EP0251902B1 - Abdichtung zwischen Rohr und Verschluss an Kanonen - Google Patents

Abdichtung zwischen Rohr und Verschluss an Kanonen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0251902B1
EP0251902B1 EP19870401459 EP87401459A EP0251902B1 EP 0251902 B1 EP0251902 B1 EP 0251902B1 EP 19870401459 EP19870401459 EP 19870401459 EP 87401459 A EP87401459 A EP 87401459A EP 0251902 B1 EP0251902 B1 EP 0251902B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
breech
sealing
cams
cylinder head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19870401459
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0251902A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Durand
Joel Marcon
Patrick Pochard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
Original Assignee
Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delegation Generale pour lArmement filed Critical Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Publication of EP0251902A1 publication Critical patent/EP0251902A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0251902B1 publication Critical patent/EP0251902B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/74—Obturating or packing devices for gas leak prevention in breech mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/02—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/10—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a sealing device between the breech and the combustion chamber of a firearm and particularly of a large caliber weapon using ammunition without a casing, the closing movement of the breech being effected perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber, as for example in the case of a wedge cylinder head.
  • Patent FR-A-2 434 355 describes such a device in which the seal between the cylinder head and the combustion chamber is produced using a ring having a cylindrical lateral external surface allowing its adjustment in a housing of the movable cylinder head and a front surface which is applied to the rear face of the barrel in order to achieve sealing.
  • the front surface is brought into contact with the rear face of the barrel by the action of a pressure piston coming to press on a central zone of the seal.
  • Such a device results in the production of a complex cylinder head which must integrate, in addition to the firing system, the mechanism which must press on the central zone of the ring.
  • Patent FR-A-2 254 001 describes a sealing ring located in a housing of the combustion chamber, it is mounted with clearance in this housing and the pressure of the combustion gases has the effect of applying its surface of main seal on the cylinder head; a Belleville washer always maintains contact between the gasket and the cylinder head, which makes it possible to obtain the sealing effect with a very short response time, especially for large caliber weapons with significant play between the cylinder head and the back side of the barrel.
  • the proposed sealing ring may adhere to the interior of its housing in the chamber, which can cause a delay in the establishment of the seal and therefore no gas leaks, all the more important as the play between the breech and the rear face of the barrel is necessarily important for manufacturing and mounting conveniences (of the order of 1, 5 mm), and therefore that the displacement which the ring must effect under the effect of the gases is not negligible.
  • US-A 2 998 755 describes a sealing ring according to the preamble of claim 1 and disposed between the tube and the chamber of a weapon, in which the chamber pivots relative to the tube, the respective axes of the chamber and the tube remaining parallel to each other.
  • the ring has a U-section profile and is applied elastically to one face of the chamber and one face of the tube by deformable annular lips.
  • the ring thus described has an annular cam profile coming into contact with an also annular profile of the cylinder head. This structure cannot prevent the tilting of the axis of the ring relative to the axis of its cylindrical housing, since the forces exerted by the annular profile carried by the cylinder head on the annular profile carried by the ring would generate jams.
  • the invention provides a sealing device, consisting of a ring which can be moved away from the cylinder head during the closing movement of the latter.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is to allow the ring to rest on the cylinder head during part of the closing movement, in order to rid the cylinder head of combustion residues, the ring then acting as a scraper. Indeed, this support will not cause, thanks to the invention, the tilting described above.
  • the invention consists of a sealing device between a breech and a combustion chamber of a weapon, the breech moving perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber to come to be positioned opposite an opening of the latter at a rear face of the weapon, device constituted by an elastically deformable ring, having a cylindrical lateral surface making it possible to ensure its adjustment in a housing of the combustion chamber and a frontal sealing surface which is applied on a part of the cylinder head under the action of elastic means, characterized in that the ring has on the lateral surface two projections, symmetrical to one another with respect to the axis of the ring, on which come to act two cams, linked to the cylinder head, so as to apply the ring axially in its housing away from the cylinder head during part of the closing movement of the latter.
  • the cams have a profile such that they act on the projections of the sealing ring during the closing movement of the cylinder head so as to move the ring away from the cylinder head first, and then release the ring so that it comes to seal between the cylinder head and the combustion chamber.
  • the cams have a profile such that they act on the projections of the etan ring chewability during the closing movement of the cylinder head so as to move the ring away from the cylinder head first, then in a second time to let it come into contact with the latter, the projections then being at a distance (d ) of the cams, distance chosen so as to limit, during the closing movement, the angular tilting of the ring relative to the axis of the chamber.
  • the elastic means acting on the sealing ring consist of a part of the ring itself.
  • the elastic means consist of a plurality of tongues distributed over the periphery of the ring, said tongues being arranged angularly relative to the lateral surface and being supported by their free end on the rear face of the weapon.
  • the sealing ring has one or more circular grooves on its front surface.
  • Figures 5a and 5b show the cylinder head only, Figure 5b being a view in the direction Z of Figure 5a; Figure 5c shows the profile of the cam.
  • Figures 6 to 8 show schematically the different phases of the cylinder head closing movement.
  • Figure 6 showing the open position and Figures 7 and 8 of the intermediate positions between the open position and the closed position.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sealing ring 6 comprising a cylindrical lateral surface 13 fitted in a cylindrical housing 14 produced in a combustion chamber 2 of a weapon 1; a cylinder head 4 moving, guided by two bearing surfaces 21 and 22, perpendicular to the axis 7 of the combustion chamber comes to close the latter.
  • the seal is ensured by the support of a front surface 12 of the ring 6 on a face 11 of a firing plate 5, of cylindrical shape, integral with the cylinder head 4.
  • the firing plate is pierced with an opening (not shown) making it possible to ignite a propellant charge 23 contained in the combustion chamber, in a known manner, for example using the device described in patent FR-A-2464 451.
  • the support of the ring 6 on the firing plate 5 is obtained by means of elastic means constituted by four tongues 10 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) which are as many leaf springs pressing on a rear face 3 (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the sealing ring 6 also includes two projections 9 located in a plane perpendicular to the lateral surface 13 and symmetrical with each other with respect to the axis 24, projections of substantially parallelepiped shape, the largest face 28 projections 9 (see FIG. 2) being located in a plane perpendicular to the axis 24.
  • the ring also includes two circular grooves 15, concentric, with axis 24 hollowed out on the front surface 12.
  • Figures 5a and 5b schematically show the movable yoke 4 carrying a firing plate 5 and two cams 8 which are sheet metal plates cut according to a shape shown in Figure 5c; this substantially rectangular shape comprises a side 27 which bears on a flat surface 26 of the cylinder head, one side 20 and one side 19, parallel to the side 27, located, after mounting of the cam on the cylinder head, on the side of the ring sealing 6.
  • the two cams 8 are held in abutment on the surfaces 25 and made integral with the cylinder head 4 by means of fixing means, not shown, for example screws or rivets.
  • the assembly constituted by the cylinder head 4, the firing plate 5, and the cams 8 is such that the two cams have a symmetrical arrangement relative to a plane containing the axis 7 and parallel to the guide surface 22, this so to be able to come into contact, during the movement of the bolt, with the projections 9 of the ring 6.
  • the two cams are offset relative to the shooting plate 5 to the left in FIG. 5a, this for an explicit reason further.
  • Figure 6 shows the relative position of the cylinder head 4 and the sealing ring 6 when the cylinder head is open.
  • the front surface 12 of the sealing ring is located at a distance D1 from the rear face 3 of the weapon and that the face 11 of the firing plate 5 is itself at a distance D2 from this same rear face 3, D2 being less than Dl;
  • the closing movement which is a displacement of the yoke 4 in the direction 16, along the guide surfaces 21 and 22 would therefore bring into contact the lateral surface 13 of the ring with the firing plate 5;
  • the continuation of the closing movement would risk producing a tilting of the axis 24 of the ring with respect to the axis 7 of the chamber, tilting causing jamming of the ring in its housing; to avoid this drawback, the cams 8 come into contact with the projections 9, before there is contact between the ring 6 and the firing plate 5 (this is the reason for the offset arrangement of the cams 8 relative to the shooting plate; arrangement visible in Figure 5a).
  • a chamfer 18c of the cam comes into contact with a chamfer 18 S of the projection, the the cylinder head closing movement continuing, the zones 19 of the cams act on the projections 9 so as to move the ring 6 away from the firing plate 5 (see FIG. 7) the front surface 12 is then at a distance D3 from the rear panel 3 (D3 ⁇ D2).
  • the sealing ring is then in contact with the firing plate 5.
  • the purpose of this contact is to clean the firing plate, the combustion residues being expelled by the lateral surface of the ring 6.
  • the most large face 28 of the projections is parallel to the side 20 of the cams and located at a distance d on this side, this face 28 at a length L; the maximum angle of tilting of the axis 24 of the ring with respect to the axis 7 of the chamber is limited by the ratio d / L, the value of which is chosen so as to prevent jamming of the ring in his accommodation.
  • the cams 8 end up no longer facing the projections 9.
  • the closing movement is not completely finished, but the arrangement of the cams relative to the firing plate is such that when this situation intervenes, the axis of the firing plate is sufficiently close to the axis of the ring, the portion of the surface of the firing plate in contact with the front surface 12 of the ring is then large enough so that it does not can no longer be tilting of the axis 24 of the ring relative to the axis 7 of the chamber, and therefore that there can no longer be any jamming of the ring in its housing.
  • the cams act in a similar manner to previously.
  • the firing plate 5 is first cleaned by the friction of the sealing ring 6 while the sides 20 of the cams 8 cooperate with the projections 9, to limit the axial tilting of the ring; then the sides 19 act on the projections 9 so as to move the face 12 away from the shooting plate.
  • the circular grooves 15 participate with the general shape of the ring 6 in maintaining the seal during the firing of the propellant charge. They play the role of baffles; if, as a result of the erosion of the ring, part of the gas reaches one of the grooves, there is an expansion of these gases which cannot escape towards the outside of the weapon.
  • the wear of the shooting plate is reduced; the parts subject to wear are the cams 8, inexpensive sheet metal parts which are easily interchangeable without long and costly dismantling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Abdichtungsvorrichtung zwischen den Verschluß (4) und die Verbrennungskammer (2) einer Waffe (1), wobei sich der Verschluß quer zur Achse (7) der Verbrennungskammer bewegt, um sich gegenüber einer Öffnung der letzteren auf Höhe der hinteren Seite (3) der Waffe zu positionieren, Vorrichtung bestehend aus einem elastisch verformbaren Ring (6) mit einer seitlichen, cylindrischen Fläche (13) zur Gewährung dessen Sitz in der Aufnahme (14) der Verbrennungskammer (2) sowie aus einer stirnseitigen Abdichtungsfläche (12), die unter Einwirkung elastischer Mittel gegen einen Teil des Verschlusses (4) gedruckt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ring (6) auf dessen seitlichen Fläche (13) mit zwei gegenüber liegenden und symetrisch zur Achse (24) des Ringes angeordneten Auskragungen (9) versehen ist, auf welche zwei mit dem Verschluß verbundenen Steuerkurven (8) wirken, um den Ring axial in dessen Aufnahme (14) während eines Teiles der Schließbewegung des Verschlusses fern vom Verschluß zu drücken.
2. Abdichtungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerkurven (8) so gestaltet sind, daß sie während der Schließbewegung des Verschlusses in einem ersten Takt den Ring fern vom Verschluß halten und in einem zweiten Takt den Ring freilassen, damit er die gewünschte Abdichtung zwischen dem Verschluß (4) und die Verbrennungskammer (2) bewirken kann.
3. Abdichtungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerkurven (8) so gestaltet sind, daß sie auf die Auskragungen (9) des Abdichtungsringes (6) während der Schließbewegung des Verschlusses entsprechend wirken, damit in einem ersten Takt der Ring fern von Verschluß gehalten wird und in einem zweiten Takt der Ring gegen den Verschluß zum Anliegen kommt, wobei sich dann die Auskragungen mit einem Abstand (d) gegenüber der Steuerkurven befinden, einem Abstand, der entsprechend gewählt worden ist, damit die winkelmässigen Kippbewegung des Ringes (6) um die Achse (7) der Verbrennungskammer während der Schließbewegung begrenzt wird.
4. Abdichtungsvorrichtung nach einem beliebigen Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf den Ring wirkenden elastischen Mittel (10) aus einem Teil des Ringes selbst bestehen.
5. Abdichtungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastischen Mittel aus mehreren Zungen (10) bestehen, die auf dem Umfang des Ringes (6) verteilt sind, wobei die erwähnten Zungen unter einem gewissen Winkel gegenüber der seitlichen Fläche (13) angeordnet sind und sich mit ihrem freien Ende auf die hintere Seite (3) der Waffestützen.
6. Abdichtungsvorrichtung nach einem beliebigen Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abdichtungsring (6) auf dessen Stirnseite (12) mit einer oder mehreren kreisförmigen Rille(n) versehen ist.
EP19870401459 1986-06-25 1987-06-25 Abdichtung zwischen Rohr und Verschluss an Kanonen Expired EP0251902B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8609172 1986-06-25
FR8609172A FR2600762B1 (fr) 1986-06-25 1986-06-25 Systeme d'etancheite tube-culasse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0251902A1 EP0251902A1 (de) 1988-01-07
EP0251902B1 true EP0251902B1 (de) 1989-10-11

Family

ID=9336683

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870401459 Expired EP0251902B1 (de) 1986-06-25 1987-06-25 Abdichtung zwischen Rohr und Verschluss an Kanonen

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EP (1) EP0251902B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3760768D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2600762B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3922334C2 (de) * 1989-07-07 1994-04-21 Rheinmetall Gmbh Axial einstellbarer Waffenrohr-Bodenring
DE4006215A1 (de) * 1990-02-28 1991-09-05 Rheinmetall Gmbh Liderungsringanordnung
GB9310372D0 (en) * 1993-05-20 1993-09-01 British Aerospace Infantry weapons
FR2728064A1 (fr) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-14 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif d'etancheite pour arme a feu a munition sans douille
RU2122169C1 (ru) * 1997-08-28 1998-11-20 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт точного машиностроения Затворный механизм для артиллерийского орудия безгильзового заряжания
DE10213928A1 (de) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Mörserrohr
CN112504007B (zh) * 2020-11-27 2022-08-16 河北燕兴机械有限公司 一种无坐力炮用闩体闭气结构

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2998755A (en) * 1960-02-01 1961-09-05 Robert J Thierry Traversely swinging gun breech with obturating seal
DE1578046A1 (de) * 1966-12-14 1970-10-15 Rheinmetall Gmbh Keilverschluss fuer Geschuetze mit auswechselbarer Ringliderung
US3446113A (en) * 1967-09-01 1969-05-27 Trw Inc Sealed open chamber breech mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3760768D1 (en) 1989-11-16
EP0251902A1 (de) 1988-01-07
FR2600762A1 (fr) 1987-12-31
FR2600762B1 (fr) 1990-04-27

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