EP0258343A1 - Pigments anti-corrosifs, leur preparation et utilisation - Google Patents

Pigments anti-corrosifs, leur preparation et utilisation

Info

Publication number
EP0258343A1
EP0258343A1 EP87901433A EP87901433A EP0258343A1 EP 0258343 A1 EP0258343 A1 EP 0258343A1 EP 87901433 A EP87901433 A EP 87901433A EP 87901433 A EP87901433 A EP 87901433A EP 0258343 A1 EP0258343 A1 EP 0258343A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pigments
weight
dichromate
pigment
chromate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87901433A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Gawol
Gerhard Adrian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Hans Heubach GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dr Hans Heubach GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dr Hans Heubach GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dr Hans Heubach GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0258343A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258343A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0003—Compounds of molybdenum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0081—Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0081—Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound
    • C09C1/0084—Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound containing titanium dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/02—Compounds of alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/04—Compounds of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/22—Compounds of iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
    • C09C1/3692—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C1/3615 - C09C1/3684
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/006—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C09C3/063—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
    • C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
    • C09D5/084—Inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to develop environmentally friendly, in particular occupationally less harmful corrosion protection pigments which are able to replace zinc and strontium chromate, especially in base coats for different metal substrates.
  • Chromic acid can be improved significantly.
  • the invention accordingly relates to metal oxide
  • -phosphate and / or molybdate-containing corrosion protection pigments preferably basic metal phosphate and molybdate pigments based on the metals zinc, aluminum, iron, barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium and titanium, individually or in combination, in addition to metal oxide,
  • Metal phosphate and / or metal molybdate has a soluble sodium dichromate content of 0.03-2% by weight, preferably 0.2-0.6% by weight, or equivalent amounts of potassium or ammonium dichromates or equivalent amounts of the corresponding Chromates or chromic acid, based on the total weight of the pigment.
  • the combination for example the basic metal phosphate pigments with the soluble alkali metal or ammonium dichromate or the corresponding chromate or chromic acid, has proven to be particularly effective according to the invention if it combines with the pigment sludge of the base pigment after the chemical reaction and wet confectioning are thoroughly mixed before drying, in particular using shear forces. In this way, the uniform distribution of the dissolved chromate component required for optimum effectiveness can be achieved.
  • the uniform and optimal distribution of the chromate component in the pigment or in a pigment combination . n is also possible by dry mixing the components, but subsequent intensive grinding, for example in a pin, turbo or jet mill, is necessary.
  • This preparation of the dried pigment can also be advantageous if the chromate components are added to the wet pigment before drying. In both cases, final screening to achieve fractions with certain particle sizes can be advantageous for certain applications.
  • a further advantageous variant of the combination of the corrosion protection pigment with the chromate components mentioned is to add pigments and / or fillers such as titanium dioxide, barium sulfate or talcum etc. to the pigment sludge before drying or the dried pigment after addition of the chromate components mentioned usually used in the formulation of primers.
  • the pigments and filler components can also be added before the soluble chromate components are added.
  • the amount of such additives is preferably 5 to 20% by weight, in particular 15 to 20% by weight, of the total pigment. -4- l According to a preferred embodiment, the
  • Example 1 basic zinc phosphate is prepared and this is then in the aqueous slurry at a temperature of 70 - 90 ° C with an almost boiling solution of 0.8 wt .-% (based on dry pigment) phthalic anhydride and 10 parts of water for a period of 30 min.
  • the product separated by filtration is mixed with 0.3% by weight (based on dry pigment) of sodium dichromate, this is mixed in uniformly in an intensive mixer and then the pigment sludge is dried at 105 ° C. and the dried product is then ground or marry and sighted.
  • Example 2 basic zinc phosphate is prepared, then phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride is added in the manner described, 10% by weight (based on dry pigment) barium sulfate and 10% by weight (based on dry pigment) talc are then added and after the addition from 0.4. % By weight (based on dry pigment) sodium dichromate is mixed intensively. The pigment sludge obtained is then dried at 105 ° C. and the dried product is then ground or ground and classified.
  • the basic zinc phosphate prepared according to Example 3 with barium and talc is dried (without the addition of dichromate) at 105 ° C. and, after dry preparation, 0.4 wt.% Ammonium dichromate is added in a mixer and the intensively premixed product is then added grind on a turbo mill.
  • Epoxy resin epoxy equivalent weight 450-525
  • Epoxy resin epoxy equivalent weight 450-525
  • Epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent weight 175-185) 8.4 Organically modified ontmorinonite 1.15
  • PV / KPVK (critical pigment volume concentration) 0.7

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)

Abstract

Des pigments anti-corrosifs contenant des oxydes métalliques, des phosphates métalliques et/ou du molybdate à base de métaux zinc, aluminium, fer, baryum, strontium, calcium, magnésium et titane, isolés ou associés, contiennent en outre entre 0,03 et 2% en poids de bichromate de sodium soluble ou d'une quantité équivalente de bichromate de potassium ou d'ammonium ou des quantités équivalentes des chromates ou acides chromiques correspondants. Ces pigments sont préparés par homogénéisation totale des parties chromates et ils sont utilisés comme apprêt sur des fonds métalliques ferreux ou non ferreux.
EP87901433A 1986-02-20 1987-02-13 Pigments anti-corrosifs, leur preparation et utilisation Withdrawn EP0258343A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863605526 DE3605526A1 (de) 1986-02-20 1986-02-20 Neue korrosionsschutzpigmente und ihre herstellung und anwendung
DE3605526 1986-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258343A1 true EP0258343A1 (fr) 1988-03-09

Family

ID=6294579

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87901433A Withdrawn EP0258343A1 (fr) 1986-02-20 1987-02-13 Pigments anti-corrosifs, leur preparation et utilisation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4840668A (fr)
EP (1) EP0258343A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63502597A (fr)
AU (1) AU7039587A (fr)
DE (1) DE3605526A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987005040A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3731737A1 (de) * 1987-09-21 1989-03-30 Heubach Hans Dr Gmbh Co Kg Korrosionsschutzpigmente auf der basis von erdalkalihydrogenphosphaten
DE3813335A1 (de) * 1988-04-21 1989-11-02 Basf Ag Metalloxidbeschichtete aluminiumpigmente
US5244956A (en) * 1988-08-09 1993-09-14 Lockheed Corporation Corrosion inhibiting coating composition
AT404182B (de) * 1993-06-03 1998-09-25 Ica Innoconsult Ag Korrosionsschutzverfahren für verbrennungsanlagen
US5993523A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-11-30 Silberline Manufacturing Co., Inc. Inhibited metal pigment pastes containing molybdate pigments and suitable for aqueous coating compositions
CA2453005A1 (fr) * 2003-12-17 2005-06-17 Fermag Inc. Procede hydrometallurgique de separation des poussieres d`acieries utilisant un four a arc et pigments obtenus par le procede
JP4313750B2 (ja) * 2004-11-04 2009-08-12 新日本製鐵株式会社 埋設地際部の腐食防御性を有する鋼製柱
BRPI0611831A2 (pt) * 2005-06-17 2010-09-28 Ferrinov Inc pigmentos anticorrosão derivados da poeira de um forno de arco voltaico e contendo cálcio sacrificial
US8322754B2 (en) * 2006-12-01 2012-12-04 Tenaris Connections Limited Nanocomposite coatings for threaded connections
AR100953A1 (es) 2014-02-19 2016-11-16 Tenaris Connections Bv Empalme roscado para una tubería de pozo de petróleo
DE102014119472A1 (de) 2014-12-22 2016-06-23 Leibniz-Institut Für Neue Materialien Gemeinnützige Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von anisotropen Zinkphosphat-Partikeln und Zink-Metall-Mischphosphatpartikeln und ihre Verwendung

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1082C (de) * 1877-08-27 E. LANGEN in Köln Verfahren, harten weifsen Zucker mittels der Centrifuge darzustellen
DE667135C (de) * 1934-07-01 1938-11-04 Axel Viggo Blom Dr Chromverbindungen enthaltende Rostschutzfarbe
US2172505A (en) * 1935-12-16 1939-09-12 Henry A Gardner Pigment and process for preparing the same
DE747780C (de) * 1939-01-21 1944-10-13 Herstellung von Korrosionsschutzpigmenten
US3248251A (en) * 1963-06-28 1966-04-26 Teleflex Inc Inorganic coating and bonding composition
US3443977A (en) * 1967-11-13 1969-05-13 Pfizer & Co C Anticorrosion pigments
US3963472A (en) * 1969-06-27 1976-06-15 Union Oil Company Of California Process for preventing corrosion by incorporative soluble metal chromates in fertilizer solutions
US3656975A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-04-18 Teleflex Inc Coating composition
US3969127A (en) * 1972-07-07 1976-07-13 The Sherwin-Williams Company Molybdate corrosion inhibiting pigment and method for preparing same
US3874883A (en) * 1972-07-07 1975-04-01 American Metal Climax Inc Corrosion inhibiting pigment and method of making same
US4017315A (en) * 1975-06-27 1977-04-12 Amax Inc. Molybdate-phosphate corrosion inhibiting pigment
DE3046697A1 (de) * 1980-12-11 1982-07-15 Goslarer Farbenwerke Dr. Hans Heubach GmbH & Co KG, 3394 Langelsheim Korrosionsschutzpigmente sowie ihre verwendung in anstrichmitteln
CA1162727A (fr) * 1981-12-11 1984-02-28 Wigo Haacke Pigments anticorrosion, et leur emploi en peinture

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8705040A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63502597A (ja) 1988-09-29
WO1987005040A1 (fr) 1987-08-27
DE3605526C2 (fr) 1989-10-05
DE3605526A1 (de) 1987-08-27
AU7039587A (en) 1987-09-09
US4840668A (en) 1989-06-20

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Inventor name: ADRIAN, GERHARD