EP0268304A2 - Maschine und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Bahnen mittels longitudinalen Zusammendrückens - Google Patents

Maschine und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Bahnen mittels longitudinalen Zusammendrückens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268304A2
EP0268304A2 EP87117160A EP87117160A EP0268304A2 EP 0268304 A2 EP0268304 A2 EP 0268304A2 EP 87117160 A EP87117160 A EP 87117160A EP 87117160 A EP87117160 A EP 87117160A EP 0268304 A2 EP0268304 A2 EP 0268304A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
machine
fingers
driving
regions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP87117160A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0268304A3 (de
Inventor
R. Richard Walton
George E. Munchbach
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0268304A2 publication Critical patent/EP0268304A2/de
Publication of EP0268304A3 publication Critical patent/EP0268304A3/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/12—Crêping

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a web processing of the kind in which the web is longitudinally compressed by driving the web at a nip line formed by pairs of spaced-apart, matched rotating disks and retarding the web by devices inserted in the groove spaces between the disks.
  • Painter, U.S. Patent 3,390,218, shows pleating a web using one smooth roll and a second smaller diameter roll having alternating ridges and grooves.
  • a third slower moving smooth retarder roll is held against the first smooth roll in a converging relationship to force the web back toward the nip, to cause pleating.
  • a finger member mounted upstream of the grooved roll, protrudes into the grooves to form one side of the longitudinal compression zone at the nip, preceeding the third roll.
  • U.S. Patent 1,680,203 a web is shown being creped by passing it into the nip between two drive rolls each having disks alternating with spacer elements. After passing through a relatively long confining passage, the web is engaged by slower rotating rolls which cause the web to crowd together to form the crepes in the long passage.
  • the long passage is bounded by two sets of long, thin presser members, the forward ends of which are tapered and disposed in the spaces between the disks of the drive roll.
  • the invention features a machine and method for longitudinally compressing a web under the influence of driving forces provided at a nip line defined by spaced-apart pairs of matched rotating disks and under the influence of retarding forces provided by sets of retarding fingers inserted in the spaces between the disks.
  • An important feature of the invention is that, in the region close to the nip line, web-contacting surfaces of the sets of fingers diverge in the direction of travel of the web whereby the longitudinally compressed web is subjected to tightest constraint of its thickness at a point longitudinally close to the nip line, and downstream therefrom, while still confined, the corresponding sections of web are released from tightest constraint, such diverging surfaces promoting uniform movement of the corresponding oncoming sections of compressed web while enabling relatively steady retarding forces to be transmitted laterally through the web to retard the adjacent sections of the web that are in line with the disks, whereby the longitudinal compressive treatment of both the sections of the web in line with the fingers and the sections in line with the disks can be substantially regular.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention include the following features. At least one and preferably both of the opposed surfaces of sets of fingers are convexly curved in the region close to the nip line.
  • the radius of curvature of each of the convexly curved fingers is of the order of the radium of the disk alongside which it lies; fingers of at least one set are structurally supported from a point downstream of the nip, the fingers protruding upstream therefrom, with their tips disposed entirely within the respective spaces, below the path of travel of the web. Fingers of both sets are mounted in the manner just described.
  • an elongated dwell cavity in which surfaces engaging the web become substantially parallel.
  • Each larger diameter segment has a peripheral driving surface that is narrower in width than the width of the space between the peripheral driving surface and the peripheral driving surface of the next adjacent larger diameter segment.
  • the width of the peripheral driving surface is about one half or less than the width of the space, preferably the width of the spaces being about 0.10 inch and the width of the driving surfaces being about 0.05 inch or less.
  • the peripheral driving surfaces bear an enhanced friction treatment, such as parallel knurling cuts or fine particle plasma coating.
  • the peripheral driving surface of each larger diameter segment is cylindrical and is narrower axially than the full axial width of the segment, and a pair of smooth tapered shoulders is provided on opposite sides of the driving surface.
  • the stationary finger-form retarding members are cantilevered and each has, exposed for contact with a face of one of the non-directly driven web regions, a surface having a width less than the space between the corresponding adjacent larger diameter semgments.
  • Each finger-form members rests within one of the non-driving spaces of one roll and includes a second surface (opposite the web contacting surface) that is spaced away from the peripheral surface of the associated smaller diameter segment.
  • the finger-form members are integral upstream extensions of a continuous retarder element which extends across the width of the web; the finger-form members of each element are interdigitated in the non-driving spaces of the respective roll, and the contact surfaces of the two elements are separated by a space, during operation, to permit the passage of the non-directly driven portion of the web.
  • downstream portions of the slidable contact retarder means define pathways for passage of the non-directly driven web regions that, after the initial divergence, remain shallow so that the contacting means maintains a degree of face-to-face compression upon the reorientated and compacted non-directly driven web regions as they pass via the pathways.
  • the divergence continues until the pathways are wide enough to minimize the face-to-face compressive forces applied to the non-directly driven web regions.
  • the retarding means define short compaction cavities very close to the nip in which substantially all reorientation and compaction of the non-directly driven web regions can occur.
  • the retarder fingers are held at substantially fixed distances from the plane on which the roll axes lie and remain steady during operation.
  • the retarders are relatively rigid in the direction perpendicular to the faces of the web.
  • the retarding fingers terminate in flat ends; in other embodiments, in tapered or rounded ends. In important embodiments, the retarders are both supported from the downstream side.
  • a dwell cavity having a pair of cavity faces is located at the outfeed side of the nip beyond the restriction and divergent passage provided by the fingers.
  • the faces are subjected to a temperature differential along the length of the dwell cavity, with higher temperatures nearer the nip; the faces are maintained at a uniform or increasing spacing, and are subjected to even or decreasing pressure along the length of the dwell cavity.
  • One face is integral with the retarding means; the other includes a plate attached to the retarding means.
  • the relative proportion of the web which is driven can be made small, thus minimizing the total area affected by face-to-face compression where such may be disadvantageous.
  • Driving is aided by the knurling or plasma coating.
  • the smooth shoulders adjacent the driving surfaces provide a transitional region that can avoid tearing of the web.
  • the compaction cavity provides space for very substantial compaction and reorientation in both directions from the plane of the web.
  • the dwell cavity can impart to the finished web a smooth, compact quality, reduce spontaneous expansion of the finished web, enhance permanence of the treatment, and permit higher speeds of treatment.
  • the invention can impart useful properties to a wide variety of webs by causing substantial, uniform face-wise reorientation and longitudinal compaction along a series of parallel longitudinal web regions.
  • the products are characterized in general in being of very regular, stripped form.
  • Certain materials e.g. thick bats of absorbent fibers, are compacted with no folds or undulatios in the portions moving between the fingers.
  • Knitted goods may be treated to provide a uniform, ribbed appearance, e.g. useful as thermal underwear. Thinner and denser materials are provided with highly uniform, microcrepe in the zones of the fingers, without superficial folds or crepe.
  • a continuous web 12 is led from a supply roll (not shown) over a guide roll 14 into the nip region 15 between two drive rolls 16, 18 that are driven at the same speed in opposite directions (as indicated by the arrows).
  • a pair of divergent retarders 20, 22 are positioned to retard the motion of web 12 in a manner to be described in more detail below.
  • the processed web 40 is delivered to take-up roll (not shown).
  • Rod 38 includes a pneumatic cylinder 43 supplied by a pressure line 45, which enables resilient yielding of the rod under load to provide longitudinally resilient support to retarder 22. (A feature that is used to enable self-adjustment of the retarder at start up, as web 12 is initially compacted.).
  • rolls 16, 18 are driven at a selected speed by a conventional motor and driving mechanism 42 mounted on frame 37.
  • Rolls 16, 18 are supported in a metal frame 46 (also mounted on frame 37) with the axes of the two rolls parallel.
  • the spacing between the two rolls can be adjusted by conventional means (not shown) but the spacing (and hence the nip height) is generally held fixed during a processing run.
  • Each roll 16, 18 is milled to form a succession of identical larger diameter (4") disks (segments) 50 alternated with a second set of identical disks (segments) 52 of somewhat smaller diameter (3 1/4") than disks 50.
  • each roll 16, 18 thus presents a series of alternating lands (formed by the peripheral surfaces of the larger disks 50) and valleys (formed by the peripheral surfaces of the smaller disks 52).
  • the respective axial positions of rolls 16, 18 are matched, that is the lands of roll 16 are opposite the lands of roll 18 and the valleys of roll 16 are opposite the valleys of roll 18.
  • a pair of planar plates 54, 56 In order to guide webs of different widths into the central part of the nip, a pair of planar plates 54, 56, the planes of which are arranged perpendicular to the role axes, are adjustably mounted on a rod 58 attached to frame 46. The width of the opening between plates 54, 56 can then be adjusted to accommodate the width of web 12. Each plate 54, 56 is thin enough to slip between adjacent larger disks 50 to position the web such that matched lands are located at each edge of the web as it is processed.
  • Rolls 16, 18 contain conventional electric heating elements (not shown) that can be controlled to bring the rolls to a desired even temperature appropriate for processing the particular web being used.
  • Each retarder 20, 22 is attached to its associated bracket 24, 26 by a plate 74, 76 and screws or rivets 78.
  • Each retarder 20, 22 is rolled to have a radius of curvature of about 4" along the length from its end to the brackets 24, 26, with the two retarders curving away from each other toward their bracketed ends.
  • Fingers 70 are relatively rigid in the direction indicated by arrows 77.
  • Dwell plate 21 (a 0.020") thick blue steel plate that is coextensive with retarder 20 in the direction of the roll axes) is welded along one of its edges to the bottom face of retarder 20, at a distance of about 2" from the nip.
  • plate 21 The precise location of plate 21 relative to the nip, for a given treatment of a given web, is determined by trials by moving the plate in and out until the best performance is obtained.
  • the bottom surface of plate 21 and the upper surface of retarder 22 and its support define a dwell cavity whose function is described in greater detail below.
  • a rigid friction surface formed either of parallel knurling 82 spaced at intervals of, e.g., 80 lines per inch, or by plasma coating of very fine abrasive particles, e.g. of tungsten carbide.
  • the friction surface is chosen to enhance the drive capability of the nip while still accurately maintaining the geometry of the nip, which forms the leading side of the treatment cavity, and permitting the driven portions of the web to slide upon the roll surface when it is shortened in the treatment cavity.
  • On either side of track 80 is a smooth convex shoulder 84, 86 which is contoured to meet the side surface 87 of the larger diameter disk 50.
  • Non-driving spaces 92 provide space on both sides of web 12 for its reorientation and compaction.
  • the divergent retarders 20, 22 are positioned at the outfeed end of non-driving spaces 92 and resist the motion of web 12.
  • the processing of web 12 occurs in a short length region 90 beginning approximately at the nip region of the two rolls (at the line of centers between the axes of roll shafts 32, 34) and ending at a point a short distance (i.e., a distance far shorter than the radius of either of the rolls 16, 18) on the outfeed side slightly beyond the point of initial contact of the web with the divergent retarding fingers.
  • the processing is accomplished by the driving forces applied at the driving nips and the interdigitated retarding forces applied at the non-driving spaces, combined with the configurations of the driving nips, the non-driving spaces, and the divergent retarders, and the positioning of the retarders relative to the rolls.
  • the closest restriction presented to the oncoming web and the maximum frictional drag is near the beginning of the treatment region while portions of the treated web downstream from there are subjected to less drag.
  • the oncoming web undergoes its longitudinal compression thickening and shortening at the beginning of the region where the aggregate retarding force is greatest and the drag of the remaining part of the channel tends to buffer the progressive flow of the compressed web with decreasing force as the web progresses, this assures even progress of the web.
  • Such stability of the rate of progress of the treated web translates to a stable condition also at the point of initial treatment so that the entire compressive treatment of the non-driven sections of the web can be very regular.
  • the retarding forces transmitted laterally through the thickness of the web to the driven sections of the web aligned with the disks are also uniformly maintained, so that regular treatment of these sections also occurs.
  • each non-driving space 92 in the nip region will depend on the thickness of the web being processed and on the fineness of the microcreping desired. A thicker web will require a greater space between the opposed fingers and a smaller space will produce a finer microtape. The best position is determined by trials at different settings for a given web and desired treatment.
  • the spacing between the opposing contact faces of the retarder fingers may be temporarily reduced. That spacing can be opened up to its normal running size (which is larger than the nip) by driving the web into the nip region in which case the compacting web itself will force the fingers apart against the resilient opposition provided by the pneumatic cylinder 43 (Fig.
  • web 12 is driven forward through the nip region toward the outfeed side along a series of narrow parallel strips (driven portions) 100.
  • the web is compressed facewise (perpendicular to the plane of the web) along strips 100 within driving nips 88.
  • the friction surfaces (e.g. knurling 82) of the tracks 80 grip the compressed strips and drive them toward the outfeed side, arrows 104, Figs. 5 and 6.
  • the non-driven regions of the web that enter the non-driving spaces are free to remain relatively less compressed facewise (in the direction perpendicularly to the web) because of the space available in the non-driving channels above and below the web.
  • the driven strips 100 continue to be driven forward, by the driving force (arrows 104) but the non-driven regions 101 receive retarding forces (arrows 102) in the opposite direction to the driving forces.
  • forces 102 are imposed by virtue of the relationship of the surfaces of the retarding fingers to the corresponding face of the web.
  • the web transmits at least part of the driving forces indirectly to the non-driven regions which causes reorientation and compaction of the non-driven regions within the treatment cavities 109 that are defined by the retarding fingers.
  • the non-driving regions are compacted in the longitudinal direction of the web, and substantially reorientated.
  • the compaction of the non-driven regions along the longitudinal direction of the web causes processed web 40 to be relatively shorter than the unprocessed web and to exit the outfeed side at a slower rate than it is pulled into the nip region. It is found that the entire web, both the driven strips 100 and the non-driven portions 101, is uniformly delivered at the outfeed side at the same rate and with the same degree of shortening. Just as the tranistion regions 106 of the web, under tension, transmit the driving forces from driven strips 100 to the non-driven regions 101 to accomplish compaction of regions 101, the transition regions, under the same tension, transmit the retarding forces 102 from the non-driven regions 101 to the driven strips 100. As the lazy "U's" 108 are formed in the non-driven regions, compaction and microcreping of the driven strips also occurs at the outfeed end to form a series of parallel transverse compressed microcrepes 112 of lesser height which may slope in the opposite direction.
  • Retarder 22 and plate 21 may extend beyond the point where bracket 26 is attached, to make the dwell cavity even longer, to accomodate still higher speeds and to provide a handy exit channel for the processed web.
  • the setting imparted by the dwell cavity minimizes the tendency of some types of processed web to expand facewise spontaneously, especially when processed at high speeds.
  • the web may be thick or thin, woven or non-woven.
  • the processed web is both compacted longitudinally and compressed facewise relative to the unprocessed web.
  • the spacing between the retarders may be reduced but still be left large enough so that the compression forces applied on the non-driven web regions are minimized consistent with the need to achieve retarding forces on those regions.
  • the dwell cavity can be removed. In this way the hills and valleys formed initially in the web in the non-driven channels will remain substantially intact in the processed web 212.
  • the fingers of the retarder may be terminated in tapered faces 73" which would tend to reduce the friction and may reduce tearing of the web. The ends of the fingers may lie on the outfeed side of the nip line N L , as shown, spaces away as much, for instance, as 3/4" where the rolls have a radius of 2 inches.
  • retarding fingers 220 could alternatively be supported from the infeed side of the nip using a long curved supporting member 222.
  • the non-driving spaces can be made even wider relatively to the driving nips to further reduce the proportion of the web that is directly driven especially where the web has sufficient widthwise strength to withstand the triangulation of forces imposed.
  • the non-driving spaces can be narrower than the nips, or the spacing as well as the widths of the retarders can be varied across the width, all depending upon the character of the material being treated and the effects desired.
  • Other configurations of retarding means can be used and retarders may be mounted for linear adjustment in and out and up and down as well as angularly.
  • the rolls can be of different diameters and driven at different speeds to achieve the same or different surface speeds at the nip.
  • the valleys in one roll can be deeper than the valleys in the other roll.
  • the contact surfaces of the retarder fingers can be provided with a frictional surface, e.g. for materials that are difficult to retard.
  • the pressure on the retarder fingers can be increased to achieve greater compaction.
  • the dwell cavity can be arranged so that the distance between the faces increases slightly with distance from the nip and/or so that the pressure between the faces decreases slightly with distance from the nip.
  • the retarders could be thinner (e.g., 0.020" blue steel or 0.125" brass), and the widths of the lands and valleys could be altered.
  • the fingers of the retarders could bear against the peripheral surface of the smaller diameter disks.
  • One or both of retarders 20, 22 may be made resilient in the direction of arrow 77 (Fig. 3).
  • a thin sheet of resilient metal for example, blue steel in the range of 0.010 inches to 0.020 inches in thickness
  • the resilient fingers overlie fingers 70 and are secure to retarders 20, 22 with screws 76, 78 respectively.
  • the resilient fingers preferably have a slightly greater curvature than fingers 70 so that the tips of the resilient fingers meet upper surface 72 of rigid fingers 70 at a slight angle, thereby preventing the web from catching on the tips. The greater curvature also gives more resiliency to the thin fingers.
  • one or both of retarders 20, 22 could be made entirely of the resilient metal to the same directions as discussed above with reference to Figs. 3 and 4.
EP87117160A 1986-11-20 1987-11-20 Maschine und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Bahnen mittels longitudinalen Zusammendrückens Withdrawn EP0268304A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US93308786A 1986-11-20 1986-11-20
US933087 1992-08-21

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EP0268304A2 true EP0268304A2 (de) 1988-05-25
EP0268304A3 EP0268304A3 (de) 1989-10-18

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EP87117160A Withdrawn EP0268304A3 (de) 1986-11-20 1987-11-20 Maschine und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Bahnen mittels longitudinalen Zusammendrückens

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EP (1) EP0268304A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS63211362A (de)
FI (1) FI875121A (de)
NO (1) NO874838L (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0347875A2 (de) * 1988-06-24 1989-12-27 Walton, Richard Rhodes Gewebebahnherstellung mit zwei ineinandergreifenden Walzen

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE127110C (de) *
DE130463C (de) *
US1601633A (en) * 1925-07-31 1926-09-28 Otaka Fabric Company Paper-crinkling machine
US1751471A (en) * 1929-05-04 1930-03-25 Hudson Sharp Machine Co Creping mechanism
US1764676A (en) * 1924-12-20 1930-06-17 Samuel J Campbell Creping machine
US2409997A (en) * 1944-11-24 1946-10-22 James W Straubel Creping machine
DE846061C (de) * 1942-08-07 1952-08-07 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kreppen von Papier od. dgl.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE127110C (de) *
DE130463C (de) *
US1764676A (en) * 1924-12-20 1930-06-17 Samuel J Campbell Creping machine
US1601633A (en) * 1925-07-31 1926-09-28 Otaka Fabric Company Paper-crinkling machine
US1751471A (en) * 1929-05-04 1930-03-25 Hudson Sharp Machine Co Creping mechanism
DE846061C (de) * 1942-08-07 1952-08-07 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kreppen von Papier od. dgl.
US2409997A (en) * 1944-11-24 1946-10-22 James W Straubel Creping machine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0347875A2 (de) * 1988-06-24 1989-12-27 Walton, Richard Rhodes Gewebebahnherstellung mit zwei ineinandergreifenden Walzen
EP0347875A3 (de) * 1988-06-24 1990-03-28 Walton, Richard Rhodes Gewebebahnherstellung mit zwei ineinandergreifenden Walzen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI875121A (fi) 1988-05-21
EP0268304A3 (de) 1989-10-18
NO874838D0 (no) 1987-11-19
JPS63211362A (ja) 1988-09-02
FI875121A0 (fi) 1987-11-19
NO874838L (no) 1988-05-24

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