EP0252826A1 - Verfahren zur radioaktiven Dekontaminierung eines Öls - Google Patents

Verfahren zur radioaktiven Dekontaminierung eines Öls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0252826A1
EP0252826A1 EP87401569A EP87401569A EP0252826A1 EP 0252826 A1 EP0252826 A1 EP 0252826A1 EP 87401569 A EP87401569 A EP 87401569A EP 87401569 A EP87401569 A EP 87401569A EP 0252826 A1 EP0252826 A1 EP 0252826A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
pulverulent material
filter
tank
decontamination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87401569A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0252826B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Michel Augem
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0252826A1 publication Critical patent/EP0252826A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0252826B1 publication Critical patent/EP0252826B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
    • Y10S210/902—Materials removed
    • Y10S210/911—Cumulative poison
    • Y10S210/912—Heavy metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for radioactive decontamination of an oil applicable in particular for the decontamination of oils used in nuclear installations.
  • the oils used in machines such as the primary pumps for example can, after a certain time, be contaminated by radioactive elements.
  • the activity level varies from 3.7.106 to 3.7.104 Bq / m3 approximately, while we admit that the non-contamination threshold is 3.7.103 Bq / m3.
  • the main contaminant is xenon 133, but this has a fairly short period (5.3 days) and, after this period, the oils are at about the same level of activity which is around 3.7.104 Bq / m3.
  • radioelements likely to be found in contaminated oils are notably: manganese 54, cobalt 58, cobalt 60, niobium 95, iodine 131, cesium 134, cesium 137 and cerium 144.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a process for radioactive decontamination of oils which is inexpensive and which makes it possible to obtain an oil whose activity rate is less than 3.7 ⁇ 10 3 Bq / m3.
  • this oil is passed through a pulverulent material in the presence of an acid.
  • the pulverulent material is an earth containing diatoms or bentonites and its particle size is less than 0.5 mm. As for its mass, it is preferably between 0.5 and 5% of the mass of the oil to be treated.
  • the acid used can be sulfuric or phosphoric hydrochloric acid and its aqueous concentration is preferably greater than or equal to 70%.
  • oil must be taken in its most general sense and designates both a lubricant and a lubricant base such as a mineral, animal or vegetable oil.
  • the mechanism of decontamination of an oil by the process of the invention can be explained as follows: the acid reacts with the oil to form products such as tars and the radioelements are fixed on these tars. The latter are retained by the pulverulent material and it is therefore an oil, at least partially freed from the radioelements that is collected. Optionally, as will be seen later, it may be necessary to recycle the oil through the pulverulent material until it is completely decontaminated.
  • the expression “completely decontaminated” or “decontaminated” means that the activity rate of the oil is less than 3.7 ⁇ 10 3 Bq / m3.
  • upstream face or "downstream face” of the filter used in the present description must be understood with respect to the direction of flow of the oil through the filter.
  • steps (c) and (f) are optional because it may be, in certain cases, that a single passage of the oil or of the mixture through the filter is sufficient to remove all contamination.
  • the device object of the invention consists first of a preparation tank 10 equipped with an agitator 12 which can be set in motion by a motor 14 and a heating means, for example an electrical resistance 16. From the lowest point of the tank 10 leaves a pipe 18, fitted with a tap 20, which connects the tank 10 to a pump 22. From the latter part another pipe 24 fitted with a tap 26. The pump 22 can circulate the liquid contained in the tank 10 in the direction of the arrows shown in the figure.
  • a pipe 28 fitted with a tap 30 connects the pipe 18, from a point located between the tap 20 and the pump 22, to the pipe 24 at a point of the latter located downstream of the tap 26 relative to the direction of circulation of the liquid imposed by the pump 22.
  • the pipe 24 opens into a pipe 32 which breaks down into two parts.
  • a first part 32a equipped with a tap 34 returns to the tank 10 at the top of the latter while a second part 32b equipped with a tap 36 opens into a filtration tank 38.
  • This comprises a set of filters 40 which, in the example shown here, are flat filters placed in a vertical position. These filters are arranged in groups of two, such as filters 40a and 40b and thus define an internal space 42 which communicates at its lower part with a collector 44. The filters are fixed at their lower part to the wall of the collector 44 and at their upper part to a frame 46 which can be set in vibration by a vibrator 48. The role of this vibrator will be explained below in the rest of this description.
  • a deflector 50 is placed at the lower part of the filtration tank 38, below the collector 44, at the point where the pipe 32 opens.
  • the position of this deflector 50 is such that it forces the oil entering into the tank 38 to pass through the bottom thereof before returning to the area where the filters are located.
  • the tank 38 is closed at its lower part by a hatch 52 which is movable between a closed position 52a shown in solid lines and an open position 52b shown in broken lines.
  • the manifold 44 communicates with a pipe 54 placed outside the filtration tank 38 and equipped with a tap 56.
  • the pipe 54 opens at its end opposite to the tank 38, at the upper part of the preparation tank 10.
  • an evacuation pipe 58 fitted with a tap 60, which opens out inside a receiving tank 62 used to recover the decontaminated oil.
  • a pipe 64 which starts from the upper part of the filtration tank 38 and which is divided into two branches.
  • a first branch 66 equipped with a tap 68 returns to the preparation tank 10 at the upper part thereof.
  • a second branch 70, equipped with a tap 72, is in communication with an air source which supplies dry and lubricated air, through the tap 76, to the vibrator 48 and to the hatch 52.
  • the oil to be treated is first introduced into the preparation tank 10. If necessary, the oil is heated using the resistor 16 until the desired temperature is reached: a temperature of the order of 110 ° C. is suitable in almost all cases. In order to homogenize the product to be treated, it is agitated by means of the agitator 12 set in motion by the motor 14. When the desired temperature is reached, the desired quantity of pulverulent material is introduced into the oil, for example of the earth. Heating makes it possible on the one hand to improve the viscosity of the oil and, on the other hand, to remove water or other solvents which would not be miscible with the oil. Indeed, these solvents could have a harmful behavior with respect to the ground, which could harm the quality of the decontamination. On the other hand, the agitation improves the contact between the pulverulent material and the oil to be treated.
  • the taps 72 and 76 being closed, the taps 20, 26, 36, 56 and 68 are opened, all the other taps being closed.
  • the pump 22 is then started, which has the effect of circulating the mixing from the preparation tank 10 to the filtration tank 38 through the lines 18, 24 and 32b.
  • the mass of oil gradually invades almost the entire volume of the filtration tank 38.
  • the lines 64 and 66 constitute a vent which makes it possible to ensure that the liquid occupies almost the entire volume of the filtration tank.
  • the filters 40 are formed so as to retain at least part of the pulverulent material mixed with the oil to be treated, a first layer of this material, called “pre-layer", is deposited on the upstream face of the filter. It is therefore at least partially purified oil which is found in the collector 44 and returns to the tank 10. The pump 22 being always on, the oil is thus recycled through the filters. At each pass, a new quantity of pulverulent material is retained either by the filter itself, or by the already deposited layer. A “cake” of powdery material is thus formed. As will be seen below, the filter and the layer of soil deposited on the upstream face thereof retain the radioelements contained in the oil.
  • the oil which passes through the filters 40 and returns to the tank 10 is completely decontaminated, that is to say that its activity is less than 3.7 ⁇ 10 3 Bq / m3. This can be easily determined by analysis using samples taken from the preparation.
  • the tap 60 is opened and the tap 56 is closed.
  • the pump 22 sends the decontaminated oil to the receiving tank 62 through the line 58.
  • the receiving tank 62 is full, decontaminated oil can be recovered and disposed of.
  • the tap 56 is opened and the tap 60 is closed. open the tap 72 in order to send compressed air to the filtration tank and maintain the pressure inside the latter, the tap 26 is then closed and the pump 22 is immediately stopped. The tap is then opened 34 so that, under the effect of the pressure of the compressed air, the remainder of oil in the filtration tank is returned to the tank 10 via line 32.
  • the valves 34 and 56 are closed. At this time, compressed air is sent to the tank 38 to dry the cake which has settled on the filters, one or the other. re valves 34 and 56 which can be opened to allow air to escape.
  • the tap 68 is opened to reduce the pressure inside the tank 38. All the taps are then closed except tap 68 which allows introduce air under normal pressure inside the tank.
  • the hatch 52 which opens from the closed position 52a to the open position 52b is opened, and the vibrator 48 is started up. Under the effect of these vibrations, the layers of pulverulent material which are deposited on the filters detach themselves from it and fall into a barrel 78 which has been previously placed under the tank 38. When the barrel 78 is full, it can be evacuated to a storage place.
  • this material can be placed directly on the upstream face of the filters 40 and then circulate the oil as before the process is exactly the same than the one just described.
  • the values indicated are average values.
  • the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, which was of the order of 22 ° C.
  • the mixture was then filtered under vacuum on a filter paper. A cake formed, which was retained by the filter, and the activity of the filtrate was measured, which was less than 3.7 ⁇ 10 3 Bq / m3.
  • Example 2 200 cm3 of the same oil as in Example 1 were first heated with vigorous stirring until the temperature has stabilized around 110 ° C. Then 3 g of the same earth was added as in Example 1, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 110 ° C. The mixture was then filtered under the same conditions as above, and a filtrate was obtained whose activity was less than 3.7 ⁇ 10 3 Bq / m3.
  • the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, then filtered under the same conditions as above.
  • the activity rate of the filtrate was below the contamination threshold, that is to say below 3.7.103 Bq / m3.
  • the filter papers used were extremely fine pore papers, and therefore capable of retaining all of the soil.
  • the filters are wider mesh filters which retain only part of the soil, and it is therefore necessary recycle the oil until all of the soil or powdery material is deposited on the filter.
  • the decontamination mechanism can be explained as follows:
  • the radioelements contained in the oils to be treated can be found either in the form of solid particles, or in the form of dissolved compounds, or in the form of compounds in the colloidal state.
  • the solid particles may be present naturally in the oil or may have been formed by the reaction of the acid with the oil, as indicated above. Decontamination is done by the combined action of three effects:
  • the radioelements can react with the activating acid or the constituent compounds of the earth, which leads to precipitation within the powder material and further improves absorption or adsorption.
  • Example 5 The same oil as in Example 5 was heated at 110 ° C for 15 minutes, then mixed with a pulverulent material consisting of 4g of the earth used in Examples 1 and 2 mixed with 2g of the earth used in Examples 3 and 4.
  • the process which is the subject of the invention has particularly advantageous advantages, the first of which is that it is inexpensive to implement since the device used can be produced using simple elements which are readily available commercially. On the other hand, such a device consumes little energy.
  • the treatment capacity is important since it is possible to treat several cubic meters of contaminated oil per day whereas with the incineration methods of the prior art, in order to avoid having too bulky installations and too costly, we are content with installations of reduced dimensions which can only treat a few liters a day.
  • a good quality oil is recovered in the receiving tank which can be reused in the same nuclear installation from which it comes, possibly with the introduction of some suitable additives.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
EP87401569A 1986-07-07 1987-07-03 Verfahren zur radioaktiven Dekontaminierung eines Öls Expired - Lifetime EP0252826B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8609843A FR2601182B1 (fr) 1986-07-07 1986-07-07 Procede pour la decontamination radioactive d'un lubrifiant
FR8609843 1986-07-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0252826A1 true EP0252826A1 (de) 1988-01-13
EP0252826B1 EP0252826B1 (de) 1990-10-03

Family

ID=9337147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87401569A Expired - Lifetime EP0252826B1 (de) 1986-07-07 1987-07-03 Verfahren zur radioaktiven Dekontaminierung eines Öls

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5075044A (de)
EP (1) EP0252826B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2543707B2 (de)
KR (1) KR880002190A (de)
CA (1) CA1341054C (de)
DE (1) DE3765329D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2018557B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2601182B1 (de)

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JP4954707B2 (ja) 2003-11-14 2012-06-20 シーメンス・ウォーター・テクノロジーズ・コーポレーション 改良されたモジュール洗浄方法
AU2004305028B2 (en) * 2003-12-10 2010-06-17 Komatsu America Corp. Oil filtration system
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CA2579168C (en) 2004-09-07 2015-06-23 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. Membrane filtration with reduced volume cleaning step
US8506806B2 (en) 2004-09-14 2013-08-13 Siemens Industry, Inc. Methods and apparatus for removing solids from a membrane module
JP2008525167A (ja) 2004-12-24 2008-07-17 シーメンス・ウォーター・テクノロジーズ・コーポレーション 簡易ガス洗浄方法および当該技術分野の装置
ATE549076T1 (de) 2004-12-24 2012-03-15 Siemens Industry Inc Reinigung in membranfiltrationssystemen
KR20080005993A (ko) * 2005-04-29 2008-01-15 지멘스 워터 테크놀로지스 코포레이션 막 필터의 화학 세정
CA2618107A1 (en) 2005-08-22 2007-03-01 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. An assembly for water filtration using a tube manifold to minimise backwash
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US9764288B2 (en) 2007-04-04 2017-09-19 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Membrane module protection
EP2134454B1 (de) * 2007-04-04 2013-08-28 Siemens Industry, Inc. Hohlfasermembranmodul mit schutzgitter
EP2152390B1 (de) 2007-05-29 2012-05-23 Siemens Industry, Inc. Membranreinigung mit gepulster mammutpumpe
KR101614520B1 (ko) 2008-07-24 2016-04-21 에보쿠아 워터 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 막 여과 모듈용 프레임 시스템
NZ591259A (en) * 2008-08-20 2013-02-22 Siemens Industry Inc A hollow membrane filter backwash system using gas pressurised at at least two pressures feed from the down stream side to push water through the filter to clean it
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CN102869432B (zh) 2010-04-30 2016-02-03 伊沃夸水处理技术有限责任公司 流体流分配装置
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JP5782816B2 (ja) * 2011-04-28 2015-09-24 株式会社大林組 放射性廃液中の放射性物質除去方法、および放射性廃液中の放射性物質除去システム
JP6032633B2 (ja) * 2011-07-05 2016-11-30 国立大学法人北海道大学 放射能汚染水中の放射性物質の除去方法及び装置
JP2014528354A (ja) 2011-09-30 2014-10-27 エヴォクア ウォーター テクノロジーズ エルエルシーＥｖｏｑｕａ Ｗａｔｅｒ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｌｌｃ 隔離バルブ
US9604166B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2017-03-28 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Manifold arrangement
AU2013280452B2 (en) 2012-06-28 2017-07-20 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc A potting method
AU2013324056B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2017-11-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Membrane securement device
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AU2013323934A1 (en) 2012-09-27 2015-02-26 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Gas scouring apparatus for immersed membranes
US10427102B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2019-10-01 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Method and device for repairing a membrane filtration module
CN107847869B (zh) 2015-07-14 2021-09-10 罗门哈斯电子材料新加坡私人有限公司 用于过滤系统的通气装置
CN109859875A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2019-06-07 中国辐射防护研究院 一种放射性废润滑油的去污解控方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2018557B3 (es) 1991-04-16
EP0252826B1 (de) 1990-10-03
KR880002190A (ko) 1988-04-29
FR2601182A1 (fr) 1988-01-08
FR2601182B1 (fr) 1992-01-24
CA1341054C (en) 2000-07-18
US5075044A (en) 1991-12-24
JPS6345596A (ja) 1988-02-26
JP2543707B2 (ja) 1996-10-16
DE3765329D1 (de) 1990-11-08

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