EP0266564B2 - Bandgiessanlage mit nachgeordnetem mehrgerüstigen Kontiwalzwerk - Google Patents
Bandgiessanlage mit nachgeordnetem mehrgerüstigen Kontiwalzwerk Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0266564B2 EP0266564B2 EP87114449A EP87114449A EP0266564B2 EP 0266564 B2 EP0266564 B2 EP 0266564B2 EP 87114449 A EP87114449 A EP 87114449A EP 87114449 A EP87114449 A EP 87114449A EP 0266564 B2 EP0266564 B2 EP 0266564B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rolling
- strip
- roll
- starting material
- stands
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
- Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and Plant for the production of hot-rolled steel strip from a strip-shaped continuous cast Primary material in successive steps, the band-shaped primary material after solidification brought to hot rolling temperature and for rolling into finished strip in a multi-stand Rolling mill is introduced.
- the strip-shaped primary material cast as a strand generally has a thickness in the range between 25 to 60 mm. For example, if you go from a casting speed of about 0.13 m / s with an average strip thickness of 40 mm and assumes that the strip is rolled down to 2 mm is to be twenty times Change. In continuous operation, provided that the casting speed is the same the speed of entry into the first stand, would look at a tandem mill with seven scaffolds an exit speed after the last one Scaffolding at a height of 2.67 m / s. The minimum exit speed with a final rolling thickness of 2 mm is approximately 10 m / s, too big at lower speeds Temperature decrease rolling impossible makes. So far, to solve these problems followed two paths.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a process for producing hot rolled Steel belt and a belt caster with to present downstream hot strip mill, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned and the Difficulties can be overcome and which is economical even with smaller production quantities, i.e. worked at high capacity can be and especially low investment costs required are.
- the task is solved for the method according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
- the investment costs for the Contistrasse can even be considerable in this way be lowered while adjusting the technologically given rolling speed the casting speed.
- the invention it is provided that in the first two stands with approximately maximum rolling moment and large work roll diameter is worked.
- the work rolls driven.
- the increase in the gripping angle as a result The decrease is greater due to the enlargement of the work roll diameter and through compensates for the reduction in rolling speed, since it is known to have a grip decreasing rolling speed increases.
- the primary material cached before introduction to the rolling mill becomes.
- the strip caster and the hot strip mill be optimally adjusted.
- Such a Buffer can be used both as a storage heater with transverse displacement of the part lengths or as a continuous furnace and correspondingly longer be trained.
- Figure 1 with (1) is a strip or continuous caster referred to, the cross-dividing device (2), for example a flame cutting machine or scissors, to separate the cast and the strip caster (1) leaving the strip (3) in Sections of the same length is connected.
- the individual partial lengths of the tape (3) are then in a storage and heating device (4), for example, a roller hearth furnace, cached and to a homogeneous hot rolling temperature brought from about 1050 to 1100 degrees Celsius.
- a partial length leaving the oven (4) (5) is descaled in a known manner and if necessary also brought to a new opening length (not shown).
- the sub-band (5) in a rolling mill (6) consisting of three (or four) scaffolds (6 ', 6' ', 6' '') from the initial cross section Rolled to final roll thickness.
- a rolling mill (6) consisting of three (or four) scaffolds (6 ', 6' ', 6' '') from the initial cross section Rolled to final roll thickness.
- the finished belt (7) passes through degrees Celsius Cooling section (8), then from the underfloor reel (9) at a temperature of about 560 degrees Celsius to be wound up.
- the stitch decreases are shown in FIGS. 2a to 2d and rolling parameters in four stands schematically shown, each on the abscissa the decrease in thickness "ie" of the rolling stock in mm and on the ordinate the sum of the effective Rolling moment "Ma” is specified in kNm.
- FIG. 2a there is an initial thickness for the first framework of the strip material of 50 mm.
- the lines of the same work roll diameter (13-17) rise, for example, from below upwards in the range from 400 to 800 mm.
- the related Thickness or stitch reduction achieved a value of 52%.
- the set thickness reduction is, for example, 6 mm with a remaining thickness of 6 mm, corresponding to a related Height decrease of 50%.
- the selected working point (38) is far below the maximum transferable Rolling moment in the permissible range the rolling torque line for backup roller drive (31). so that the work rolls optionally themselves (32) or driven indirectly via the support rollers (31) can be.
- the reference numbers (43 - 47) also the same increasing work roll diameter depending on the rolling moment and decrease in thickness.
- the desired The decrease in thickness is, for example, 3 mm with a final thickness of 3 mm, corresponding to one related decrease in height of again 50%.
- the selected working point (48) is as in Fig. 2c far below the maximum transferable rolling torque in the permissible range of the rolling torque lines (41, 42) for work and backup roller drive, so that the work rolls here, as already in third scaffold, optionally own drive (42) or driven by the support rollers (41) will.
- the reference numbers (63-67) again increasing work roll diameter in Dependence on rolling torque and thickness reduction featured.
- the permissible working area between the lines (62) and (60) is followed by high stitch decreases right through the line of the maximum gripping angle (69) limited.
- the numbers (73-77) denote the Lines increasing work roll diameter from 400 to 800 mm.
- the set thickness reduction is, for example, 4 mm to achieve this a remaining thickness of 4 mm, corresponding to one related decrease in height of 50%.
- the chosen one Working point (78) is 900 mm at 4 mm Thickness decrease far below the maximum transferable Rolling moment in the permissible range the rolling torque line for backup roller drive (not shown) and work roll drive (72).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87114449T ATE74296T1 (de) | 1986-11-06 | 1987-10-03 | Bandgiessanlage mit nachgeordnetem mehrgeruestigen kontiwalzwerk. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3637893 | 1986-11-06 | ||
| DE3637893A DE3637893C2 (de) | 1986-11-06 | 1986-11-06 | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von warmgewalztem Stahlband und Bandgießanlage |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0266564A2 EP0266564A2 (de) | 1988-05-11 |
| EP0266564A3 EP0266564A3 (en) | 1988-09-14 |
| EP0266564B1 EP0266564B1 (de) | 1992-04-01 |
| EP0266564B2 true EP0266564B2 (de) | 1999-07-07 |
Family
ID=6313346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87114449A Expired - Lifetime EP0266564B2 (de) | 1986-11-06 | 1987-10-03 | Bandgiessanlage mit nachgeordnetem mehrgerüstigen Kontiwalzwerk |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4817703A (cs) |
| EP (1) | EP0266564B2 (cs) |
| JP (1) | JPH082449B2 (cs) |
| KR (1) | KR960002400B1 (cs) |
| CN (1) | CN1042204C (cs) |
| AT (1) | ATE74296T1 (cs) |
| BR (1) | BR8705955A (cs) |
| CA (1) | CA1320063C (cs) |
| DD (1) | DD262602A5 (cs) |
| DE (2) | DE3637893C2 (cs) |
| ES (1) | ES2029818T5 (cs) |
| GR (1) | GR3004260T3 (cs) |
| IN (1) | IN170340B (cs) |
| LT (1) | LT3832B (cs) |
| LV (1) | LV10934B (cs) |
| MX (1) | MX160204A (cs) |
| RU (1) | RU2057601C1 (cs) |
| ZA (1) | ZA877350B (cs) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE58901955D1 (de) * | 1988-03-17 | 1992-09-03 | Mannesmann Ag | Anlage zum herstellen von warmgewalztem stahlband. |
| US5307864A (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1994-05-03 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for continuously producing flat steel product by the continuous casting method |
| DE3839151A1 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen von warmgewalztem stahlband aus einem bandfoermig stranggegossenem vormaterial |
| US5082047A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1992-01-21 | Bricmanage, Inc. | Method of continuously casting and rolling metallic strip |
| DE3929722A1 (de) * | 1989-09-07 | 1991-03-14 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Anlage zur herstellung von stahlband |
| NL9100911A (nl) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-10-16 | Hoogovens Groep Bv | Inrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van warmgewalst staal. |
| US5488987A (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1996-02-06 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa | Method for the controlled pre-rolling of thin slabs leaving a continuous casting plant, and relative device |
| AT398396B (de) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-11-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum herstellen eines bandes, vorstreifens oder einer bramme |
| JP2845097B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-18 | 1999-01-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 熱間鋼板圧延設備及びその圧延方法 |
| US5430930A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1995-07-11 | Italimpianti Of America, Inc. | Method of manufacturing hot strip |
| JP3063518B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-27 | 2000-07-12 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 連続鋳造装置及び連続鋳造システム |
| DE4402402B4 (de) * | 1994-01-27 | 2004-05-13 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von warmgewalztem Stahlband aus stranggegossenem Vormaterial und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US5632177A (en) * | 1994-03-01 | 1997-05-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | System and method for manufacturing thin plate by hot working |
| IT1267916B1 (it) * | 1994-03-31 | 1997-02-18 | Danieli Off Mecc | Procedimento per la produzione di nastro partendo da bramme sottili e relativo impianto |
| DE19538341A1 (de) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-03-13 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Warmbandproduktionsanlage für das Walzen von dünnem Walzband |
| DE19613718C1 (de) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-23 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von warmgewalztem Stahlband |
| DE19725434C2 (de) * | 1997-06-16 | 1999-08-19 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren zum Walzen von Warmbreitband in einer CSP-Anlage |
| DE19814223A1 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-07 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mikrolegierten Baustählen |
| RU2146974C1 (ru) * | 1998-05-21 | 2000-03-27 | Магнитогорская государственная горно-металлургическая академия им.Г.И.Носова | Способ производства бесконечной горячекатаной полосы на непрерывно-реверсивном литейно-прокатном агрегате |
| FR2783443B1 (fr) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-10-27 | Usinor | Procede de fabrication d'une bande mince en acier inoxydable |
| RU2147260C1 (ru) * | 1999-07-06 | 2000-04-10 | Акционерная холдинговая компания "ВНИИМЕТМАШ" им.акад.Целикова | Устройство для литья-прокатки стальной полосы |
| DE102006054932A1 (de) | 2005-12-16 | 2007-09-13 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Metallbandes durch Gießwalzen |
| DE102008020412A1 (de) | 2007-08-24 | 2009-02-26 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Metallbandes durch Gießwalzen |
| DE102008003222A1 (de) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-19 | Sms Demag Ag | Kompakte flexible CSP-Anlage für Endlos-, Semi-Endlos- und Batchbetrieb |
| CN102581008A (zh) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-18 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司唐山分公司 | 一种生产低成本高成形性if钢的加工方法 |
| CN102814323B (zh) * | 2012-08-26 | 2014-07-09 | 西部钛业有限责任公司 | 一种宽幅锆板材的轧制加工方法 |
| WO2014135710A1 (de) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-12 | Sms Siemag Ag | VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN EINES METALLBANDES DURCH GIEßWALZEN |
| KR101755236B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-07-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | 연연속 압연 장치 및 방법 |
| CN105458018B (zh) * | 2016-01-13 | 2018-03-23 | 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 | 铸轧机与连铸机的联接摆动位置控制设备及其控制方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3358358A (en) * | 1964-12-31 | 1967-12-19 | United States Steel Corp | Method of reducing width of metal slabs |
| AT266362B (de) * | 1966-04-22 | 1968-11-11 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von streckverformten Erzeugnissen aus hochschmelzenden Metallen, insbesondere aus unlegierten oder legierten Stählen mit verbesserten Qualitätseigenschaften |
| AT280191B (de) * | 1966-12-01 | 1970-04-10 | Gerb Boehler & Co Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Walzprodukten aus Stranggußerzeugnissen mit Hilfe von zwei Walzenpaaren |
| DE1816849C3 (de) * | 1968-12-24 | 1973-12-13 | Demag Ag, 4100 Duisburg | Verfahren zum Stranggießen und anschließendem Walzen aus der Gieß hitze von Stahl |
| JPS53112247A (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1978-09-30 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for rolling continuously cast sliug |
| JPS54153750A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-04 | Toshiba Corp | Method and apparatus for manufacturing metal molding |
| JPS5550912A (en) * | 1978-10-12 | 1980-04-14 | Toshiba Corp | Speed controller for rolling mill |
| DE2917784A1 (de) * | 1979-05-03 | 1980-11-13 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren zum herstellen von flachmaterial aus aluminium, kupfer, stahl oder aus legierungen dieser werkstoffe mittels einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden giessmaschine und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| JPS58100903A (ja) * | 1981-12-09 | 1983-06-15 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 特殊連鋳機と熱間圧延配置列 |
| US4519118A (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1985-05-28 | Kennecott Corporation | Hot mill self-centering roll design |
| DE3241745C2 (de) * | 1982-11-11 | 1985-08-08 | Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zum Herstellen von warmgewalztem Stahlband aus stranggegossenem Vormaterial in unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgenden Arbeitsschritten |
| JPS60121009A (ja) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-06-28 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 熱延鋼帯の製造方法 |
| JPS6156708A (ja) * | 1984-08-28 | 1986-03-22 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 連続熱間圧延設備列 |
| DE3525457C3 (de) * | 1985-07-17 | 1999-06-10 | Mannesmann Ag | Walzwerk zur Herstellung warmgewalzter Stahlbänder |
-
1986
- 1986-11-06 DE DE3637893A patent/DE3637893C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-09-30 ZA ZA877350A patent/ZA877350B/xx unknown
- 1987-10-03 EP EP87114449A patent/EP0266564B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-03 DE DE8787114449T patent/DE3777954D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-03 AT AT87114449T patent/ATE74296T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-03 ES ES87114449T patent/ES2029818T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-27 IN IN778/MAS/87A patent/IN170340B/en unknown
- 1987-10-30 DD DD87308426A patent/DD262602A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-30 MX MX9089A patent/MX160204A/es unknown
- 1987-11-02 KR KR1019870012228A patent/KR960002400B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-02 RU SU874203574A patent/RU2057601C1/ru active
- 1987-11-03 CN CN87107665A patent/CN1042204C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-05 BR BR8705955A patent/BR8705955A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-05 JP JP62278437A patent/JPH082449B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-06 CA CA000551190A patent/CA1320063C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-06 US US07/118,584 patent/US4817703A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-04-02 GR GR920400611T patent/GR3004260T3/el unknown
-
1993
- 1993-06-08 LV LVP-93-520A patent/LV10934B/lv unknown
-
1994
- 1994-01-13 LT LTIP1769A patent/LT3832B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR3004260T3 (cs) | 1993-03-31 |
| ES2029818T3 (es) | 1992-10-01 |
| IN170340B (cs) | 1992-03-14 |
| LTIP1769A (en) | 1995-07-25 |
| RU2057601C1 (ru) | 1996-04-10 |
| DE3637893A1 (de) | 1988-05-19 |
| US4817703A (en) | 1989-04-04 |
| CN87107665A (zh) | 1988-06-29 |
| EP0266564A2 (de) | 1988-05-11 |
| LV10934B (en) | 1996-06-20 |
| JPH082449B2 (ja) | 1996-01-17 |
| JPS63132703A (ja) | 1988-06-04 |
| KR880005980A (ko) | 1988-07-21 |
| ATE74296T1 (de) | 1992-04-15 |
| DD262602A5 (de) | 1988-12-07 |
| LV10934A (lv) | 1995-12-20 |
| DE3777954D1 (de) | 1992-05-07 |
| KR960002400B1 (ko) | 1996-02-17 |
| CA1320063C (en) | 1993-07-13 |
| BR8705955A (pt) | 1988-06-14 |
| EP0266564B1 (de) | 1992-04-01 |
| LT3832B (en) | 1996-04-25 |
| EP0266564A3 (en) | 1988-09-14 |
| ZA877350B (en) | 1989-05-30 |
| MX160204A (es) | 1989-12-26 |
| CN1042204C (zh) | 1999-02-24 |
| DE3637893C2 (de) | 1996-02-08 |
| ES2029818T5 (es) | 1999-11-16 |
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