeth 3 and 3 ⁇ .
- the flax stalks passing between the cylinders 1 and 9 are forced to follow the sinuous path between the teeth 3, 10 and 3 ⁇ , and, under the pressure exerted between the two cylinders combined with this sinuous path, the wood and the bark of the stems are crushed and subdivided.
- the wear of the teeth appears, it is easy, thanks to the invention, to change all or part of the worn teeth, by removing the retaining plate or plates 4 after removing the screws 8, and by replacing the teeth 3 and 3 ⁇ worn by other unused teeth. It is even possible at first to reuse the worn teeth by turning them over so that the worn part is turned towards the body 2 of the cylinder. Thus, thanks to the invention, it is no longer necessary to replace the entire cylinder, or to disassemble the entire cylinder; moreover, only the teeth should be made of a material resistant to friction.
- the system for locking the teeth, by transverse groove and retaining plate has an efficiency such that the behavior of the grooved cylinder in three elements according to the invention is, during grinding, in accordance with that of the monobloc grooved cylinder.
Description
La présente invention est relative aux cylindres broyeurs mis en oeuvre lors de l'opération de teillage des matériaux ligno-cellulosiques, notamment du lin. Elle consiste en un perfectionnement des cylindres existants, permettant l'interchangeabilité des dentures de ces cylindres.The present invention relates to grinding rolls used during the scouring operation of lignocellulosic materials, in particular flax. It consists in an improvement of the existing cylinders, allowing the interchangeability of the teeth of these cylinders.
L'opération de teillage des matériaux ligno-cellulosiques, tels que le lin ou le chanvre, consiste à extraire des tiges desdits matériaux les fibres textiles par élimination des sous-produits et en particulier la paille, dénommée anas. Cette élimination est réalisée à l'aide de deux sortes de traitements mécaniques, à savoir le broyage et le teillage proprement dit. Le broyage se fait par écrasement des tiges et le teillage par battage des tiges écrasées. Pour l'opération de broyage, les tiges sont maintenues à l'une de leurs extrémités entre deux courroies de transport et passent, sous forme d'une nappe, entre des paires de cylindres cannelés, la direction générale des pailles étant perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation des cylindres cannelés. Pour que le bois se subdivise sous l'action des cylindres, une pression importante est communiquée entre les deux cylindres constituant une paire soit par des ressorts soit par des vérins. Quelle que soit la dureté du matériau utilisé pour la fabrication des cylindres, on constate rapidement lors de l'utilisation une usure des dents des cylindres cannelés, aux endroits de passage préférentiel des tiges. Cette usure, qui affecte toutes les dents sur une partie de la largeur du cylindre, est préjudiciable à l'homogénéité de l'opération de broyage puisqu'elle modifie les conditions d'écrasement des tiges. Pour pallier les inconvénients d'une telle usure, on utilise une série importante de paires de cylindres cannelés, et on ne remplace une paire usée que lorsque l'usure est trop importante , cet emploi d'une batterie de cylindres permet de réduire globalement l'incidence de l'usure. On peut également, lorsque l'usure n'affecte qu'une partie extrême du cylindre, le retourner afin que le passage des tiges se fasse sur l'autre partie non usée.The scouring operation of lignocellulosic materials, such as flax or hemp, consists in extracting from the stems of said materials the textile fibers by elimination of by-products and in particular straw, called anas. This elimination is carried out using two kinds of mechanical treatments, namely grinding and scutching proper. Crushing is done by crushing the stems and scutching by threshing the crushed stems. For the grinding operation, the stems are held at one of their ends between two conveyor belts and pass, in the form of a sheet, between pairs of fluted cylinders, the general direction of the straws being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the grooved cylinders. In order for the wood to subdivide under the action of the cylinders, a significant pressure is communicated between the two cylinders constituting a pair either by springs or by jacks. Whatever the hardness of the material used for the manufacture of the cylinders, wear is quickly observed during use of the teeth of the fluted cylinders, at the places of preferential passage of the rods. This wear, which affects all of the teeth over part of the width of the cylinder, is detrimental to the homogeneity of the grinding operation since it modifies the crushing conditions of the rods. To overcome the drawbacks of such wear, a large series of fluted pairs of cylinders is used, and a worn pair is only replaced when the wear is too great, this use of a battery of cylinders makes it possible overall to reduce the incidence of wear. It is also possible, when the wear affects only one extreme part of the cylinder, turn it over so that the rods pass over the other unworn part.
Ainsi ce phénomène d'usure des dents des cylindres cannelés a conduit d'une part à la fabrication de cylindre cannelé dans des matériaux de plus en plus dur set donc coûteux , et d'autre part à un accroissement du nombre de paires de cylindres, et donc un surcroît d'investissement. De plus le changement de cylindres nécessite un démontage long et donc l'immobilisation du matériel de production.Thus this phenomenon of wear of the teeth of the grooved cylinders has led on the one hand to the manufacture of grooved cylinder in increasingly hard and therefore expensive materials, and on the other hand to an increase in the number of pairs of cylinders, and therefore additional investment. In addition, the change of cylinders requires a long disassembly and therefore the immobilization of production equipment.
Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de l'invention, un perfectionnement aux cylindres cannelés de broyage qui remédie aux inconvénients constatés. Ce perfectionnement permet l'interchangeabilité des dentures des cylindres tout en n'altérant pas l'action de ces dentures lors des sollicitations provoquées par le broyage. Le cylindre cannelé selon l'invention est constitué de trois éléments distincts:
- a. le corps du cylindre qui est un bloc cylindrique comportant des rainures transversales, de mêmes dimensions, régulièrement espacées sur toute sa périphérie
- b. des plaques, jouant le rôle de dent, ayant la forme de parallélépipède rectangle, dont la longueur est approximativement égale à celle du corps du cylindre, dont la largeur est telle que chaque plaque peut être placée selon sa largeur au fond d'une rainure transversale, et dont la hauteur est supérieure à la profondeur d'une telle rainure
- c. des barres de maintien assorties de moyens de fixation, la longueur de chaque barre étant approximativement égale à celle du corps du cylindre et chaque barre étant conformée de telle sorte que, au moins une plaque étant placée, selon sa largeur, dans une rainure transversale, ladite barre puisse s'encastrer dans la même rainure en s'appuyant sur la plaque ; lesdits trois éléments sont dimensionnés et positionnés de telle manière que chaque plaque, étant placée au fond d'une rainure transversale radialement par rapport à l'axe de rotation du cylindre, prend appui d'un côté sur l'un des flancs de ladite rainure et de l'autre sur l'un des flancs de la barre de maintien, lesdits flancs étant parallèles à l'axe radian correspondant à la plaque, moyennant quoi, les plaques jouant le rôle de dents sont bloquées dans les rainures à l'aide des barres de maintien, une fois que celles-ci ont été fixées sur le corps du cylindre à l'aide des moyens de fixation, et peuvent être facilement démontées en enlevant les moyens de fixation.
- at. the cylinder body which is a cylindrical block comprising transverse grooves, of the same dimensions, regularly spaced over its entire periphery
- b. plates, acting as a tooth, having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the length of which is approximately equal to that of the body of the cylinder, the width of which is such that each plate can be placed according to its width at the bottom of a transverse groove , and whose height is greater than the depth of such a groove
- vs. holding bars matched with fixing means, the length of each bar being approximately equal to that of the cylinder body and each bar being shaped so that at least one plate is placed, along its width, in a transverse groove, said bar can be embedded in the same groove by pressing on the plate; said three elements are dimensioned and positioned so that each plate, being placed at the bottom of a transverse groove radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the cylinder, bears on one side on one of the sides of said groove and on the other on one of the flanks of the holding bar, said flanks being parallel to the radian axis corresponding to the plate, whereby, the plates acting as teeth are locked in the grooves using holding bars, once these have been fixed to the cylinder body using the fixing means, and can be easily removed by removing the fixing means.
On connaissait déjà par le brevet français No. 2.449.144 un système permettant d'améliorer l'interchangeabilité de certains éléments d'un peigne circulaire pour peigneuse pour le coton ou la laine. Ce système comprend un corps dans lequel sont pratiquées des rainures , des plaques que l'on place dans les rainures et des clavettes de maintien, mais ces différents moyens ont une structure particulière qui est fonction de l'application visée, à savoir le peignage à l'aide des plaques à aiguilles montées sur le corps semi-cylindrique. Cette structure et le résultat obtenu diffèrent de ceux de l'invention. En particulier on comprendra aisément qu'il n'est pas envisagé sur un peigne circulaire de retourner la plaque à aiguilles en cas d'usure de celle-ci, alors que c'est un des avantages de l'invention que de pouvoir retourner et réutiliser une plaque usée jouant le rôle de dent du cylindre de broyage.French patent No. 2,449,144 already knew a system making it possible to improve the interchangeability of certain elements of a circular comb for combing machines for cotton or wool. This system includes a body in which grooves are made, plates which are placed in the grooves and holding pins, but these different means have a particular structure which depends on the intended application, namely combing with the help of needle plates mounted on the semi-cylindrical body. This structure and the result obtained differ from those of the invention. In particular, it will be readily understood that it is not envisaged on a circular comb to return the needle plate in the event of wear thereof, whereas it is one of the advantages of the invention to be able to return and reuse a worn plate acting as the tooth of the grinding cylinder.
Avantageusement le cylindre cannelé comporte deux plaques par rainure, la barre de maintien correspondante étant placée entre les deux plaques et chaque plaque prenant appui sur l'un des flancs de la rainure ; de plus dans ce cas, l'espacement entre deux rainures est égal à la largeur de la barre de maintien de telle sorte que tous les écartements entre deux plaques adjacentes soient égaux.Advantageously, the grooved cylinder has two plates per groove, the corresponding retaining bar being placed between the two plates and each plate bearing on one of the sides of the groove; moreover in this case, the spacing between two grooves is equal to the width of the holding bar so that all the spacings between two adjacent plates are equal.
Le cylindre cannelé comporte entre dix et seize plaques, les deux chiffres extrêmes étant inclus, et préférentiellement douze plaques.The grooved cylinder has between ten and sixteen plates, the two extreme numbers being included, and preferably twelve plates.
Pour un corps de cylindre de diamètre extérieur de l'ordre de 120 millimètres, la partie de la plaque dépassant du corps du cylindre a une hauteur de l'ordre de 30 millimètres.For a cylinder body with an outside diameter of around 120 millimeters, the part of the plate projecting from the cylinder body has a height of around 30 millimeters.
L'invention sera mieux comprise en se référant à la description qui va suivre d'un mode préféré de réalisation, ainsi qu'au dessin en annexe dont la figure unique est une représentation schématique en coupe d'une portion du cylindre cannelé selon l'invention.The invention will be better understood by referring to the following description of a preferred embodiment, as well as to the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which is a diagrammatic representation in section of a portion of the grooved cylinder invention.
Le cylindre cannelé 1 est constitué du bloc central cylindrique, représentant le corps 2 du cylindre, des dents individuelles 3 en forme de parallélépipède rectangle et des plaques de maintien 4 fixées par des vis sur le corps 2. La périphérie du corps 2 est creusée de rainures 5 transversales , sur les flancs 6 et 7 desquelles prennent appui les faces latérales des dents 3.Les flancs 7 et 6 sont respectivement parallèles aux axes radians correspondent aux dents 3 et 3ʹ. La plaque 4 est encastrée entre les deux dents 3 et 3ʹ. Chaque flanc de la plaque 4 est parallèle à l'axe radian correspondant à la dent (3,3ʹ) sur laquelle il prend appui. La fixation de la plaque 4 sur le corps 2 à l'aide de la vis 8 permet de bloquer les dents 3 et 3ʹ contre les flancs 6 et 7 de la rainure 5.The grooved cylinder 1 consists of the central cylindrical block, representing the body 2 of the cylinder, individual teeth 3 in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and retaining plates 4 fixed by screws to the body 2. The periphery of the body 2 is hollowed out of
Dans l'exemple illustré par la figure annexée, le corps 2 du cylindre a un diamètre de 122 millimètres ; il y a six rainures transversales de profondeur 16 millimètres et douze dents dont la largeur L est égale à 10 millimètres , et la hauteur est égale à 45 millimètres. L'écartement angulaire entre les axes radians correspondant à deux dents adjacentes est de 30 degrés.In the example illustrated by the appended figure, the body 2 of the cylinder has a diameter of 122 millimeters; there are six transverse grooves 16 millimeters deep and twelve teeth whose width L is equal to 10 millimeters, and the height is equal to 45 millimeters. The angular spacing between the radian axes corresponding to two adjacent teeth is 30 degrees.
Le broyage des tiges de lin est réalisé à l'aide d'au moins une paire de cylindres cannelés, conformément à l'invention, d'axes de rotation parallèles. Le cylindre supérieur 9 est positionné par rapport au cylindre inférieur 1 de telle sorte qu'une dent 10 de ce cylindre supérieur 9 soit centrée dans l'entre-dent délimité par les dents 3 et 3ʹ. Ainsi les tiges de lin passant entre les cylindres 1 et 9 sont contraintes d'épouser le parcours sinueux entre les dents 3, 10 et 3ʹ, et, sous la pression exercée entre les deux cylindres conjuguée à ce parcours sinueux, le bois et l'écorce des tiges sont écrasés et se subdivisent.The milling of the flax stalks is carried out using at least one pair of grooved cylinders, in accordance with the invention, with parallel axes of rotation. The upper cylinder 9 is positioned relative to the lower cylinder 1 so that a
Lorsque l'usure des dents apparaît, il est facile, grâce à l'invention, de changer tout ou partie des dents usées, en retirant la ou les plaques de maintien 4 après avoir enlevé les vis 8, et en remplaçant les dents 3 et 3ʹ usées par d'autres dents non usées. Il est même possible dans un premier temps de réutiliser les dents usées en les retournant de telle sorte que la partie usée soit tournée vers le corps 2 du cylindre. Ainsi, grâce à l'invention,il n'est plus nécessaire de remplacer l'intégralité du cylindre, ni de démonter la totalité du cylindre ; de plus, seules les dents doivent être dans un matériau résistant au frottement. Le système de blocage des dents, par rainure transversale et plaque de maintien présente une efficacité telle que le comportement du cylindre cannelé en trois éléments selon l'invention est , lors du broyage, conforme à celui du cylindre cannelé monobloc.When the wear of the teeth appears, it is easy, thanks to the invention, to change all or part of the worn teeth, by removing the retaining plate or plates 4 after removing the screws 8, and by replacing the teeth 3 and 3ʹ worn by other unused teeth. It is even possible at first to reuse the worn teeth by turning them over so that the worn part is turned towards the body 2 of the cylinder. Thus, thanks to the invention, it is no longer necessary to replace the entire cylinder, or to disassemble the entire cylinder; moreover, only the teeth should be made of a material resistant to friction. The system for locking the teeth, by transverse groove and retaining plate has an efficiency such that the behavior of the grooved cylinder in three elements according to the invention is, during grinding, in accordance with that of the monobloc grooved cylinder.
L'exemple décrit ci-dessus n'est pas limitatif de l'invention, notamment en ce qui concerne le nombre de dents. En particulier, on peut, si nécessaire, ne placer qu'une seule dent 3 par rainure 5 : dans ce cas, la plaque de maintien 4 prendra elle-même appui sur le flanc 6 de la rainure 5.The example described above is not limitative of the invention, in particular as regards the number of teeth. In particular, it is possible, if necessary, to place only one tooth 3 per groove 5: in this case, the retaining plate 4 will itself bear on the side 6 of the
Claims (5)
- A fluted crushing cylinder comprising three separate elements:a. the body (2) of the cylinder (1), which is a cylindrical block with transverse grooves (5) of the same dimensions regularly spaced over its entire peripheryb. plates (3), which act as teeth, having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the length of which is approximately equal to that of the body of the cylinder, of a width (L) such that each plate (3) can be disposed widthwise at the base of a transverse groove (5), and of a height greater than the depth of such groovec. retaining bars (4) associated with fixing means (8), the length of each bar being approximately equal to that of the body of the cylinder and each bar (4) being so shaped that once a plate (3) is in position widthwise in a transverse groove (5) said bar (4) can fit into the same groove (5) by bearing on the plate and in that said elements are so dimensioned and positioned that each plate (3) in position at the base of a transverse groove (5) radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the cylinder bears, on one side, on one of the flanks (6) of said groove (5) and, on the other side, on one of the flanks of the retaining bar (4), said flanks being parallel to the radian axis corresponding to the plate.
- A cylinder according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises two plates (3 and 3') per groove (5), the corresponding retaining bar (4) being disposed between the two plates (3 and 3') and each plate (3, 3') bearing, on one side, on one of the flanks (7, 6) of the groove (5) and, on the other side, on one of the flanks of the retaining bar (4), and in that the spacing between the grooves (5) is such that all the distances between two adjacent plates (3) are equal.
- A cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it comprises between ten and sixteen plates.
- A cylinder according to claim 3, characterised in that it comprises 12 plates (3) uniformly distributed over the cylinder periphery, in that each plate (3) projects from the body of the cylinder by about 30 millimetres, and in that the body (2) of the cylinder has an outside diameter of the order of 120 millimetres.
- Use of a pair of cylinders according to any one of the preceding claims for crushing flax stems.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8616943 | 1986-12-03 | ||
| FR8616943A FR2607834B1 (en) | 1986-12-03 | 1986-12-03 | CANNED CYLINDER FOR GRINDING OF LINEN |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0271405A2 EP0271405A2 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| EP0271405A3 EP0271405A3 (en) | 1988-07-20 |
| EP0271405B1 true EP0271405B1 (en) | 1991-09-18 |
Family
ID=9341532
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19870402725 Expired - Lifetime EP0271405B1 (en) | 1986-12-03 | 1987-12-02 | Fluted cylinder for flax scutching |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0271405B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3773146D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2607834B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19518188C2 (en) * | 1995-05-21 | 1998-06-10 | Rolf Dr Hesch | Process for fiber removal or de-wooding of bast fiber plants |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR536935A (en) * | 1922-05-12 | |||
| FR1041906A (en) * | 1951-08-20 | 1953-10-27 | Defibration device | |
| DE2530839C3 (en) * | 1975-07-10 | 1979-04-12 | Staedtler & Uhl, 8540 Schwabach | Round comb for combing machines |
| CH635137A5 (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1983-03-15 | Burckhardt Christoph Ag | CIRCULAR COMB FOR COTTON OR WOOL COMBING MACHINE. |
-
1986
- 1986-12-03 FR FR8616943A patent/FR2607834B1/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-12-02 EP EP19870402725 patent/EP0271405B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-02 DE DE8787402725T patent/DE3773146D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3773146D1 (en) | 1991-10-24 |
| EP0271405A3 (en) | 1988-07-20 |
| FR2607834B1 (en) | 1989-02-17 |
| FR2607834A1 (en) | 1988-06-10 |
| EP0271405A2 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
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