EP0252315B1 - Dispositif de chambre de combustion avec une chambre de précombustion pour une combustion sous-stoechiométrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de chambre de combustion avec une chambre de précombustion pour une combustion sous-stoechiométrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0252315B1
EP0252315B1 EP87108265A EP87108265A EP0252315B1 EP 0252315 B1 EP0252315 B1 EP 0252315B1 EP 87108265 A EP87108265 A EP 87108265A EP 87108265 A EP87108265 A EP 87108265A EP 0252315 B1 EP0252315 B1 EP 0252315B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
combustion chamber
air
outlet duct
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87108265A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0252315A1 (fr
Inventor
Jakob Dr. Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of EP0252315A1 publication Critical patent/EP0252315A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0252315B1 publication Critical patent/EP0252315B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-part combustion chamber device in which a first part is designed as a pre-combustion chamber for substoichiometric combustion and a second part as an after-combustion chamber.
  • DE-B-1 021 646 a cylindrical combustion chamber is known, at the head of which there is a hemispherical dome. Partial combustion at the outlet of the dome can take place in this.
  • This dome is to be regarded as a kind of evaporation burner, ie the heat generated in the closed head is used to heat and evaporate most of the combustion air or fuel.
  • the task of this dome is the formation of an eddy current and the associated generation of a negative pressure. This negative pressure is said to be conducive to an increased inflow of combustion air through the flame tube openings.
  • the dome geometry of DE-B-1 021 646 is closely linked to the flame tube geometry, ie a cylinder, because it is decisive for the inflow of secondary air into this cylinder.
  • CH-A-163 686 shows a burner for liquid fuels, in which an oil feed line extends below the bottom of an elongated trough in its longitudinal axis. From this, fuel is injected into the trough through a series of nozzles and burned there. The injection takes place along a slightly raised back compared to the two side parts.
  • Two band-shaped air jets are introduced on both sides of the upper end of the tub. The lower air jets are directed inwards against the respective side parts, are deflected and then flow into the combustion chamber in the same direction as the fuel jets and thereby pre-burn the fuel.
  • the two upper band-shaped air jets are directed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the burner and are used for afterburning in the combustion chamber.
  • this disadvantage is to be avoided in that, by means of a special design of the pre-combustion chamber by means of an air and fuel layer, its wall is shielded from the ignited combustion mixture and the temperature near the wall is thereby reduced to values which are permissible for the material of the combustion chamber walls are.
  • the injection nozzles are arranged at the end of injection lines, which branch off from a fuel ring line surrounding the outlet duct and open directly radially inward of the outlet opening of the combustion air duct into the housing, the axes of the injection nozzles being essentially parallel to the tangent to the respective are directed adjacent wall part of the housing, and wherein for the supply of additional air, an annular additional air channel arranged at the end of the outlet channel is present.
  • the injection nozzles are arranged at the end of a fuel line which opens into the housing coaxially with the axis of symmetry thereof, the axes of the injection nozzles being directed in such a way that the fuel jets shield the combustion air blown into the housing from the ignited fuel mixture, and where the additional air is taken from the combustion air intended for the afterburning chamber.
  • the housing 2 of the pre-combustion chamber 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 shows the shape of a heart with a cut-off tip in an axial section through the axis of rotation of the rotary body. In their place, the housing ends in an outlet channel 3 for the incompletely burned fuel mixture generated in the housing 2.
  • a fuel ring line 4 for the liquid fuel is provided in the lower part of the housing 2 at a distance from the same. This passes from a fuel tank (not shown) via a feed line 5 into the ring line 4. From this ring line, a number branches off, uniformly distributed over the circumference, hook-shaped curved injection lines 6, which end within the outlet channel 3 in injection nozzles 7, from which fuel jets 8 are approximately parallel emerge towards the inner surface of the housing 2. Radially inward of the injection lines 6 is a rotating body formed baffle 9, which, together with the outer surface of the housing 2, defines an annular combustion air duct 10 in its lower part. The flow arrows 11 symbolize the combustion air, which is preheated in the channel 10 and, after a deflection at the lower end of the housing 2, flows upward approximately parallel to the housing wall and mixes with the fuel jet 8.
  • Another rotationally symmetrical baffle plate 12 which surrounds the injection lines 6, delimits with the first-mentioned baffle plate 9 an annular additional air duct 13 through which air, represented by the flow arrows 14, is admixed to the preburned fuel mixture in the region of the outlet duct 3 in a stoichiometric ratio. This mixture then reaches a post-combustion chamber 16, part of the housing of which is shown, for complete combustion.
  • the mechanism of shielding the wall of the housing 2 from the high combustion temperatures that occur during the substoichiometric pre-combustion is based on the tangential injection of the combustion air, which takes place over the entire inner circumference of the housing 2, which creates a vortex ring with a toroidal vortex core 15, the Cross section in Fig. 1 is symbolized by the two circles with dashed double hatching.
  • this vortex core contains very hot gases, the centrifugal effect causing a stratification of the combustion gases of different temperatures or densities, which can only balance themselves out very slowly from the inside out.
  • Such a compensation of the temperature or density from the inside out is, however, in stationary operation suppressed by the constantly supplied fuel / air mixture.
  • the vortex core 15 also acts as an ignition source, by means of which the substoichiometric fuel / air mixture is ignited.
  • Fuel injection radially inward of the combustion air layer close to the wall isolates it from the core of the incompletely burned combustion mixture to approximately the lower half of the housing 2, so that the latter cannot continue to burn with air from the layer close to the wall and only becomes ignitable again after additional air has been mixed in from the additional air duct 13 , whereby it can be completely burned in the afterburning chamber 16.
  • the speed of the air injection into the pre-combustion chamber 1 should be significantly higher than the flame propagation speed, which creates a spiral flame front, which ideally does not hit the inner surface of the housing 2. At the time of ignition, the mixing process has progressed so far that lean mixture zones no longer occur.
  • Fig. 2 shows a pre-combustion chamber 17 of a simplified design, in which the liquid fuel through a Axis of symmetry of the housing 18 coaxial fuel line 19 is fed to the injection nozzles 20 arranged at the end thereof. While the air for the pre-combustion is blown into the housing 18 close to the wall from below, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the fuel is injected in the opposite direction from above at high speed.
  • the nozzle axes are oriented in such a way that the air jets near the wall are also shielded from the burning mixture ignited in the center.
  • Such a pre-combustion chamber 17 can advantageously be combined with gas burners arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference, two of which are shown in FIG.
  • the fuel gas flowing in through the gas burner is indicated by the arrows 22, the combustion air by the arrows 23.
  • the combustion air flow is dimensioned such that it is at least sufficient for the complete combustion of the gas and for the post-combustion of the incompletely burned combustion mixture flowing out of the pre-combustion chamber in the after-combustion chamber 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Dispositif de chambre de combustion en deux parties, se composant de
    - une première partie en forme de corps de rotation,
    - une seconde partie, constituant un post-brûleur (16, 24),
    - où le canal de sortie (3) du corps de rotation débouche dans la chambre de post-combustion,
    - où un canal d'air de combustion (10) s'étend à la périphérie du canal de sortie, avec ses ouvertures de sortie disposées le long de ladite périphérie du canal de sortie de telle sorte que l'air de combustion puisse pénétrer dans le corps de rotation, dans la région périphérique du canal de sortie, tangentiellement à sa surface latérale intérieure,
    - où il est prévu dans le corps de rotation des injecteurs (7, 20) pour un combustible liquide,
    - où il est prévu des moyens (13) pour introduire de l'air additionnel dans le mélange de combustion prébrûlé après sa sortie du canal de sortie,
    - où le corps de rotation constitue une chambre de pré-combustion (1, 17) pour une combustion sous-stoechiométrique,
    - l'enveloppe (2) de la chambre de pré-combustion présentant à cet effet, dans une coupe axiale suivant l'axe de rotation du corps de rotation, la forme d'un coeur avec la pointe coupée,
    - le canal d'air de combustion (10) pour l'introduction tangentielle d'air étant à cet effet formé d'une part par la pointe coupée de la forme en coeur à la partie inférieure de l'enveloppe (2) et d'autre part par une tôle de guidage (9) ayant la forme d'un corps de rotation,
    - et les axes des injecteurs (7, 20) disposés dans le corps de rotation étant à cet effet orientés de telle façon que les jets de combustible protègent l'air de combustion pénétrant dans la chambre de pré-combustion contre le mélange combustible enflammé,
    - où le canal de sortie (3), dans lequel débouche la pointe coupée de la forme en coeur, est cylindrique circulaire,
    - et où le mélange combustible qui quitte la chambre de pré-combustion peut être brûlé entièrement avec un excès d'air élevé dans la chambre de post-combustion (16, 24) qui se raccorde au canal de sortie (3).
  2. Dispositif de chambre de combustion suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les injecteurs (7) sont disposés à l'extrémité de conduites d'injection (6), qui sont dérivées d'une conduite annulaire à combustible (4) entourant le canal de sortie (3) et débouchent dans l'enveloppe (2) directement en direction radiale vers l'intérieur de l'ouverture de sortie du canal d'air de combustion (10), en ce que les axes des injecteurs (7) sont orientés en direction essentiellement parallèle à la tangente à la paroi latérale voisine respective de l'enveloppe (2), et en ce que pour l'introduction de l'air additionnel, il est prévu un canal d'air additionnel (13) de forme annulaire disposé à l'extrémité du canal de sortie (3).
  3. Dispositif de chambre de combustion suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les injecteurs (20) sont disposés à l'extrémité d'une conduite de combustible (19), qui débouche dans l'enveloppe (18) coaxialement à l'axe de symétrie de celle-ci, en ce que les axes des injecteurs (20) sont orientés de telle façon que les jets de combustible protègent l'air de combustion insufflé dans l'enveloppe (18) contre le mélange combustible enflammé, et en ce que l'air additionnel est prélevé dans l'air de combustion (23) destiné à la chambre de post-combustion (24).
EP87108265A 1986-07-08 1987-06-08 Dispositif de chambre de combustion avec une chambre de précombustion pour une combustion sous-stoechiométrique Expired - Lifetime EP0252315B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2748/86A CH671449A5 (fr) 1986-07-08 1986-07-08
CH2748/86 1986-07-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0252315A1 EP0252315A1 (fr) 1988-01-13
EP0252315B1 true EP0252315B1 (fr) 1992-10-07

Family

ID=4240721

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87108265A Expired - Lifetime EP0252315B1 (fr) 1986-07-08 1987-06-08 Dispositif de chambre de combustion avec une chambre de précombustion pour une combustion sous-stoechiométrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4894005A (fr)
EP (1) EP0252315B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6325418A (fr)
CH (1) CH671449A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3782097D1 (fr)

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DE4416650A1 (de) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-16 Abb Management Ag Verbrennungsverfahren für atmosphärische Feuerungsanlagen
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US6874452B2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2005-04-05 Joseph S. Adams Resonant combustion chamber and recycler for linear motors
US7168949B2 (en) * 2004-06-10 2007-01-30 Georgia Tech Research Center Stagnation point reverse flow combustor for a combustion system
CA2667093A1 (fr) * 2006-10-18 2008-04-24 Lean Flame, Inc. Premelangeur de gaz et de carburant a utiliser en combinaison avec un dispositif de conversion/liberation d'energie
US8015814B2 (en) * 2006-10-24 2011-09-13 Caterpillar Inc. Turbine engine having folded annular jet combustor
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4894005A (en) 1990-01-16
EP0252315A1 (fr) 1988-01-13
JPS6325418A (ja) 1988-02-02
CH671449A5 (fr) 1989-08-31
DE3782097D1 (de) 1992-11-12

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