EP1645805A1 - brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur - Google Patents

brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1645805A1
EP1645805A1 EP04024185A EP04024185A EP1645805A1 EP 1645805 A1 EP1645805 A1 EP 1645805A1 EP 04024185 A EP04024185 A EP 04024185A EP 04024185 A EP04024185 A EP 04024185A EP 1645805 A1 EP1645805 A1 EP 1645805A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
gas
mixing
burner
carrier stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04024185A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Dr Prade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP04024185A priority Critical patent/EP1645805A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2005/054796 priority patent/WO2006040255A1/fr
Priority to EP05797157.4A priority patent/EP1800061B1/fr
Priority to US11/665,100 priority patent/US8465276B2/en
Publication of EP1645805A1 publication Critical patent/EP1645805A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03343—Pilot burners operating in premixed mode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for fluid fuels, which is in particular to operate selectively with a gaseous or a liquid fuel as a fluid fuel and in which prior to the combustion of the fluid fuel, a mixing of the fluid fuel with an oxidizing agent. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method of operating such a burner.
  • the burner according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in gas turbine plants.
  • an air-fuel mixture is combusted in a combustion chamber, the exhaust gases of which set the turbine of the gas turbine plant into rotation and thus convert the thermal energy of the combustion process into mechanical energy.
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with burners. The burners mix the fuel with the air and burn the mixture.
  • burners are currently used which can be operated both with gaseous fuels and with liquid fuels.
  • Such a burner is disclosed for example in DE 42 12 810 A1.
  • the aim is to avoid the creation of pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides (NO x).
  • the nitrogen oxides are formed in the combustion process essentially by the fact that molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen are split and the atomic Oxygen or the atomic nitrogen then reacts with nitrogen or molecular oxygen to nitric oxides.
  • premix mode In order to keep the amount of nitrogen oxides formed low especially in the high load range, modern gas turbine plants are operated in the so-called premix mode. This means that the fuel is already mixed with the air before ignition. In contrast to this is the diffusion mode, in which a burning air-fuel mixture continuously supplied fresh air and fuel is injected. The mixing of the fuel with the air takes place only when burning.
  • the diffusion mode is essentially used in low-load operation and when starting up gas turbine plants.
  • the various operating states of a gas turbine plant are described, for example, in MJ Moore "NO x emission control in gas turbines for combined cycle gas turbine plant" in Proc Instn Mech Engrs Vol 211, Part A, 43-52.
  • inert gas for example water or steam
  • water or steam can be added to the combustion mixture in gas turbine plants in order to reduce pollutant emissions in certain operating states.
  • the water or steam then lowers the combustion temperature, which also results in a reduction in the amount of nitrogen oxides.
  • the burner described in DE 42 12 810 can be operated in premix mode both with liquid fuels and with gaseous fuels.
  • it comprises at least one fuel line for liquid fuel which opens into the air supply channel of the burner and at least one fuel line for gaseous fuel which opens into the air supply channel.
  • the fuel lines are each associated with outlet openings through which the respective fuel can be injected into the leading to the burner air flow.
  • the outlet openings are in this case adapted to the fuel supplied by means of the respective fuel lines, that this is mixed well with the combustion air flowing to the burner.
  • the first object is achieved by a method for operating a fluid fuel burner according to claim 1 and the second object by a fluid fuel burner according to claim 6.
  • the dependent claims contain advantageous developments of the invention.
  • the method of operating a fluid fuel burner according to the present invention prior to combustion of the fluid fuel, mixing of the fluid fuel with an oxidant, i. combustion takes place in premix mode.
  • an oxidant any agent capable of oxidizing the fuel, particularly, for example, air, is suitable.
  • the method according to the invention can also be designed such that optionally liquid fuels, i. all combustible liquids such as petroleum, methanol, etc., or gaseous fuels, i. all combustible gases such as natural gas, coal gas, propane gas, methane gas, etc., can be used as fluid fuel.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that a liquid fuel used as a fluidic fuel is mixed with a gaseous or vaporous carrier stream before being mixed with the oxidizing agent and mixing the liquid fuel containing carrier stream with the oxidizing agent for mixing the fluidic fuel the oxidizing agent takes place.
  • the inventive method makes it possible for the mixing of the fuel with the oxidizing agent - ie for the mixing of the carrier stream containing the fuel with the Oxidant - to use the same nozzle system, which is also used when mixing a gaseous fuel with the oxidant.
  • the structural design of the burner can therefore be simplified in particular in the field of fuel supply channels.
  • a vaporous fuel can be mixed with the oxidizing agent particularly well by means of the supply openings provided for the gaseous fuel.
  • peak temperatures can be better avoided when burning.
  • the carrier stream is largely free of molecular oxygen. It is particularly advantageous if the carrier stream contains no molecular oxygen at all. Suitable gas or vapor for the carrier stream are in particular molecular nitrogen or water vapor.
  • the mixing of the liquid fuel with the carrier stream can be effected by injecting the liquid fuel into the carrier stream.
  • injecting a fine atomization of the liquid fuel is carried out in the carrier stream.
  • the burner according to the invention is characterized in that the fuel supply for supplying liquid fuels and the gas supply are arranged relative to each other such that prior to the entry of a liquid fuel into the mixing passage mixing of the liquid fuel with a supplied by the gas supply gaseous or vaporous carrier stream can be done.
  • the gas supply thus serves both for supplying a gaseous fuel (when the burner is operated with a gaseous fuel) and for supplying an inert gaseous or vaporous medium, which forms the gaseous or vaporous carrier stream (if the burner with a liquid fuel is operated).
  • the burner according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to mix a liquid fuel with a gaseous or vaporous carrier stream before entering the mixing passage and then to supply this mixture to the mixing passage for mixing with the oxidizing agent.
  • the number of supply lines and in particular the number of inlet openings in the mixing passage can be reduced, since the same inlet openings to the mixing passage for the gaseous fuel as for the liquid fuel (in the carrier stream) can be used. Separate inlet openings for liquid fuels can therefore be omitted in the burner according to the invention.
  • the inlet openings designed for the gaseous fuel also ensure a high spatial mixing potential for mixing the carrier stream containing the liquid fuel with the oxidizing agent.
  • the fuel supply for the liquid fuel via one or more atomizers opens into the gas supply.
  • the atomizers allow atomization of the liquid fuel as it is introduced into the carrier stream.
  • the sputtering leads to a good mixing and also facilitates the evaporation of the liquid fuel due to the small dimensions of the sputtering fuel droplets. Overall, the maximum possible combustion temperature and thus the NO x emissions can be reduced.
  • the gas supply via a gas nozzle system can open into the mixing passage.
  • the gaseous fuel or the carrier stream with the liquid fuel can be spatially very well mixed with the oxidizing agent.
  • swirl vanes for swirling the oxidizing agent may be present, which have cavities in communication with the gas supply. At least a portion of the gas nozzles of the gas nozzle system which open into the mixing passages is in this case connected to the cavities of the gas nozzle system Swirl blades and thus connected to the gas supply.
  • the fuel can thus be introduced in particular into the vortex zone generated by means of the swirl vanes, which promotes the mixing of the fuel with the oxidizing agent.
  • nozzle tubes may be present, which have associated with the gas supply cavities. At least some of the gas nozzles of the gas nozzle system which open into the mixing passage are then in communication with the gas supply via the cavities of the nozzle tubes.
  • FIG 1 A first embodiment of the burner according to the invention is shown in FIG 1 in a sectional view.
  • the burner according to the invention comprises an internal burner system 1, which will be referred to as pilot burner system 1, and a main burner system 3 arranged concentrically around the pilot burner system 1.
  • the pilot burner system 1 comprises an internal liquid fuel supply channel 5, an internal gaseous fuel gas supply channel 7 and an internal one Air supply channel 9.
  • the inner gas supply channel 7 is included arranged concentrically around the inner supply channel 5 for the liquid fuels around.
  • the inner air supply passage 9 is arranged concentrically around the inner gas supply passage 7.
  • the inner supply channel 5 for liquid fuels flows through a nozzle 11 into the combustion chamber 13.
  • the inner gas supply channel 7 opens via outlet openings 15 in the air supply channel 9, in which swirl blades 17 are arranged, which is responsible for a swirling of the gas in the air resulting air-gas mixture and thus ensure good mixing of the two components.
  • a suitable ignition system may be arranged, which is not shown here.
  • the pilot burner system 1 serves to maintain a burner flame supporting the stability of the burner flame and in principle allows the burner to operate as a diffusion burner or a rich burner, which, however, is generally not exploited for reasons of pollutant emissions.
  • the main burner system 3 concentrically disposed around the pilot burner system 1 includes a gas supply passage 31, one or more supply passages 33 for supplying a liquid fuel, and at least one air supply passage 35 as an oxidant supply passage.
  • a gas supply passage 31 one or more supply passages 33 for supplying a liquid fuel
  • at least one air supply passage 35 as an oxidant supply passage.
  • the oxidizing agent is used in the present embodiment, air.
  • the liquid fuel supply channel opens into the gas supply channel 31 via nozzles 43.
  • swirl blades 37 are arranged, which provide for a swirling of the air flow flowing through the air supply passage 35 in the direction of the combustion chamber 13. This part of the air supply channel 35 forms a mixing passage for mixing the fuel with the air as the oxidizing agent.
  • the swirl vanes 37 are at least partially hollow.
  • the cavities of the swirl vanes 37 communicate with the outer gas supply channel 31 via openings 39.
  • the swirl blades 37 have outlet openings 41, through which a gas supplied via the gas supply channel 31 can enter into the air supply channel 35.
  • the outlet openings 41 are formed as nozzles and arranged such that the gas together with the air still passes at least a portion of the swirl blades 37 and is thus swirled to achieve a good mixing with the air.
  • a supply of gaseous fuel for example natural gas
  • gaseous fuel for example natural gas
  • the arranged in the air supply passage 35 swirl blades 37 ensure mixing of the gaseous fuel with the air, so that the burner in premixing to operate.
  • the liquid fuel is supplied via the liquid fuel supply channel 33 and atomized into the gas supply channel 31 by means of nozzles 43.
  • the gas supply channel 31 is a supply of an inert gas, such as molecular nitrogen, or the supply of a vapor, such as water vapor.
  • the atomization of the liquid fuel during injection into the gas supply channel 31 results in a gas-liquid mixture with finely divided liquid droplets.
  • the droplets of liquid fuel evaporate at least in part, so that part of the fuel after atomization into the gas supply channel 31 is in the gas phase.
  • the passage of the liquid fuel into the gas phase can be promoted by preheating the supplied inert gas or the supplied steam and / or the fuel. In this way, a complete evaporation of the atomized liquid fuel can be achieved. Preheating the carrier medium to a defined temperature can also be used to control the mixing quality of the mixture via the pulse.
  • the inert gas or the steam serves as a carrier stream for the droplets of the liquid fuel or the transition into the gas phase liquid fuel.
  • the carrier stream containing the fuel then flows like a gaseous fuel through the openings 39 into the cavities of the swirl vanes 37 and is injected from there through the outlet openings 41 into the air supply channel 35.
  • the swirl vanes 37 thereby ensure a turbulence of the carrier flow with the air and thus for a good mixing of the fuel contained in the carrier stream with the air as the oxidant.
  • the burner is thus to operate in premix mode also when operating with liquid fuel.
  • the injection of the fuel into the air supply duct 35 is independent of the type of fuel - i. regardless of whether a liquid fuel or a gaseous fuel is used - by means of the outlet openings 41, which were previously used only for injecting gaseous fuel use.
  • a liquid fuel is previously injected via the nozzles 43 into a carrier stream, which is supplied via the gas supply channel 31.
  • the liquid fuel is then taken up as vaporized fuel or as finely distributed in the form of floating droplets fuel from the carrier stream and injected through the outlet openings 41 in the air supply passage 35.
  • An additional outlet opening or injection nozzle for supplying liquid fuel into the air supply channel 35 is therefore not necessary in the burner according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of the burner according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the burner shown in FIG. 2 differs from the burner shown in FIG. 1 only in that the swirl blades 137 have no cavities, ie the swirl vanes 137 are not formed as hollow blades, and that nozzle tubes 139 are arranged in the air inlet passage 35.
  • the nozzle tubes 139 are formed as hollow tubes and border with an open end face 143 to an outlet opening 145 of the gas supply channel 31.
  • Each of the nozzle tubes 139 has a number of nozzles 141, via which a gaseous fuel supplied via the gas supply channel 31 and the cavity of the nozzle tubes 139 is injected into the air supply channel 35 when the burner is operated with gaseous fuel.
  • a carrier stream with finely distributed fuel droplets or vaporized fuel is injected into the air supply channel 35 in an analogous manner.
  • the injection of the liquid fuel into the carrier stream takes place as described with reference to FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP04024185A 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur Withdrawn EP1645805A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04024185A EP1645805A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur
PCT/EP2005/054796 WO2006040255A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Bruleur pour combustibles fluides et procede permettant de faire fonctionner un bruleur de ce type
EP05797157.4A EP1800061B1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur
US11/665,100 US8465276B2 (en) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Burner for fluid fuels and method for operating such a burner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04024185A EP1645805A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1645805A1 true EP1645805A1 (fr) 2006-04-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04024185A Withdrawn EP1645805A1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur
EP05797157.4A Ceased EP1800061B1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05797157.4A Ceased EP1800061B1 (fr) 2004-10-11 2005-09-23 Brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour utiliser un tel brûleur

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US8465276B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1645805A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006040255A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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EP1710502A2 (fr) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-11 Ansaldo Energia S.P.A. Ensemble brûleur à gaz de turbine à gaz

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EP1645805A1 (fr) * 2004-10-11 2006-04-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft brûleur pour combustible fluide et procédé pour uriliser un tel brûleur
US20090202953A1 (en) * 2008-02-07 2009-08-13 Radek Masin Glycerin burning system
US20100233640A1 (en) * 2008-02-07 2010-09-16 Radek Masin Glycerin burning system
EP2423591B1 (fr) * 2010-08-24 2018-10-31 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chambre de combustion
CA2833205C (fr) * 2010-12-30 2019-08-20 Rolls-Royce Power Engineering Plc Procede et appareil pour isoler des passages de fluide inactifs
EP3209940A1 (fr) * 2014-10-23 2017-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de combustion de carburant mixte pour moteurs à turbine
WO2016104725A1 (fr) * 2014-12-25 2016-06-30 川崎重工業株式会社 Brûleur, espace de combustion et turbine au gaz
US10352570B2 (en) * 2016-03-31 2019-07-16 General Electric Company Turbine engine fuel injection system and methods of assembling the same
EP4206535A1 (fr) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-05 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Ensemble brûleur à injecteurs en ligne

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1710502A2 (fr) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-11 Ansaldo Energia S.P.A. Ensemble brûleur à gaz de turbine à gaz
EP1710502A3 (fr) * 2005-03-30 2007-03-14 Ansaldo Energia S.P.A. Ensemble brûleur à gaz de turbine à gaz

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EP1800061B1 (fr) 2016-04-13
US20090061365A1 (en) 2009-03-05
US8465276B2 (en) 2013-06-18
EP1800061A1 (fr) 2007-06-27
WO2006040255A1 (fr) 2006-04-20

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