EP0265632B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en contreplaqué présentant des découpes et l'outil de poinçonnage pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en contreplaqué présentant des découpes et l'outil de poinçonnage pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0265632B1
EP0265632B1 EP19870112760 EP87112760A EP0265632B1 EP 0265632 B1 EP0265632 B1 EP 0265632B1 EP 19870112760 EP19870112760 EP 19870112760 EP 87112760 A EP87112760 A EP 87112760A EP 0265632 B1 EP0265632 B1 EP 0265632B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
veneer
punching
workpiece
cut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19870112760
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0265632A3 (en
EP0265632A2 (fr
Inventor
Peter Pelz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Empe-Werke Ernst Pelz GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Empe-Werke Ernst Pelz GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Empe-Werke Ernst Pelz GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Empe-Werke Ernst Pelz GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0265632A2 publication Critical patent/EP0265632A2/fr
Publication of EP0265632A3 publication Critical patent/EP0265632A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0265632B1 publication Critical patent/EP0265632B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/04—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by punching out
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/40—Cutting-out; Stamping-out using a press, e.g. of the ram type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • B27D1/083—Presses specially designed for making the manufacture of shaped plywood articles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1054—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing and simultaneously bonding [e.g., cut-seaming]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
    • Y10T156/107—Punching and bonding pressure application by punch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9411—Cutting couple type
    • Y10T83/9416—To punch and cut punched article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a veneer workpiece in the form of a flat plate or the like according to the preamble of claim 1 and a press stamping tool with the aid of which the method can be carried out.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a press punching tool of the generic type in which the amount of work is considerably less than previously, the procedure is inexpensive and the aesthetic appearance of the veneer workpiece produced is flawless.
  • this object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and with the aid of a press punching tool according to claim 5.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the method and the tool are the subject of the respective dependent claims.
  • veneer veneers with cutouts the peripheral wall of which is veneered
  • the invention in which the gluing of the workpiece from individual layers and the cutting of the cutout with the subsequent veneers of the peripheral wall of the cutout take place in a single press-stamping process. Instead of the seven operations that were necessary in the previous procedure, only a single press stamping operation is required.
  • the invention offers numerous advantages: the method according to the invention is simple to carry out, since only a single operation is required; the lead time through production is very short; in a single operation, a cleanly manufactured veneer workpiece is delivered, which does not require rework; the procedure according to the invention saves material, since no cover veneer strips are required as edge veneers and no glue required to glue them on; the method according to the invention is extremely labor-saving in that it replaces the seven operations required in the prior art by a single combined press-stamping operation, as already stated; the veneer piece according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture, since the effort for wage and ancillary wage costs is low; the method according to the invention saves investment and space by only occupies a workstation with a hydraulic press for the press punching tool; and finally, the insertion of fastening parts can be integrated in the press stamping operation, for example on the flat back of the veneer workpiece facing the counter tool, for example according to the teaching of DE-GM 78 23 688.
  • the cover veneer of the viewing surface can be pulled down into the depth of the cutout to the boundary edge with the rear surface, as already explained, so that the peripheral wall of the cutout is covered with cover veneer and this receives a sharply formed cutout edge by displacing the veneer layers in the lower part of the cutout edge. This eliminates all other cleaning work required at this point. There is also no need for any work with the cover veneer strips required in the prior art, and these themselves, including the adhesive required for gluing, which means that the procedure according to the invention is very labor-intensive and also saves material.
  • the underside of the veneer workpiece to be produced is always flat by being pressed onto the surface of the lower tool, so that the veneer workpiece can be glued on without further preparatory work, for example milling a support surface.
  • face milling as has been necessary up to now, the veneer workpieces can also warp easily because the counter veneers are partially destroyed and one-sided tensile forces can occur.
  • the press punching according to the invention and the pulling in of the cover veneer down to the cut-out edges are easier, the greater the radius of curvature of the peripheral wall of the cut-out, since the elasticity of the wood from which the cover veneer is made is proportionate both lengthways and transversely to the grain of the wood is low.
  • the need to achieve the sharpest possible cut edges, because round cut edges can cover parts of any tables, scales etc. to be framed, can be largely met, since the method according to the invention enables the technically flawless production of sharp cut edges very economically, which makes the aesthetic Requirements for cutouts in areas can be met to a far greater extent than is the case with the prior art.
  • a stamping tool 12 shown there designed as the upper tool of the press stamping tool forming the device according to the invention, has a conical envelope-shaped displacement surface on its lower surface in FIG. 1, facing a counter tool 14 shown in FIG 16, which ends on its side facing the counter tool 14 into a circular cutting edge 18 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • a curved shaped surface 20 bent into a four-part circle, rises to a pressing surface 22, which runs essentially parallel to the surface of the genetic tool 14.
  • an evasive surface 24 set back with respect to the pressing surface 22 can be seen.
  • FIG. 2 also shows that the surface 26 of the counter tool 14 facing the punching tool 12 is flat.
  • FIG. 1 shows a shaped edge 28 with rounded surfaces which does not come into contact with the surface 26 of the punch 14 when the punch 12 and counter tool 14 move together, so that the veneer material is drawn in in the direction is not hindered on the cutout to be made.
  • the punching tool 12 has a number of cutting edges 18 etc. for producing several cutouts. Furthermore, Fig. 3 shows that the punch 12 is provided with a spacing surface 30, which comes into contact with the surface 26 of the punch 14 when the punch 12 and counter tool 14 move together and prevents the cutting edges 18 of the punch 12 from contacting the surface 26 of the counter tool 14 come into contact and could be damaged as a result, the distance between the cutting edges 18 and the surface 26 of the counter-tool 14 being only a few hundredths of a millimeter when the spacing surface 30 bears against the surface 26.
  • Fig. 4 finally shows how base veneer layers 32 and a dashed veneer layer 34 of the veneer tool are deformed when the punching tool 12 and counter-tool 14 move together, the veneer layer 34 covering the entire circumferential wall of the cutout and up to that Gengentechnikmaschine 14 facing flat back surface of the veneer workpiece to be produced extends.
  • the device described above works as follows when carrying out the method according to the invention for producing the veneer workpiece according to the invention:
  • the upper tool ie the punching tool 12
  • the upper tool is used for shaping and cutting and has the cutting and squeezing edges in the form of the cutting edges 18 for the removal of the waste piece filling the cutout and the displacement of the material at the cutting edges.
  • the stamping tool 12 also has the shaped edge 28 on its outer edge in the manner described, by means of which a rounded outer edge can also be formed there if necessary.
  • the shaped edge 28 does not, however, extend to the surface 26 of the counter-tool 14 in the closed state of the press-punching tool and also has no sharp cut surfaces on its side facing the surface 26, rather the shaped edge 28 is rounded off so that the top veneer layer 34 of the Veneer workpiece that occurs when molding in the direction of the cutting edges 18 Tensile stress is not a hindrance.
  • the distance surface 30 to the surface 26 of the counter-tool 14 has such a distance that the cutting edges 18 of the punch 12 come up to a few hundredths of a millimeter to the surface 26 of the counter-tool 14 when the press punch tool is closed, ensures that the cutting edges 18 Cut the material of the veneer layers 32 and 34, which form the cutout waste, to such an extent that the piece of waste, which in the state still consists of loose veneer sheets, falls out and a sharp boundary edge is created on the inner edge of the cutout produced.
  • Both parts of the press stamping tool that is to say both the stamping tool 12 and the counter tool 14, are heated, the heating temperature being in the range of approximately 140 ° C. in the preferably provided method of working with a phenolic resin glue film.
  • the phenolic resin changes into a liquid phase, as a result of which the slidability of the individual layers required for shaping and warping the top veneer layer 34 and, in part, the base veneer layers 32 is achieved.
  • the required pressure which is sufficient for the bonding of the individual layers, the cutting pressure and the displacement pressures that are required at the cutting edge of the cutout, is preferably approximately 8 to 10 kp / cm2.
  • the method according to the invention represents a combined gluing and pressing process.
  • the procedure is as follows: Since the workpiece consists of individual layers of veneer, first the layering of the base veneer layers 32 and the cover veneer layer 34 is gathered and placed on the surface 26 of the counter tool 14. The press punching process is then initiated in that the upper punch tool 12 approaches the lower counter tool 14. As it goes down, the cutting edge 18 releases the waste piece from the cutout and presses the edges of the workpiece to be formed down with the shaped surfaces 20 and the displacement surfaces 16. This begins the displacement process against the workpiece material at the cut edges of the workpiece, which increases the further the cutting edges 18 of the punching tool 12 approach the surface 16, serving as a support surface, of the lower counter tool 14.
  • the deformation and displacement pressure on the cut-out edges is accompanied by a tensile effect on the wood surface of the top veneer layer 34 and partly also on the adjacent layers of the base veneer layers 32 and pulls these, which have become slidable due to the dissolved phenolic resin in the phenolic resin film, to the lower boundary edge of the Cutout down so that the cover veneer layer 34 pressed down by the deformation pressure forms a sharp, hard boundary edge on the surface facing the surface 26 of the counter-tool 14, which requires no further processing, for example by milling.
  • the tensile effect is sufficient to pull the cover veneer layer 34 down to the lower boundary edge of the cutout facing the surface 26 and thus completely cover the peripheral wall of the cutout, including the shape or limit edge, with the cover veneer.
  • cut-out edges with a larger radius of curvature and with a smaller radius of curvature are possible.
  • the underside can be pressed out flat, so that the veneer workpiece can be glued on without a special operation.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Wood Veneers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en contreplaqué en forme de panneau plat ou analogue, constituée d'une couche de base, d'un placage extérieur comprenant au moins une couche de placage extérieur en bois, et d'au moins une découpe traversant la couche de base et le placage extérieur, la couche de base et le placage extérieur étant collés l'un à l'autre par apport de chaleur au moyen d'un adhésif à base de résine synthétique ou analogue, caractérisé en ce que :
    a) une découpe traversant la couche de base et le placage extérieur est réalisée ;
    b) le collage de la couche de base avec le placage extérieur, la réalisation de la découpe et le garnissage des parois périphériques de la découpe avec le placage extérieur s'effectuent en une seule opération de poinçonnage par compression ;
    c) la couche de placage extérieur étant enfoncée, à partir de la surface de la pièce en contre-plaqué, dans la découpe en garnissant les parois périphériques de cette dernière, jusqu'au bord de la découpe définissant la transition entre la paroi périphérique et la surface opposée de la pièce en contre-plaqué ;
    d) l'opération de poinçonnage par compression étant réalisée à une température d'environ 140 °C de façon que l'adhésif à base de résine synthétique passe en phase liquide ;
    e) lors de l'opération de poinçonnage par compression, la couche de placage extérieur étant déplacée, sur la couche glissante de l'adhésif en fusion à base de résine synthétique, par rapport à la couche de base en direction de la découpe.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on emploie une pellicule de résine phénolique pour coller les couches de placage.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on emploie de la colle à base de résine synthétique pour coller les couches de placage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'opération de compression est réalisée à une pression de compression d'environ 10 kp/cm².
  5. Outil de poinçonnage par compression constitué d'un outil de poinçonnage (12), qui est muni d'au moins une arête de coupe (18) associée à une surface de refoulement (16) et à une surface de formage (20) pour réaliser une découpe, et d'un contre-outil sensiblement plan (14) en forme de plaque sensiblement plane, au moins l'outil de poinçonnage (12) pouvant être chauffé, caractérisé en ce que l'outil de poinçonnage (12) comporte une arête de formage (28) de forme arrondie à proximité du bord extérieur de la pièce en contre-plaqué que l'on veut réaliser, la distance entre l'arête de formage (28) et le dessus (26) du centre-outil (14) étant supérieure à la distance entre la ou les arêtes de coupe (18) et le dessus (26) lorsque l'outil de poinçonnage par compression est en position fermée.
  6. Outil de poinçonnage par compression selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'outil de poinçonnage (12) et/ou le contre-outil (14) peuvent être chauffés.
  7. Outil de poinçonnage par compression selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le contre-outil (14) fait fonction d'outil inférieur monté fixe en position sensiblement horizontale et l'outil de poinçonnage (12) fait fonction d'outil supérieur pouvant être déplacé en hauteur par rapport à l'autre.
  8. Outil de poinçonnage par compression selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, sur l'outil de poinçonnage (12), au moins une surface d'écartement (30) pour empêcher que la ou les arêtes de coupe (18) de l'outil de poinçonnage (12) n'entrent en contact avec le dessus (26) du contre-outil (14).
EP19870112760 1986-10-28 1987-09-02 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en contreplaqué présentant des découpes et l'outil de poinçonnage pour sa mise en oeuvre Expired - Lifetime EP0265632B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863636587 DE3636587A1 (de) 1986-10-28 1986-10-28 Verfahren zum herstellen eines furnierwerkstueckes mit ausschnitt sowie pressstanzwerkzeug zu seiner durchfuehrung
DE3636587 1986-10-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0265632A2 EP0265632A2 (fr) 1988-05-04
EP0265632A3 EP0265632A3 (en) 1990-04-11
EP0265632B1 true EP0265632B1 (fr) 1994-01-12

Family

ID=6312607

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870112760 Expired - Lifetime EP0265632B1 (fr) 1986-10-28 1987-09-02 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en contreplaqué présentant des découpes et l'outil de poinçonnage pour sa mise en oeuvre

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4793393A (fr)
EP (1) EP0265632B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1289442C (fr)
DE (2) DE3636587A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2048728T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX160133A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10124912C1 (de) * 2001-05-17 2002-12-05 Achim Moeller Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensional verformten Körpers

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0325690B1 (fr) * 1988-01-27 1994-03-23 EMPE-WERKE ERNST PELZ GmbH & CO. KG Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en contre-plaqué avec placage en bois et l'outil de poinçonnage pour sa mise en oeuvre et produit ainsi obtenu
DE4002039A1 (de) * 1990-01-24 1991-07-25 Pelz Ernst Erpe Vertrieb Verfahren zum materialabhebenden bearbeiten von holzwerkstuecken sowie danach hergestelltes holzwerkstueck
US5662760A (en) * 1991-11-11 1997-09-02 Tsuda; Sotaro Method of manufacturing laminated veneer lumber and decorative laminated sheet utilizing the same
US5277953A (en) * 1991-11-11 1994-01-11 Sotaro Tsuda Laminated veneer lumber and decorative laminated sheet utilizing the same
GB9218148D0 (en) * 1992-08-26 1992-10-14 Automotive Fascia Systems Limi A method of producing veneer-faced moulded items
US6820784B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-11-23 Eastman Kodak Company Method of cutting a laminated web and reducing delamination
US20060053989A1 (en) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-16 International Business Machines Corporation Self-contained cassette material cutter and method of cutting

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2321740A (en) * 1939-06-15 1943-06-15 Arthur W Flint Article and a method of mounting characters of wood, or the like, on a background of wood, or similar materials

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DE49632C (de) * H. DOSTERSCHILL in Berlin NW., Lübeckerstr. 51. Schnittverfahren zur Herstellung verzierter und fournirter Reliefplatten
FR340237A (fr) * 1904-02-06 1904-06-29 Firme D Schneegass & Soehne Procédé et dispositif pour découper et estamper simultanément à froid des objets polis en bois
US1876330A (en) * 1932-01-29 1932-09-06 Emil C Loetscher Method of molding table tops and the like
DE833699C (de) * 1949-05-14 1952-03-10 Paul Harder Verfahren zur Herstellung einer furnierten Platte mit mindestens einer Woelbung und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte furnierte Platte
DE931436C (de) * 1952-09-05 1955-08-08 Ernst Steinbrenner Verfahren zum Herstellen von Tapetenleisten aus zwei oder mehr Furnierlagen
US3287195A (en) * 1961-11-17 1966-11-22 Continental Can Co Method of pressure welding thermoplastic film
US3713944A (en) * 1970-05-28 1973-01-30 Essex International Inc A method of manufacture of printed circuits by die stamping
US3990142A (en) * 1973-10-02 1976-11-09 Jerobee Industries, Inc. Circuit board, method of making the circuit board and improved die for making said board
DE2833578A1 (de) * 1978-07-31 1980-02-14 Ernst Pelz Kombiniertes press- und stanzwerkzeug
US4320572A (en) * 1980-03-19 1982-03-23 Gte Products Corporation Die-stamped circuit board assembly having relief means-method of making
EP0061505B1 (fr) * 1981-03-26 1984-11-28 Carl Freudenberg Firma Procédé pour la fabrication d'une semelle intérieure à coussins

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2321740A (en) * 1939-06-15 1943-06-15 Arthur W Flint Article and a method of mounting characters of wood, or the like, on a background of wood, or similar materials

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10124912C1 (de) * 2001-05-17 2002-12-05 Achim Moeller Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensional verformten Körpers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2048728T3 (es) 1994-04-01
US4793393A (en) 1988-12-27
EP0265632A3 (en) 1990-04-11
EP0265632A2 (fr) 1988-05-04
DE3636587C2 (fr) 1989-01-19
DE3788775D1 (de) 1994-02-24
MX160133A (es) 1989-12-06
CA1289442C (fr) 1991-09-24
DE3636587A1 (de) 1988-05-11

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