EP0255160B1 - Granular fertilizer with a degradative coating - Google Patents

Granular fertilizer with a degradative coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255160B1
EP0255160B1 EP87201214A EP87201214A EP0255160B1 EP 0255160 B1 EP0255160 B1 EP 0255160B1 EP 87201214 A EP87201214 A EP 87201214A EP 87201214 A EP87201214 A EP 87201214A EP 0255160 B1 EP0255160 B1 EP 0255160B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ethylene
coating
granular fertilizer
copolymer
fertilizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87201214A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0255160A3 (en
EP0255160A2 (en
Inventor
Toshio Fujita
Yoshisato Yamashita
Shigemitsu Yoshida
Katsutoshi Yamahira
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JNC Corp
Original Assignee
Chisso Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chisso Corp filed Critical Chisso Corp
Publication of EP0255160A2 publication Critical patent/EP0255160A2/en
Publication of EP0255160A3 publication Critical patent/EP0255160A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0255160B1 publication Critical patent/EP0255160B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a granular fertilizer with a coating which degrades by light or oxidation. More particularly it relates to a granular fertilizer with a coating comprising an ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer.
  • the product of the present invention it is possible to adjust the dissolving-out rate of the fertilizer component, depending on the preparation conditions of the coating.
  • coated granular fertilizers obtained by encapsulating i.e. coating granular fertilizers to adjust the dissolving-out rate of fertilizer component have been developed and gradually come to be practically used.
  • Such coated granular fertilizers include mainly those of the following two types in the aspect of coating process:
  • the latters i.e. those coated with high molecular materials are superier in the aspect of the high adjustability of the dissolving-out rate and small damage to the coating at the time of handling, etc.
  • the latters have raised such problems that as to the production process, the coating step with the high molecular materials is technically not easy, and decomposition of the residual coated material remaining after the product (coated granu-lar fertilizer) has been applied to soil requires a long time.
  • the present inventors have previously developed the technique of coating granular fertilizers with high molecular materials and controlling the dessolving-out rate of the fertilizer component and have applied for patent.
  • the present inventors disclosed a coating technique with a polyolefin resin solution and a technique of controlling the dissolving-out rate by the use of a surfactant (Japanese patent publication No,Sho 50-99,858/ 1975) and also disclosed a high level technique of controlling the dissolving-out rate by the simultaneous use of a polyolefin resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate coplymer and a surfactant (Japanese patent puboication No. Sho 60-37,074/1985).
  • the present inventors disclosed a technique wherein by using a material obtained by further mixing and dispersing a mineral powder such as talc or sulfur powder in a polyolefin resin composition similar to the above, it is possible to not only control the dissolving-out rate of the fertilizer component, but also promote degradation or decomposition of the residual capsule i.e, the coating residue after use (application to soil) of granular fertilizer (Japanese patent publication No.Sho 60-3,040/1985 and Japanese patent application laid-open No.Sho 55-1,672/1980).
  • Japanese patent publication No.Sho 60-3,040/1985 Japanese patent application laid-open No.Sho 55-1,672/1980
  • the effectiveness of promoting the degradation or decomposition cannot yet be said to be sufficient.
  • a higher level coating has been desired.
  • the present inventors have made extensive research in order to find a coated granular fertilizer characterized in that after it is applied to soil, the resulting coating as a residue of the coated granular fertilizer decomposes during a short period and constitutes a portion of soil.
  • the above-mentioned problems can be solved to a large extent, and have achieved the present invention.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a coated granular fertilizer characterized in that after it has been applied to soil and its fertilizer component has dissolved out, the resulting coating part degrades rapidly.
  • the present invention resides in the following constitutions (1) to (6) :
  • Fig.1 shows the flow sheet of a spouting coating apparatus employed in Examples of the present invention.
  • the granular fertilizer of the present invention contains an ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer as its indispensable coating component.
  • the copolymer refers generically to high molecular materials produced according to a process for copolymerising ethylene with carbon monoxide, and the content of CO (carbon monoxide) is the copolymer usable in the present invention is in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight.
  • the coating even from the above ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer, alone.
  • dissolving-out properties dissolving-out duration
  • Examples of such constituting materials are rubbery resins, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer resins and powder of talc or the like.
  • rubbery resins or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are used, it is possible to adjust the dissolving-out properties of the fertilizer component in the granular fertilizer of the present invention depending on the blending proportion of the resin or copolymer (whereas the dissolving-out of the fertilizer component is slow in the case of single use of the ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer as an indispensable component).
  • the rubbery resins are raw rubbers prior to vulcanization such as natural rubber, polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, etc. and further, thermoplastic rubbery elastomers such as 1,2-syndiotactic polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, etc.
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethlene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer
  • examples of similar copolymers usable for the same object as that of the present invention are ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer and ionomer resins obtained by crosslinking these copolymers between the respective molecules thereof with a metal ion.
  • the ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer provided with both the effect of promoting the dissolving-out of the fertilizer component from the coated granular fertilizer of the present invention and the effect of promoting the degradation of the coating after the completion of the dissolving-out is a copolymer (resin) which accords well with the object of the present invention.
  • the powder if it is water-difficult soluble or water-insoluble, any substances are usable in principle. However, it is necessary to disperse powder having a particle diameter which is 1/2 or less, preperably 1/4 or less the thickness of the aimed capsule i.e. coating, in an organic solvent solution of the above resin or resin composition as uniformly as possible. If the powder is difficult to be dispersed in the organic solvent solution of the above resin or reisn composition, then it is necessary to impart lipophilic nature to the powder by subjecting the surface of the powder to surface-treatment (coating) with a silicone resin or by the like means, or impart a suitable dispersibility to the powder at the time of the above dispersing treatment.
  • Examples of preferred powder used as a coating material for the coated granular fertilizer of the present invention are inorganic substances such as talc, calcium carbonate, clay, diatomaceous earth, silica, metal silicates, metal oxides, sulfur,etc., and organic substances such as starch powder are also usable.
  • the ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer as an indispensable resin component is singly used as the composition or the copolymer is mixed with optional components such as the above rubber resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins and the above powder in a preferred ratio to prepare the composition.
  • the mixing proportions have no particular limitation, but a preferred example thereof is as follows: 3 to 100%, preferably 6 to 100% of the ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer, 2 to 97%, preferably 2 to 50% of the rubbery resins or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins and 0 to 90%, preferably 20 to 80% of the powder, each in a proportion by weight based on the composition.
  • the respective components are mixed in powder form and the mixture is dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent or the respective components are successively fed into an organic solvent and dissolved or dispersed therein.
  • the dissolving-out of the fertilizer component at the time of use of the coated granular fertilizer of the present invention is promoted so that a product of a short period type in terms of dissolving-out duration is obtained.
  • the mixing proportion of the powder in the composition is increased, the dissolving-out of the fertilizer component is similarly promoted, and besides, the coating strength lowers so that it is possible to ease the degradation of the residual capsule i.e. coating after dissolving-out of the fertilizer component through the use of the coated granular fertilizer of the present invention.
  • the kind of the above-mentioned granular fertilizer 1 has no particular limitation. Namely it is known chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate and composite fertilizers composed of two or more kinds of the foregoing.
  • chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate and composite fertilizers composed of two or more kinds of the foregoing.
  • the coating of the fertilizer of the present invention after scattering of the fertilizer, is subjected to deteriorative decomposition and degradation by the action of light and enzymes, and the deteriorative decomposition is notable particularly on the surface of soil; some coatings degrade as they are, and others degrade through operations such as cultivation and are finally decomposed by microorganisms.
  • the coating may deteriorate prior to scattering of the fertilizer on soil, depending on the storage conditions.
  • a known ultraviolet absorber or stabilizer such as antioxidant is used to impart a suitable stability to the coating.
  • a stability is preferred to be effected by the use of such a stabilizer that taking the above-mentioned storage period into account, the stabilizer bleeds onto the surface of the coating and is removed therefrom after lapse of the period to lose its stabelizing effect.
  • the process for producing the coated granular fertilizer of the present invention i.e. the process for coating granular fertilizers may be carried out in the same manner as that disclosed in the above-mentioned known process (Japanese patent publication Nos. Sho 50-99,858 and Sho 60-37,074).
  • an organic solvent solution of the above-mentioned coating composition is sprayed onto a granular fertilizer in the state of rolling or fluidization by a spraying means to coat the surface of the fertilizer, while the resulting coated material is at the same time treated by a high speed hot air stream to instantaneously vaporize the organic solvent on the surface of the coated material for drying.
  • a spouting layer For the fluidization of the granular fertilizer in this case, it is most preferred to employ a spouting layer.
  • a known process found by the present inventors Japanese patent publication No.Sho 60-102/1985
  • Japanese patent publication No.Sho 60-102/1985 Japanese patent publication No.Sho 60-102/1985
  • Such a process is suitable to a case where powder which is difficult to be uniformly dispersed in the organic solvent solution of the coating material composition is used.
  • Fig. 1 shows a spouting encapsulating apparatus employed in this Example.
  • Numeral 1 shows a spouting column having a column diameter of 250mm, a height of 200mm, an air-spouting diameter of 50mm and a conical angle of 50° and provided with a fertilizer-feeding port 2 and an exhaust gas-discharging port 3.
  • Air through a spouting port is sent from a blower 10 via an orifice flowmeter 9 and a heat-exchenger 8 to the spouting column.
  • the flow quantity is controlled by the flowmeter, the temperature is controlled by the heat-exchanger and the exhaust gas is discharged through the discharging port 3 to the outside of the column.
  • the granular fertilizer used in the encapsulation treatment is fed through the fertilizer-feeding port 2 while a definite quantity of hot air is passed to form a spout.
  • the hot air temperature is detected by a thermometer T1, the particle temperature during encapsulation, by a thermometer T2 and the exhaust gas temperature, by a thermometer T3.
  • T3 temperature has reached a definite temperature
  • an encapsuating liquid is blown through a single-fluid nozzle 4 toward the spout in the form of spray.
  • the encapsulating liquid is agitated in a liquid tank 11 and when powder is used, the powder is uniformly dispersed also therein.
  • Such liquid or liquid and powder are sent from the tank by way of a pump 6, and the pipe led to the nozzle 4 is made a double pipe through the outer space of which steam is passed so that temperatur cannot be lowered down to 100 °C or less.
  • the encapsulation was carried out under the following conditions: Single-fluid-nozzle: opening 0.8 mm, full cone type Quantity of hot air: 4m3/min. Temperature of hot air: 100°C ⁇ 2°C Kind of fertilizer: granular urea of 5 to 8 meshes Quantity of fertilizer at it's feeding port: 10kg/batch Concentration of encapsulating liquid: solids content 2.5% by weight Quantity of encapsulating liquid fed: 0.5kg/min. Encapsulation time: 40 minutes Percentage encapsulation (relative to fertilizer): 5.0%
  • Each (10g) of the fertilizers of the present invention prepared in the above item (I) is immersed in water (200 ml) and allowed to stand still at 25°C. After a definite period, it is separated from water and urea dissolved out into water is sought by quantitative analyses. To the resulting fertilizer is added fresh water (200ml) , followed by again allowing it to still stand at 25 °C and seeking urea dissolved out into water by quantitative analyses.
  • the percentage dissolving-out into water after 24 hours in the item of dissolving- out of Table 1 refers to a percentage dissolving-out into water after 24 hours at 25°C, and the number of days 80% dissolving-out was sought by preparing the dissolving-out rate curve in the measurement of the percentage dissolving-out.
  • any of the product of the present invention has a low percentage dissolving-out after 24 hours and is well encapsulated. Further it is also seen that the number of days of 80% dissolving-out can be controlled by the ratio of the ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer to resin B and also by the blending proportion of powder.
  • Dried sand of 12 meshes-pass is placed in a square box of polyvinyl chloride resin of 15cm long, 15cm wide and 15 cm high so as to be almost full of the sand, followed by arranging the purified hollow capsules on the surface of the sand, fitting a quartz sheet of 2mm thick onto the box so as to prevent rain, allowing the resulting box to stand outdoors over six montes (since April till September), thereafter placing the total quantity of the sand and the capsules in a V type mixer provided with rotating blades, mixing them with stirring for 30 minutes, thereafter separating the capsules from the sand with a sieve of 10 meshes and seeking the percentage of 10 meshes-on capsules relative to the sample capsules. This percentage is referred to as degree of degradation and shown in Table 1.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
EP87201214A 1986-07-09 1987-06-24 Granular fertilizer with a degradative coating Expired - Lifetime EP0255160B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP161442/86 1986-07-09
JP61161442A JPS6317286A (ja) 1986-07-09 1986-07-09 崩壊型被覆粒状肥料

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0255160A2 EP0255160A2 (en) 1988-02-03
EP0255160A3 EP0255160A3 (en) 1988-12-07
EP0255160B1 true EP0255160B1 (en) 1991-09-25

Family

ID=15735192

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87201214A Expired - Lifetime EP0255160B1 (en) 1986-07-09 1987-06-24 Granular fertilizer with a degradative coating

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0255160B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS6317286A (ja)
KR (1) KR910003535B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN1016417B (ja)
AU (1) AU593664B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1295848C (ja)
DE (1) DE3773288D1 (ja)
NZ (1) NZ220782A (ja)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ221198A (en) * 1986-08-05 1990-09-26 Chisso Corp Granular fertiliser with poly-3-hydrox-3-alkylpropionic acid coating
JPH07506B2 (ja) * 1990-07-27 1995-01-11 チッソ株式会社 光崩壊膜被覆肥料
TW210995B (ja) * 1991-09-19 1993-08-11 Asahi Chemical Ind
KR100340610B1 (ko) 1997-02-19 2002-06-12 야마모토 카즈모토 분해성 피복 필름으로 피복된 입상 비료 및 이의 제조 방법
CN103694052B (zh) * 2013-12-23 2015-11-11 营口博科环保材料有限公司 一种多效高吸水树脂肥及其制作方法
CN105461429A (zh) * 2015-12-02 2016-04-06 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 包膜缓控释肥及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1486334A1 (de) * 1964-11-16 1969-04-17 Eastman Kodak Co Verwendung von synthetischen Polymeren zur Herstellung von Verpackungen und Verpackungsmaterialien,insbesondere fuer Nahrungsmittel
DE3219659A1 (de) * 1982-05-26 1983-12-01 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Ionenaustauscher-duengemittel und verfahren zur gleichmaessigen und langfristigen versorgung von pflanzen mit naehrstoffen
NL8401362A (nl) * 1984-04-27 1985-11-18 Tno Werkwijze voor het met een polymeer omhullen van deeltjesvormige materialen teneinde de gereguleerde afgifte van deze materialen aan de omgeving mogelijk te maken alsmede aldus verkregen omhuld deeltjesvormig materiaal.
JPH0692275B2 (ja) * 1986-04-01 1994-11-16 旭化成工業株式会社 被覆粒状肥料
NZ220762A (en) * 1986-07-07 1989-05-29 Chisso Corp Coated fertiliser with polyolefinic coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0255160A3 (en) 1988-12-07
CN87105467A (zh) 1988-01-27
DE3773288D1 (de) 1991-10-31
AU7508987A (en) 1988-01-14
JPS6317286A (ja) 1988-01-25
CA1295848C (en) 1992-02-18
KR880001555A (ko) 1988-04-25
NZ220782A (en) 1989-05-29
CN1016417B (zh) 1992-04-29
EP0255160A2 (en) 1988-02-03
JPH0223516B2 (ja) 1990-05-24
KR910003535B1 (ko) 1991-06-04
AU593664B2 (en) 1990-02-15

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