EP0258253B1 - Echangeur thermique - Google Patents

Echangeur thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258253B1
EP0258253B1 EP86903682A EP86903682A EP0258253B1 EP 0258253 B1 EP0258253 B1 EP 0258253B1 EP 86903682 A EP86903682 A EP 86903682A EP 86903682 A EP86903682 A EP 86903682A EP 0258253 B1 EP0258253 B1 EP 0258253B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
tube
heat exchanger
medium
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86903682A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0258253A1 (fr
Inventor
Erik Kristian Sten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Blackstone Sweden AB
Original Assignee
Blackstone Sweden AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blackstone Sweden AB filed Critical Blackstone Sweden AB
Priority to AT86903682T priority Critical patent/ATE62542T1/de
Publication of EP0258253A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258253A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0258253B1 publication Critical patent/EP0258253B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger operated by a first medium and a second medium and comprising a tank having an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber and containing said first medium, as well as a heat transfer pile with tubes for circulating said first medium, said tubes having a U channel with an inlet for connection to said inlet chamber and an outlet for connection to said outlet chamber, said heat transfer pile having fin units arranged alternately with said tubes and adapted to guide said second medium past said tubes, each tube being flat and closed at its one end portion and having a longitudinal partition, the inner end of which extends to a point at a distance from the closed tube end, thereby to form said U channel, and said tank comprising pairs of connecting pieces and adhesive troughs for securing said tubes to said tank.
  • a heat exchanger comprising a plastics tank and metal tubes as well as a method of making such a heat exchanger are disclosed by EP 0,000,189, according to which round tubes bent into U shape are connected with a tank having an inlet and an outlet chamber separated from each other such that a U-shaped flow is imparted to the cooling or heating medium within the heat exchanger. Furthermore, it is previously known to provide a heat exchanger with flat tubes between two tanks, thereby to provide a larger heat transfer surface and to reduce the heat exchanger dimensions without detracting from its heat transfer capacity.
  • the present invention aims at establishing a better adhesive seal between the tank made of injection moulded plastics and the heat transfer pile made of aluminium.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a heat exchanger 1 with a heat transfer pile 2 comprising on the one hand a plurality of tubes 3 for circulating a first medium, such as water, and on the other hand a plurality of fin units 4 which are arranged alternately with the tubes 3 and past which a second medium, such as air, is intended to flow.
  • the heat exchanger 1 can operate both as a heater and as a cooler.
  • the fin units 4 consists of a perforated and folded strip.
  • Each tube 3 has at one end an inlet 5 and an outlet 6 and is closed at its other end.
  • Each tube 3 has a partition in the form of a rod 7 which is inserted in the tube 3 and has its inner end located at a distance from the closed end of the tube, whereby a U channel for circulation of the water is formed.
  • the water thus enters at the inlet 5, flows through the U channel and is discharged through the outlet 6.
  • a tank 8 having an inlet chamber 9 and an outlet chamber 10 is connected to the open ends of the tubes 3, the tube inlet 5 communicating with the inlet chamber 9 and the tube outlet 6 communicating with the outlet chamber 10.
  • the water flows into the inlet chamber 10 of the tank 8 via an inlet piece 11 and then flows through the U channels of the tubes 3 and into the outlet chamber 10 of the tank 8, from which the water is finally discharged via an outlet piece 12 schematically illustrated in Fig.
  • the second medium is air which flows through the fin units 4 in the direction of the arrow A. If the heat exchanger is used as a cooler, the air flow cools the water in the tubes 3, and inversely the air flow is heated by the water when the heat exchanger is used as a heater, for example a car heater.
  • the specific flat shape of the tubes 3 provides a large heat transfer area which, together with the U shaped water flow path, gives an excellent exchange of heat.
  • the heat exchanger 1 has upper and lower plates 13 to stiffen the heat transfer pile 2.
  • the rear end wall 14 of the heat exchanger 1 consists of tube end portions 15 bent through about 90° when the tubes 3 are closed.
  • the tank 8 constitutes the front end wall.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the construction of a tube 3.
  • the tube which preferably is made of aluminium, has a U channel with an inlet 5 and an outlet 6.
  • the end of the tube 3 is closed by bending the end portion 15 through about 90°, and the rod 7 is inserted to form a partition within the tube 3.
  • the outer end portion 16 of the rod 7 projects beyond the open tube end, i.e. past the inlet 5 and the outlet 6, while its inner end 17 is located at a distance from the closed tube end 15.
  • the tube 3 is flanged to provide a larger inlet and outlet area upon connection to the connecting pieces described below.
  • the flanging also serves to reduce the throttling which occurs at the junction between the tubes and the connecting pieces.
  • the outer side of the tube 3 has indentations 18 to provide discontinuities within the tube. These discontinuities produce a turbulent water flow and serve as guide means for the rod 7.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a section of the tube 3 and clearly shows the flat tube shape.
  • the space of the tube 3 to the right of the rod 7 constitutes the inlet side of the U channel, while the left-hand space constitutes the tube outlet side.
  • the indentations 18 in the upper and lower sides of the tube 3 form internal ridges 19 and serve to produce a turbulent flow.
  • the ridges 19 preferably are slightly oblique and, together with the rod 7, form an arrow-head pattern (see Fig. 2).
  • the partition may be formed, instead of by the rod 7, by impressing from the flat sides of the tube 3 longitudinal ridges which are sealingly interconnected in a subsequent operation.
  • the ridge portion thus impressed has preferably the same extent in the tube 3 as the rod 7 (see Fig. 2).
  • Fig. 4 shows that part of the tank 8 which is to be connected to the inlets 5 and outlets 6 of the tubes 3.
  • First projecting connecting pieces 20 correspond to the inlets 5 of the tubes 3, while second projecting connecting pieces 21 correspond to the outlets 6 of the tubes 3.
  • a recess 23 is provided which is adapted to accommodate the end portion 16 of the rod 7 projecting from the tube 3.
  • Each pair of connecting pieces 20, 21 is surrounded by throughs 22 which are shallower than the recess 23.
  • Each connecting piece has adhesive passages 26, the function of which will be described below.
  • Each pair of connecting pieces 20, 21 and each trough 22 are surrounded by a wall 27 which is considerably thicker than the connecting pieces 20, 21.
  • an adhesive for example glue
  • the tank 8 Upon connection of the tank 8 to the inlets 5 and outlets 6 of the tubes 3 comprised by the heat transfer pile 2, an adhesive, for example glue, is first applied to the troughs 22, whereupon the tank 8 is pressed onto the open flanged ends of the tubes 3, any excess adhesive flowing into the adhesive passages 26 to ensure tight connection.
  • the projecting end portion 16 of the rod 7 (see Fig. 2) is received in the recess 23 which preferably is also filled with adhesive to further stabilise the connection.
  • the heat exchanger 1 operates as follows.
  • the water to be cooled flows into the tank 8 via the inlet piece 11 and on through the U channels of the tubes 3 and leaves the tank 8 through the outlet piece 12.
  • the air flows in a zigzag-like manner through the heat transfer pile 2 comprising the tubes 3 and the fin units 4, and because of the above-mentioned slits 29, 30 the air is distributed through the entire pile 2 to ensure satisfactory heat exchange.
  • the ridges 19 in the tubes 3 promote turbulent flow of the water passing through the U channels of the tubes 3, whereby the heat exchange is further improved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Echangeur de chaleur travaillant avec un premier fluide et un second fluide et comprenant un réservoir (8) de matière plastique qui a une chambre d'entrée (9) et une chambre de sortie (10) et qui contient le premier fluide, ainsi qu'un empilement (2) de transfert de chaleur ayant des tubes métalliques (3) de circulation du premier fluide, les tubes (3) ayant un canal en U qui a une entrée (5) destinée à être raccordée à la chambre d'entrée (9) et une sortie (6) destinée à être raccordée à la chambre de sortie (10), l'empilement de transfert de chaleur (2) ayant des ensembles (4) à ailettes disposés en alternance avec les tubes (3) et destinés à guider le second fluide le long des tubes (3), chaque tube (3) étant plat et étant fermé, à sa première partie d'extrémité (15) et ayant une cloison longitudinale (7), l'extrémité interne de la cloison rejoignant un emplacement qui est à une certaine distance de l'extrémité fermée (15) du tube si bien que le canal en U est formé, et le réservoir (8) comporte des paires d'éléments de connexion (20, 21) et des rigoles (22) de circulation d'adhésif destiné à fixer les tubes (3) au réservoir (8), la disposition étant telle que chaque rigole (22) entoure l'une des paires d'éléments de connexion (20, 21) et telle que chaque tube (3) s'ajuste de manière relativement intime dans sa rigole (22), caractérisé en ce que la paroi externe des éléments de connexion (20, 21) a des passages (26) de circulation d'adhésif destinés à contenir l'excès d'adhésif lors du montage des tubes (3) sur les éléments de connexion (20, 21).
2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la cloison (7) est sous forme d'un élément longitudinal séparé (7) dont la partie d'extrémité externe (16) dépasse de l'extrémité ouverte du tube (3).
3. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la cloison (7) est formée de deux nervures comprimées intimement et repoussées dans le tube.
4. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (3) ont des discontinuités internes (19) destinées à assurer un écoulement turbulent du premier fluide et à guider la cloison (7).
5. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la partie d'extrémité fermée (15) de chaque tube (3) a été repliée de 90° environ, et les parties pliées d'extrémité forment ensemble une paroi d'extrémité de l'échangeur de chaleur.
6. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la partie d'extrémité ouverte de chaque tube (3) est élargie afin qu'elle soit raccordée au réservoir (8).
7. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le réservoir (8) comporte, entre les éléments de connexion (20, 21) de chaque paire, une cavité (23) destinée à loger la partie d'extrémité en saillie (16) de la cloison (17).
8. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que chaque ensemble à ailettes (4) est sous forme d'une bande repliée ayant des perforations-destinées à répartir l'écoulement du second fluide dans l'ensemble à ailettes (4).
EP86903682A 1985-06-18 1986-06-05 Echangeur thermique Expired - Lifetime EP0258253B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86903682T ATE62542T1 (de) 1985-06-18 1986-06-05 Waermetauscher.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8503013A SE457476B (sv) 1985-06-18 1985-06-18 Foerfarande foer framstaellning av vaermevaexlare i vilken det ena mediet leds i u-formade kanaler
SE8503013 1985-06-18

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89101072.0 Division-Into 1989-01-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258253A1 EP0258253A1 (fr) 1988-03-09
EP0258253B1 true EP0258253B1 (fr) 1991-04-10

Family

ID=20360614

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89101072A Expired - Lifetime EP0319520B1 (fr) 1985-06-18 1986-06-05 Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur
EP86903682A Expired - Lifetime EP0258253B1 (fr) 1985-06-18 1986-06-05 Echangeur thermique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89101072A Expired - Lifetime EP0319520B1 (fr) 1985-06-18 1986-06-05 Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0319520B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE76184T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3685335D1 (fr)
ES (2) ES8801595A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE457476B (fr)
WO (1) WO1986007628A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3809944A1 (de) * 1988-03-24 1989-10-12 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr Waermetauscher, insbesondere kuehler fuer einen verbrennungsmotor eines kraftfahrzeuges, und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE4026988C2 (de) * 1990-08-25 1999-10-28 Behr Gmbh & Co Wärmetauscher mit einem Paket aus Flachrohren und Wellrippeneinheiten
SE469912C (sv) * 1992-09-30 1996-04-22 Valeo Engine Cooling Ab Fordonskylare med platta rör i rader där rören har vidgade ändpartier och däremellan närliggande rad vidrörande partier
FR2737557B1 (fr) * 1995-07-31 1997-09-12 Valeo Climatisation Tube a circulation en u pour echangeur de chaleur et son procede de fabrication
FR2738905B1 (fr) * 1995-09-20 1997-12-05 Valeo Climatisation Tube d'echangeur de chaleur a canaux de circulation a contre-courant
FR2786558B1 (fr) 1998-11-30 2001-02-02 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa Tube plat pour echangeur de chaleur de largeur reduite
DE10127084B4 (de) * 2000-06-17 2019-05-29 Mahle International Gmbh Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
ITTV20070115A1 (it) * 2007-06-26 2008-12-27 Galvanin Luigino S P A Scambiatore di calore per caldaia
GB2509762B (en) 2013-01-14 2015-02-04 Halla Visteon Climate Control Tube for Heat Exchanger
US11802733B2 (en) 2019-09-27 2023-10-31 Zhejiang Dunan Artificial Environment Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger
CN111958197B (zh) * 2020-08-17 2022-04-22 青岛恒恩智能装备有限公司 内置式冷凝器成型贴敷的连续生产方法及设备

Family Cites Families (23)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE527341C (de) * 1931-06-17 Friedrich Emil Krauss Kuehler aus Schwarzblech fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
US1296058A (en) * 1918-01-09 1919-03-04 Fedders Mfg Co Inc Radiator.
US1910486A (en) * 1930-01-13 1933-05-23 Wagner Rudolf Heat exchange apparatus
GB393390A (en) * 1932-03-23 1933-06-08 Thomas Bosanko Collins Heat exchange apparatus, particularly applicable to the radiators and oil coolers of automobile and aircraft engines
US2414159A (en) * 1943-04-19 1947-01-14 Modine Mfg Co Radiator construction
SE183405C1 (fr) * 1962-05-30 1963-04-30 Uddeholms Ab
FR1389144A (fr) * 1964-03-02 1965-02-12 échangeur de chaleur
FR1448155A (fr) * 1965-06-17 1966-01-28 Chausson Usines Sa Faisceau de radiateur à éléments empilés
FR1473291A (fr) * 1966-02-02 1967-03-17 échangeurs de chaleur
GB1277872A (en) * 1968-06-06 1972-06-14 Delaney Gallay Ltd Improvements in and relating to heat exchangers
JPS4824412B1 (fr) * 1970-07-16 1973-07-20
JPS5022751B1 (fr) * 1970-12-27 1975-08-01
US3708012A (en) * 1971-05-11 1973-01-02 Modine Mfg Co Heat exchanger
FR2147878A1 (en) * 1971-08-05 1973-03-11 Chausson Usines Sa Rectangular heat exchange tube - with seam soldered along support provided by an insert
CH527403A (de) * 1971-11-17 1972-08-31 Steeb Dieter Chr Wärmetauscher
GB1374982A (en) * 1972-04-28 1974-11-20 Ass Eng Ltd Heat exchangers
FR2222623A1 (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-10-18 Chausson Usines Sa Multi-tube motor vehicle radiator - has vert. U-shaped tubes joining separate sections of single water box
DE2855285A1 (de) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-03 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Waermetauscher, insbesondere zum kuehlen von oel durch luft bei einer brennkraftmaschine
GB2110812B (en) * 1981-11-28 1984-11-14 Imi Marston Ltd Heat exchanger
DE3209240C2 (de) * 1982-03-13 1985-09-26 Dieter Steinegg-Appenzell Steeb Kreuzstrom-Plattenwärmetauscher
US4470452A (en) * 1982-05-19 1984-09-11 Ford Motor Company Turbulator radiator tube and radiator construction derived therefrom
US4546824A (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-10-15 Mccord Heat Transfer Corporation Heat exchanger
DE3440489A1 (de) * 1984-11-06 1986-05-07 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Kuehler, insbesondere fuer die kuehlanlage eines verbrennungsmotors eines kraftfahrzeuges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES297013U (es) 1988-03-16
SE457476B (sv) 1988-12-27
EP0258253A1 (fr) 1988-03-09
SE8503013D0 (sv) 1985-06-18
ATE76184T1 (de) 1992-05-15
SE8503013L (sv) 1986-12-19
EP0319520B1 (fr) 1992-05-13
ES297013Y (es) 1988-11-16
WO1986007628A1 (fr) 1986-12-31
EP0319520A1 (fr) 1989-06-07
DE3685335D1 (de) 1992-06-17
ES556215A0 (es) 1988-02-16
ES8801595A1 (es) 1988-02-16

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