EP1800061B1 - Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1800061B1
EP1800061B1 EP05797157.4A EP05797157A EP1800061B1 EP 1800061 B1 EP1800061 B1 EP 1800061B1 EP 05797157 A EP05797157 A EP 05797157A EP 1800061 B1 EP1800061 B1 EP 1800061B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
gas
burner
mixing
carrier stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05797157.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1800061A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Prade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP05797157.4A priority Critical patent/EP1800061B1/fr
Publication of EP1800061A1 publication Critical patent/EP1800061A1/fr
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Publication of EP1800061B1 publication Critical patent/EP1800061B1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03343—Pilot burners operating in premixed mode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for fluid fuels, which is in particular to operate selectively with a gaseous or a liquid fuel as a fluid fuel and in which prior to the combustion of the fluid fuel, a mixing of the fluid fuel with an oxidizing agent. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method of operating such a burner.
  • the burner according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in gas turbine plants.
  • an air-fuel mixture is combusted in a combustion chamber, the exhaust gases of which set the turbine of the gas turbine plant into rotation and thus convert the thermal energy of the combustion process into mechanical energy.
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with burners. The burners mix the fuel with the air and burn the mixture.
  • burners are currently used which can be operated both with gaseous fuels and with liquid fuels.
  • Such a burner is for example in DE 42 12 810 A1 disclosed.
  • nitrogen oxides are formed in the combustion process essentially by the fact that molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen are split and the atomic Oxygen or the atomic nitrogen then reacts with nitrogen or molecular oxygen to nitric oxides.
  • premix mode In order to keep the amount of nitrogen oxides formed low especially in the high load range, modern gas turbine plants are operated in the so-called premix mode. This means that the fuel is already mixed with the air before ignition. In contrast to this is the diffusion mode, in which a burning air-fuel mixture continuously supplied fresh air and fuel is injected. The mixing of the fuel with the air takes place only when burning.
  • the diffusion mode is essentially used in low-load operation and when starting up gas turbine plants.
  • the in DE 42 12 810 described burner can be operated in premix mode with both liquid fuels and gaseous fuels.
  • it comprises at least one fuel line for liquid fuel which opens into the air supply channel of the burner and at least one fuel line for gaseous fuel which opens into the air supply channel.
  • the fuel lines are each associated with outlet openings through which the respective fuel can be injected into the leading to the burner air flow.
  • the outlet openings are in this case adapted to the fuel supplied by means of the respective fuel lines, that this is mixed well with the combustion air flowing to the burner.
  • the DE 44 15 315 A1 shows a burner wherein liquid is mixed with steam before the combustion of an air-gas mixture in a combustion chamber here.
  • the EP 1 143 199 A1 shows a combustion chamber designed as a lean premixing combustion chamber, wherein water and steam are injected into the combustion chamber.
  • a mixing of the fluid fuel with an oxidizing agent takes place.
  • droplets of liquid fuel evaporate.
  • the carrier fluid stream containing the liquid fuel is mixed with the oxidizer by injecting liquid fuel and carrier flow through outlet ports into an air supply passage.
  • the DE 101 60 907 A1 shows a burner in which a mode of operation with strong reduction of thermal vibrations is achieved in that the fuel is introduced into the combustion flow, that the speed of the fuel is adapted to the speed of the combustion air flow.
  • the first object is achieved by methods for operating a fluid fuel burner according to claim 1 and the second object by a fluid fuel burner according to claim 7.
  • the dependent claims contain advantageous developments of the invention.
  • the fluidic fuel is mixed with an oxidizing agent, ie the combustion takes place in the premixing mode.
  • an oxidizing agent any agent capable of oxidizing the fuel, particularly, for example, air, is suitable.
  • the method according to the invention can in particular also be designed such that optionally Liquid fuels, ie all combustible liquids such as petroleum, methanol, etc., or gaseous fuels, ie all combustible gases such as natural gas, coal gas, propane gas, methane gas, etc., can be used as a fluid fuel.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that a liquid fuel used as a fluidic fuel is mixed with a gaseous or vaporous carrier stream prior to mixing with the oxidizing agent and for mixing the fluid fuel with the oxidizing agent, mixing the carrier stream containing the liquid fuel with the oxidizing agent takes place.
  • the process of the invention makes it possible to mix the fuel with the oxidant - i. for mixing the fuel-containing carrier stream with the oxidant - to use the same nozzle system which is also used when mixing a gaseous fuel with the oxidant.
  • the structural design of the burner can therefore be simplified in particular in the field of fuel supply channels.
  • a vaporous fuel can be mixed with the oxidizing agent particularly well by means of the supply openings provided for the gaseous fuel.
  • peak temperatures can be better avoided when burning.
  • the carrier stream is largely is free of molecular oxygen. It is particularly advantageous if the carrier stream contains no molecular oxygen at all. Suitable gas or vapor for the carrier stream are in particular molecular nitrogen or water vapor.
  • the mixing of the liquid fuel with the carrier stream can be effected by injecting the liquid fuel into the carrier stream.
  • injecting a fine atomization of the liquid fuel is carried out in the carrier stream.
  • the burner according to the invention is characterized in that the fuel supply for supplying liquid fuels and the gas supply are arranged relative to each other such that prior to the entry of a liquid fuel into the mixing passage, mixing of the liquid fuel with a gaseous or vaporous carrier stream supplied by means of the gas supply can take place.
  • the gas supply thus serves both for supplying a gaseous fuel (when the burner is operated with a gaseous fuel) and for supplying an inert gaseous or vaporous medium, which forms the gaseous or vaporous carrier stream (if the burner with a liquid fuel is operated).
  • the burner according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to mix a liquid fuel with a gaseous or vaporous carrier stream before entering the mixing passage and then to supply this mixture to the mixing passage for mixing with the oxidizing agent.
  • the number of supply lines and in particular the number of inlet openings in the mixing passage can be reduced since the same inlet openings can be used for the mixed passage for the gaseous fuel as well as for the liquid fuel (in the carrier stream). Separate inlet openings for liquid fuels can therefore be omitted in the burner according to the invention.
  • the inlet openings designed for the gaseous fuel also ensure a high spatial mixing potential for mixing the carrier stream containing the liquid fuel with the oxidizing agent.
  • the fuel supply for the liquid fuel via one or more atomizers opens into the gas supply.
  • the atomizers allow atomization of the liquid fuel as it is introduced into the carrier stream.
  • the sputtering leads to a good mixing and also facilitates the evaporation of the liquid fuel due to the small dimensions of the sputtering fuel droplets. Overall, so can the maximum possible combustion temperature and thus the NO x emissions are reduced.
  • the gas supply via a gas nozzle system can open into the mixing passage.
  • the gaseous fuel or the carrier stream with the liquid fuel can be spatially very well mixed with the oxidizing agent. If the gas or vapor of the carrier stream is overheated, this facilitates partial or complete vaporization of the liquid fuel, thereby better avoiding peak temperatures.
  • swirl vanes for swirling the oxidizing agent may be present, which have cavities in communication with the gas supply. At least some of the gas nozzles of the gas nozzle system which open into the mixing passages are in this case connected to the cavities of the swirl vanes and thus to the gas supply.
  • the fuel can thus be introduced in particular into the vortex zone generated by means of the swirl vanes, which promotes the mixing of the fuel with the oxidizing agent.
  • nozzle tubes may be present, which have associated with the gas supply cavities. At least some of the gas nozzles of the gas nozzle system which open into the mixing passage are then in communication with the gas supply via the cavities of the nozzle tubes.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of the burner according to the invention is in FIG. 1 shown in a sectional view.
  • the burner according to the invention comprises an internal burner system 1, which will be referred to as pilot burner system 1, and a main burner system 3 arranged concentrically around the pilot burner system 1.
  • the pilot burner system 1 comprises an internal liquid fuel supply channel 5, a gaseous fuel internal gas supply channel 7 and an internal one Air supply channel 9.
  • the inner gas supply channel 7 is included arranged concentrically around the inner supply channel 5 for the liquid fuels around.
  • the inner air supply passage 9 is arranged concentrically around the inner gas supply passage 7.
  • the inner supply channel 5 for liquid fuels flows through a nozzle 11 into the combustion chamber 13.
  • the inner gas supply channel 7 opens via outlet openings 15 in the air supply channel 9, in which swirl blades 17 are arranged, which is responsible for a turbulence by the entry of the gas into the air resulting air-gas mixture and thus ensure good mixing of the two components.
  • a suitable ignition system may be arranged, which is not shown here.
  • the pilot burner system 1 is used to maintain a pilot flame supporting the stability of the burner flame and, in principle, allows the burner to operate as a diffusion burner or as a rich (fuel-rich) premixed burner, which, however, is generally not exploited for reasons of pollutant emissions.
  • the main burner system 3 concentrically disposed around the pilot burner system 1 includes a gas supply passage 31, one or more supply passages 33 for supplying a liquid fuel, and at least one air supply passage 35 as an oxidant supply passage.
  • a gas supply passage 31 one or more supply passages 33 for supplying a liquid fuel
  • at least one air supply passage 35 as an oxidant supply passage.
  • the oxidizing agent is used in the present embodiment, air.
  • the liquid fuel supply channel opens into the gas supply channel 31 via nozzles 43.
  • swirl blades 37 are arranged, which provide for a swirling of the air flow flowing through the air supply passage 35 in the direction of the combustion chamber 13. This part of the air supply channel 35 forms a mixing passage for mixing the fuel with the air as the oxidizing agent.
  • the swirl vanes 37 are at least partially hollow.
  • the cavities of the swirl vanes 37 communicate with the outer gas supply channel 31 via openings 39.
  • the swirl blades 37 have outlet openings 41, through which a gas supplied via the gas supply channel 31 can enter into the air supply channel 35.
  • the outlet openings 41 are formed as nozzles and arranged such that the gas together with the air still passes at least a portion of the swirl blades 37 and is thus swirled to achieve a good mixing with the air.
  • a supply of gaseous fuel such as natural gas
  • gaseous fuel such as natural gas
  • the arranged in the air supply passage 35 swirl blades 37 ensure mixing of the gaseous fuel with the air, so that the burner in premix operation to operate.
  • the liquid fuel is supplied via the liquid fuel supply channel 33 and atomized into the gas supply channel 31 by means of nozzles 43.
  • the gas supply channel 31 is a supply of an inert gas, such as molecular nitrogen, or the supply of a vapor, such as water vapor.
  • the atomization of the liquid fuel during injection into the gas supply channel 31 results in a gas-liquid mixture with finely divided liquid droplets.
  • the droplets of liquid fuel evaporate at least in part, so that part of the fuel after atomization into the gas supply channel 31 is in the gas phase.
  • the passage of the liquid fuel into the gas phase can be promoted by preheating the supplied inert gas or the supplied steam and / or the fuel. In this way, a complete evaporation of the atomized liquid fuel can be achieved. Preheating the carrier medium to a defined temperature can also be used to control the mixing quality of the mixture via the pulse.
  • the inert gas or the steam serves as a carrier stream for the droplets of the liquid fuel or the transition into the gas phase liquid fuel.
  • the carrier stream containing the fuel then flows like a gaseous fuel through the openings 39 into the cavities of the swirl vanes 37 and is injected from there through the outlet openings 41 into the air supply channel 35.
  • the swirl vanes 37 thereby ensure a turbulence of the carrier flow with the air and thus for a good mixing of the fuel contained in the carrier stream with the air as the oxidant.
  • the burner is thus to operate in premix mode also when operating with liquid fuel.
  • a liquid fuel is previously injected via the nozzles 43 into a carrier stream, which is supplied via the gas supply channel 31.
  • the liquid fuel is then taken up as vaporized fuel or as finely distributed in the form of floating droplets fuel from the carrier stream and injected through the outlet openings 41 in the air supply channel 35.
  • An additional outlet opening or injection nozzle for supplying liquid fuel into the air supply channel 35 is therefore not necessary in the burner according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shown A second embodiment of the burner according to the invention is in FIG. 2 shown.
  • the in FIG. 2 shown burner differs from the in FIG. 1 shown burner only in that the swirl blades 137 have no cavities, ie the swirl vanes 137 are not formed as hollow blades, and that nozzle tubes 139 are arranged in the air inlet passage 35.
  • the nozzle tubes 139 are formed as hollow tubes and border with an open end face 143 to an outlet opening 145 of the gas supply channel 31.
  • Each of the nozzle tubes 139 has a number of nozzles 141, via which a gaseous fuel supplied via the gas supply channel 31 and the cavity of the nozzle tubes 139 is injected into the air supply channel 35 when the burner is operated with gaseous fuel.
  • a carrier stream with finely distributed fuel droplets or vaporized fuel is injected into the air supply channel 35 in an analogous manner.
  • the injection of the liquid fuel into the carrier stream takes place as described with respect to FIG. 1 has been described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur de combustibles fluides, dans lequel, avant la combustion du combustible fluide, on effectue un mélange du combustible fluide et d'un agent oxydant, dans lequel, lorsque le brûleur fonctionne avec du combustible gazeux comme combustible fluide, on apporte le combustible gazeux par un canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz par l'intermédiaire d'ouvertures ( 41 ) de sortie à un apport ( 35 ) d'agent oxydant pour le mélange à l'agent oxydant, et on l'y fait passer ensemble avec l'agent oxydant encore par au moins une partie de pales ( 37 ) de tourbillonnement, qui sont disposées dans l'apport ( 35 ) d'agent oxydant, dans lequel, lorsque le brûleur fonctionne avec du combustible liquide, on mélange un combustible liquide servant de combustible fluide, avant le mélange à l'agent oxydant à un courant porteur sous forme de gaz ou de vapeur, en apportant un gaz inerte ou une vapeur comme courant porteur au canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz, et on apporte le combustible liquide par un canal ( 33 ) d'apport et on le pulvérise dans le canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz au moyen de buses ( 43 ), des gouttelettes de combustible liquide étant volatilisées au moins en partie et, pour le mélange du combustible fluide à l'agent oxydant, un mélange du courant porteur contenant le combustible liquide à l'agent oxydant s'effectue en injectant du combustible liquide et du courant porteur par les ouvertures ( 41 ) de sortie dans l'apport ( 35 ) d'agent oxydant.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'avant le mélange du combustible liquide au courant porteur, on provoque une surchauffe du courant porteur.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'en choisissant le courant massique et/ou la température de l'agent porteur, on règle la qualité du mélange du combustible liquide dans le courant porteur.
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le gaz ou la vapeur pour le courant porteur est sensiblement exempt d'oxygène moléculaire.
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme gaz ou comme vapeur pour le courant porteur de l'azote moléculaire ou de la vapeur d'eau.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour le mélange du combustible liquide au courant porteur sous forme de gaz ou de vapeur, il s'effectue une pulvérisation du combustible liquide dans le courant porteur.
  7. Brûleur de combustibles fluides, pour effectuer le procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel, avant la combustion du combustible fluide, il s'effectue un mélange du combustible fluide à un agent oxydant, comprenant
    - un apport ( 33 ) de combustibles liquides,
    - un canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz, dans lequel l'apport ( 33 ) de combustibles liquides débouche par l'intermédiaire d'un pulvérisateur ( 43 ) ou de plusieurs pulvérisateurs ( 43 ),
    - un apport ( 35 ) d'agent oxydant, dans lequel l'apport ( 31 ) de gaz débouche par l'intermédiaire d'un système ( 41, 141 ) de buses pour du gaz,
    - des pales ( 37 ) de tourbillonnement, qui sont mises dans l'apport ( 35 ) d'agent oxydant de manière à ce que le combustible fluide passe encore au moins sur une partie des pales ( 37 ) de tourbillonnement et
    - un passage de mélange, en communication directement ou indirectement avec l'apport ( 33 ) de combustibles liquides, le canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz et l'apport ( 35 ) d'agent oxydant, passage dans lequel s'effectue un mélange du combustible fluide à l'agent oxydant, dans lequel
    - l'apport ( 33 ) de combustibles liquides et le canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz sont disposés l'un par rapport à l'autre de manière à ce qu'il puisse s'effectuer, avant l'entrée d'un combustible liquide dans le passage de mélange, un mélange du combustible liquide à un courant porteur, sous forme de gaz ou de vapeur, apporté au moyen du canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz.
  8. Brûleur suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le gaz ou la vapeur du courant porteur est surchauffé.
  9. Brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il y a dans la partie de l'apport ( 35 ) d'agent oxydant des pales ( 37 ) de tourbillonnement, qui ont des cavités communiquant avec le canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz, et en ce qu'au moins une partie des buses ( 41 ) pour du gaz, débouchant dans le passage de mélange, du système de buses de gaz, communique avec le canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz par les cavités des pales ( 37 ) de tourbillonnement.
  10. Brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 7, 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il y a, dans la partie du passage de mélange, des tubes ( 139 ) formant buses, qui ont des cavités communiquant avec le canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz, et en ce qu'au moins une partie des buses ( 141 ) pour du gaz, débouchant dans le passage de mélange, du système de buses pour du gaz, communique avec le canal ( 31 ) d'apport de gaz par les cavités des tubes ( 139 ) formant buses.
  11. Brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conformé pour fonctionner au choix avec un combustible gazeux ou un combustible liquide comme combustible fluide.
EP05797157.4A 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur Ceased EP1800061B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05797157.4A EP1800061B1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04024185A EP1645805A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur
EP05797157.4A EP1800061B1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur
PCT/EP2005/054796 WO2006040255A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Bruleur pour combustibles fluides et procede permettant de faire fonctionner un bruleur de ce type

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1800061A1 EP1800061A1 (fr) 2007-06-27
EP1800061B1 true EP1800061B1 (fr) 2016-04-13

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EP04024185A Withdrawn EP1645805A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur
EP05797157.4A Ceased EP1800061B1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04024185A Withdrawn EP1645805A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur

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US (1) US8465276B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1645805A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006040255A1 (fr)

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WO2006040255A1 (fr) 2006-04-20
US8465276B2 (en) 2013-06-18
US20090061365A1 (en) 2009-03-05
EP1800061A1 (fr) 2007-06-27

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