EP0571266B1 - Einrichtung zum Laden von Munition in einem schwenkbaren Patronenlager - Google Patents

Einrichtung zum Laden von Munition in einem schwenkbaren Patronenlager Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0571266B1
EP0571266B1 EP93401265A EP93401265A EP0571266B1 EP 0571266 B1 EP0571266 B1 EP 0571266B1 EP 93401265 A EP93401265 A EP 93401265A EP 93401265 A EP93401265 A EP 93401265A EP 0571266 B1 EP0571266 B1 EP 0571266B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
loading
round
station
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93401265A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0571266A1 (de
Inventor
Georges Simon
Michel Baubois
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CTA International SAS
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CTA International SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0571266A1 publication Critical patent/EP0571266A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/54—Cartridge guides, stops or positioners, e.g. for cartridge extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
    • F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
    • F41A9/10—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging
    • F41A9/11—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a horizontal plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39—Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42—Rammers separate from breech-block
    • F41A9/43—Chain rammers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/45—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position the cartridge chamber or the barrel as a whole being tiltable or transversely slidable between a loading and a firing position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/54—Cartridge guides, stops or positioners, e.g. for cartridge extraction
    • F41A9/55—Fixed or movable guiding means, mounted on, or near, the cartridge chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/54—Cartridge guides, stops or positioners, e.g. for cartridge extraction
    • F41A9/58—Cartridge stops; Cartridge positioners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for loading ammunition into a pivoting chamber of a weapon, in particular of a medium caliber weapon comprising an oscillating mass journalled along a horizontal axis in a support frame and a retracting mass including in particular a launch tube, the pivoting chamber and a sleeve in which the chamber pivots alternately between a first so-called firing position and a second so-called loading position, these two positions being angularly offset from one another by an angle a of between 0 and 90 °, of the type comprising a device for pivoting the chamber, a device for supplying ammunition and a device for loading ammunition into the chamber when the latter is in its position loading.
  • Loading systems of the aforementioned type are known in particular from documents US-4,827,829 and EP-0 004 581.
  • the chamber pivots in a vertical plane around a horizontal axis aligned along the axis of the journaling of the weapon.
  • the chamber in the loading position is always aligned along a vertical axis, and the loading of a new munition is carried out by the lower opening of the chamber.
  • the pivot angle of the chamber varies according to the angle of elevation of the weapon, and it is always equal to the angle complementary to the angle of elevation.
  • the devices for supplying and loading ammunition into the chamber are integral with a fixed support, and it is simply stated that they do not include a flexible connection device between the loading device and the breech block of the weapon to compensate for variations in the angle of elevation of the weapon between two ammunition loading positions. It should be noted that in this document, the loading of ammunition in the chamber can only be done after the weapon is returned to battery, which results in a reduction in the rate of fire.
  • the chamber pivots through 360 ° in steps of 90 °.
  • the chamber pivots in a vertical plane around an axis parallel to the journaling axis of the weapon.
  • the ammunition is stored in a bar-shaped store located above the chamber.
  • the ammunition is arranged vertically and they are loaded one by one by means of a lever when the chamber is in one of its two loading positions which are aligned along a vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the tube.
  • the magazine is linked in translation to the chamber, and the ammunition is loaded during the return phase of the recoil movement of the weapon.
  • the system described in this document implements large volumes, which are incompatible with use for a medium caliber weapon mounted in particular on an armored vehicle.
  • the movement of the loading device during the recoil movement of the weapon is detrimental to its proper functioning.
  • the document US-A-3 899 954 which is included in the preamble of independent claim 1, describes a system for ejecting the casing of a munition fired by a weapon which comprises an oscillating mass and a retracting mass.
  • the feed device is integral with the retracting mass and comprises a feed station where the ammunition is aligned along an axis substantially parallel to the axis of journaling of the weapon, and a loading station where the ammunition is aligned along the axis of the chamber.
  • the ammunition is loaded into a chamber which is constituted by the rear part of the tube, that is to say that this chamber does not in itself constitute a part which is pivotally mounted relative to the tube of the 'armed.
  • the object of the invention is to design a supply system, in particular for a medium caliber weapon, which is capable of overcoming the drawbacks of the above systems while providing other advantages.
  • the invention provides a feeding system of the aforementioned type, and which is characterized in that the feeding device is integral with the receding mass of the weapon and comprises a station supply where a new ammunition is aligned along an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the journal of the weapon, a loading station secured to the receding mass of the weapon where the ammunition is aligned along the axis of the chamber when the latter is in its second position, these two positions being angularly offset from each other by an angle b substantially complementary to the pivot angle a of the chamber, and means for ensuring transfer by pivoting ammunition between the feeding station and the loading station.
  • the weapon is journalled on a support frame of the weapon, and the chamber pivots by a fixed angle and close to 30 ° around an axis perpendicular to the journaling axis of the weapon and to the axis of the tube.
  • the ammunition in place at the feed station is arranged parallel to the axis of the journaling of the weapon, and it is preferably aligned along this axis.
  • the means for ensuring the transfer by pivoting of the ammunition between the supply station and the loading station comprise drive means which bear against the ammunition.
  • these means for transferring the ammunition comprise an endless chain wound on several sprockets, and at least one first finger secured to the chain which comes into contact with the ammunition to rotate it.
  • the pinions on which the chain is wound are at least three in number and delimit a triangle, a first side of which is parallel to the axis of the journal of the weapon and a second side of which is parallel to the axis of the chamber.
  • the first finger secured to the chain moving on the three sides of the triangle knowing that this finger, when it moves along the third side of the triangle, is supported on the body of the ammunition to cause its pivoting between the feeding station and the loading station , and when it moves along the second side of the triangle, it bears on the base of the ammunition to push it, between guide ramps, inside the chamber.
  • the means for transferring the ammunition between the supply station and the loading station also form the device for loading the ammunition into the chamber.
  • the loading system according to the invention being integral with the retreating mass of the weapon, and knowing that a new ammunition is put in place at the feeding station before the recoil movement of the weapon consecutive to the firing of a ammunition loaded in the chamber, there is provided, according to another provision of the invention, a retaining means against which bears the new ammunition to hold it in place at the feeding station during the recoil movement of the weapon.
  • this retaining means consists of the first drive finger carried by the chain of the aforementioned transfer means, and by a second finger also integral with the chain, the distance separating the two fingers being less than the length of ammunition.
  • this retaining means could be constituted by a fixed stop.
  • the device for pivoting the chamber comprises a cam mounted to rotate on an axis perpendicular to the axis of the journaling of the weapon and connected on the one hand, to the chamber by a first connecting mechanism to transform the rotational movement of the cam into a alternating pivoting movement of the chamber and, on the other hand, to a motor member, such as a gear motor, by a second connecting mechanism to drive it in rotation.
  • a cam mounted to rotate on an axis perpendicular to the axis of the journaling of the weapon and connected on the one hand, to the chamber by a first connecting mechanism to transform the rotational movement of the cam into a alternating pivoting movement of the chamber and, on the other hand, to a motor member, such as a gear motor, by a second connecting mechanism to drive it in rotation.
  • the cam is constituted by a disc
  • the first connecting mechanism which transforms the rotational movement of the cam into an alternating pivoting movement of the chamber consists of a groove located at the underside of the disc, and by a roller mounted free at the end of an arm secured to the pivot axis of the chamber, and which is housed in the groove to follow the profile of the cam which has four successive sectors corresponding successively to the chamber maintained in the open or loading position, to the pivoting of the chamber to make it pass into the firing position, to the chamber maintained in the firing position, and to the pivoting in the opposite direction of the chamber to cause it to pass to new in open or loading position.
  • the means for transferring ammunition from the supply station to the loading station can be actuated by the control cam in pivoting of the chamber, by means of a toothing carried by the disc. of the cam and which engages an intermediate pinion integral in rotation with one of the drive pinions of the chain of the transfer means.
  • a blocking device which is controlled by the cam and which has the function of blocking a munition in the chamber, this device comprising a retractable stop which can protrude through the 'chamber outlet opening, while allowing an empty cartridge case to be ejected from the chamber by the ammunition being loaded.
  • the invention relates mainly to weapons automatic using telescoped ammunition, that is to say cylindrical ammunition where the projectile is not projecting with respect to the propellant charge and which are shorter than traditional ammunition with metal case, these weapons being in particular intended for be loaded on infantry fighting vehicles.
  • FIGS. 1, 1a and 2 A loading system, according to the invention, of a munition in a pivoting chamber 1 of a weapon is illustrated in FIGS. 1, 1a and 2.
  • the weapon comprises an oscillating mass journalled around a substantially horizontal axis XX supported by a support frame (not shown), and a receding mass MR including in particular the chamber 1, the tube 2 of the weapon and a support block 5.
  • the receding mass MR is part of the oscillating mass MO, but it is movable relative to the latter during the recoil of the weapon following the firing of the ammunition.
  • the tube 2 is inserted, in its rear part, into a sleeve 7 of the block 5 and kept screwed by a threaded ring 8.
  • Chamber 1 is formed by an elongated hollow cylindrical body, the two end surfaces 1a and 1b each of which have a convex spherical shape.
  • the chamber 1 is housed in a cavity 9 arranged in the central part 7b of the sleeve 7, this cavity 9 opening laterally outside the sleeve 7 to allow the angular movement of the chamber 1.
  • a percussion system 10 known per se, is engaged and fixed in the central opening 11 delimited at the end of the rear part 7c of the sleeve 7.
  • the rear end surface 2a of the tube 2 and the end surface before 10b of the percussion system 10 have concave spherical shapes combined with those of the end surfaces 1a and 1b of the chamber 1, respectively.
  • the chamber 1 has at mid-length two diametrically opposite external bosses 12a and 12b which freely engage in two lateral openings 7d of the sleeve 7.
  • the two bosses 12a and 12b are aligned along a YY axis or pivot axis of the chamber 1 which is perpendicular to the journal axis XX of the weapon.
  • Two pins 13a and 13b (FIG. 1a) are respectively made integral in rotation with the two bosses 12a and 12b, and they are fixed axially by means of two screws 14a and 14b aligned along the pivot axis YY of the chamber 1.
  • the loading system comprises in particular a device 15 for pivoting control of the chamber 1, and a supply device 16 for bringing ammunition 17 from a supply station to a loading station for loading it into chamber 1 when the latter is in its loading position.
  • the control device 15 which ensures the pivoting of the chamber 1, comprises a cam 20 in the form of a disc 21 having a central boss 22 on a face or face lower and a central through opening 23.
  • the cam 20 is rotatably mounted about an axis A perpendicular to the journal axis XX of the weapon.
  • This axis A is constituted by the cylindrical body of a screw 24 which freely crosses the central opening 23 of the disc 21.
  • the screw 24 is supported by its head 24a on the upper surface of the disc 21, while its another threaded end is screwed into the wall of the sleeve 7, the end surface of the boss 22 of the disc 21 bearing on the sleeve 7.
  • the cam 20 is connected on the one hand, to the chamber 1 by a first device mechanical link ML1 which transforms the rotational movement of the cam 20 into an alternating pivoting movement of the chamber 1 and, on the other hand, to a drive member, such as a gear motor M, by a second device mechanical link ML2 which ensures the rotation of the cam 20 from the rotational movement of the output shaft of the motor M.
  • a first device mechanical link ML1 which transforms the rotational movement of the cam 20 into an alternating pivoting movement of the chamber 1
  • a drive member such as a gear motor M
  • the first mechanical connection device ML1 comprises a groove 25 located on the underside of the disc 21 of the cam 20, and a roller 26 which is housed in the groove 25.
  • the roller 26 is mounted free in rotation at the end of an arm 27 which laterally extends the pin 13a of the chamber 1, this pin and this arm forming a drive crank.
  • the groove 25 is divided into four successive sectors 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d.
  • the sector 25a corresponds to the chamber 1 in the open or loading position, and it is centered on the axis of rotation of the cam 20.
  • the roller 26 moves in this sector 25a of the groove 25, the chamber 1 remains stationary in the loading position.
  • the roller 26 successively traverses the four sectors of the groove 25, which results in an alternating pivoting movement of the chamber at an angle of approximately 30 ° in the example considered here.
  • the second ML2 mechanical connection device comprises a pinion 29 integral in rotation with the output shaft 30 of the motor M.
  • the peripheral lateral surface of the disc 21 of the cam 20 has a toothing 31 which is engaged with a first pinion 32 of a double intermediate pinion 33, the other pinion 34 of which is engaged with the pinion 29.
  • the intermediate pinion 33 is rotatably supported by a shaft 35, one end of which is fixed in the sleeve 7 and the other end of which is retained by a screw 36, the head rests on a bracket 37 secured to the fitted sleeve 5.
  • the supply device 16 comprises a supply station A intended to receive ammunition 17, a loading station C from which the ammunition 17 is loaded in chamber 1, and means 40 which ensure both the transfer of the ammunition 17 from the supply station A to the loading station C, and its loading in the chamber 1.
  • the supply stations A and loading stations C are angularly offset from one another by an angle complementary to the pivot angle of the chamber 1, that is to say an angle close to 60 ° for a pivoting angle of the chamber 1 close to 30 °.
  • a munition 17 is aligned along the journaling axis XX of the barrel 2 of the weapon, according to a preferred embodiment, and when it is in place at the loading C, it is aligned along the axis of the chamber 1 when the latter is in its loading position.
  • the feeding stations A and loading stations C are arranged on a plate 42 secured to the receding mass of the weapon.
  • the plate 42 is offset laterally relative to the axis of the tube 2, and it is generally in the form of a circular sector whose radius is at least equal to the length ammunition 17. When the angle of elevation of the weapon is close to 0 °, the plate 42 is located in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the supply stations A and loading stations C are located respectively in the vicinity of the two rectilinear edges of the circular sector of the plate 42.
  • One of these edges of the plate 42 extends substantially parallel to the swiveling axis XX of the weapon, the supply station A being adjacent to this edge, while the other edge of the plate 42 extends substantially parallel to the loading axis of the chamber 1, the loading station C being adjacent to this other edge.
  • the arcuate edge of the plate 42 is surmounted by a rim 42a for guiding the ammunition 17 during its transfer from the supply station A to the loading station C.
  • the means 40 which ensure the transfer of ammunition 17 between the supply stations A and of loading station C comprise an endless chain 45.
  • This chain 45 supports a drive finger 50 and a retaining finger 51 which extend perpendicular to the plane of the chain 45 and on the same side thereof.
  • the chain 45 is wound on three pinions 52, 53 and 54 with parallel axes, arranged in a triangle and supported in rotation by the plate 42.
  • the rotation of the cam 20 which ensures the pivoting of the chamber 1, can also ensure the drive of the chain 45 by a pinion 52b, coaxial and integral with the pinion 52, and which engages with the teeth 31 of the cam 20
  • the side of the triangle generally delimited by the two pinions 52 and 53 is substantially parallel to the ammunition 17, when the latter is in place at the feed station A.
  • the side of the triangle delimited generally by the pinions 52 and 54 is substantially parallel to ammunition 17, when this is in place at loading station C.
  • the triangle thus delimited by the three sprockets 52, 53 and 54 divides the chain 45 into three strands b1 (between the sprockets 52 and 53), b2 (between the sprockets 53 and 54) and b3 (between the sprockets 52 and 54).
  • the pinions 52, 53 and 54 are respectively supported by three brackets 52a, 53a and 54a.
  • an intermediate plate 56 which has a slot 56a corresponding to the triangle formed by the chain 45 for the free passage of the fingers 50 and 51.
  • the two plates 42 and 56 are spaced from each other by a distance slightly greater than the width of a munition 17.
  • the plate 42 has an opening 42b for bringing a munition 17 to the supply station A by means of a conveyor 42c for example shown in phantom.
  • the ammunition 17 when the ammunition 17 is in place at the supply station A, its front end is supported, on one side, on a fixed stop 60 and, on the other side, on a retractable double stop 61a, 61b.
  • the stop 61a is formed by the end of a lever 62, the other end of which is pivotally articulated about an axis 63 supported by a fixed wall forming a ramp 65 and which passes through a hole 63a in the lever 62.
  • This ramp 65 extends parallel to the axis of the chamber 1, when the latter is in its loading position, and it serves to guide the ammunition 17 when it enters the chamber 1.
  • the stop 61b is formed by the end of a lever 66 which is pivotally articulated, substantially at its central part, around an axis 67 supported by the lever 62 in the vicinity of the end of the latter. forming the stop 61a.
  • the lever 62 has an oblong groove 68 in which moves a pin 69 integral with the lever 66 and extending parallel to the articulation axis 67 of said lever.
  • a spiral spring 70 is mounted around the axis 67, with one of its ends fixed to the pin 69 and its other end fixed to the lever 62. This spring 70 permanently biases the pin 69 towards one end of the oblong groove 68 , the arm 66 then taking an angularly offset position relative to the lever 62, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the lever 62 On the side of its pivot axis 63, the lever 62 has a lateral extension 72 which carries a stop 73 intended to come into contact with the fixed wall 65 to limit the pivoting movement of the lever 62.
  • a spring 74 shown in FIG. 2 , acts permanently on this lateral extension 72 of the lever 62 so that the stop 73 is in contact with the fixed wall 65, that is to say that the lever 62 takes a position corresponding to a maximum pivot angle relative to the wall 65, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • This means is located opposite the guide wall 65 and it is constituted , as shown in FIG. 6, of a flap 76, one longitudinal side of which is pivotally hinged about an axis 77.
  • the flap 76 is permanently biased by a spring device 78 to protrude through an opening 79 provided in the plate 42.
  • the flap 76 then takes a position inclined at about 45 ° relative to the plane of the plate 42, and the longitudinal side 76a, opposite to that which is articulated to the axis 77, s' extends parallel to the guide wall 65.
  • the chamber 1 has, towards its end adjacent to the inlet of the tube 2, a lateral protuberance 80 whose function is to obstruct the entry of the tube 2 when the chamber 1 is in its loading position, as is clear from FIG. 8, in order to avoid the intrusion of a foreign body on the one hand, and to ensure gas tightness against combustion, on the other hand.
  • This device 85 which makes it possible to block a munition 17 once loaded in the chamber 1.
  • This device 85 comprises a retractable stop 86 controlled by the end of a lever 87 mounted pivoting about an axis 88 supported by the sleeve 5, and the other end of which supports a roller 89 which bears on a ramp 90 provided on the peripheral surface of the control cam 20.
  • the stop 86 is supported by two parallel rods 91 which pass right through a fixed support piece 92 and which each cooperate with a spring 93.
  • the springs 93 urge the stop 86 so that it protrudes partly through the 'outlet opening of chamber 1, when the latter is in the loading position.
  • the free ends of the two rods 91 are connected to each other by a pin 95 against which the lever 87 comes to bear to raise the stop 86.
  • the motor M is actuated to cause the rotation of the cam 20 and the drive of the chain 45 which supports the finger 50. More precisely, the toothing 31 carried by the disc 21 of the cam 20 drives in rotation, by the pinion 52b in the example shown here, the driving pinion 52 of the chain 45.
  • the driving of the chain 45 in the direction indicated by the arrow F causes the displacement of the finger 50 on the strand b3 of the chain.
  • the finger 50 comes into contact with the base 17a of the ammunition 17, to push it inside the chamber 1.
  • the ammunition 17 is guided laterally by the fixed wall 65, on one side, and by the stop 60 and the flap 76, on the other side. It should be noted that the lever 62 which carries the stops 61a and 61b is then superimposed on the fixed guide wall 65, the stops then playing no role.
  • the ammunition 17 can come into abutment against an empty socket 17 'of the previous shot and present in the chamber 1. This socket 17' is then pushed by the ammunition 17 and ejected by the front of bedroom 1.
  • the stop 86 which was held in the raised position by the lever 87, is lowered as a result of a change in profile of the ramp 90 of the cam which allows the springs 93 to rotate the lever 87 and push the stop 86.
  • the stop 86 then projects through the outlet opening of the chamber 1 (FIGS. 10 and 10a) and comes to bear on the empty socket 17 ′ which makes it possible to slow down its speed d 'ejection.
  • the lever 62 which was then held against the fixed wall 65 by the ammunition 17, is released under the bias of the spring 74.
  • the lever 62 angularly departs from the wall 65 to take the position shown in FIG. 13, its stop 73 then coming to bear against the lateral ramp 65, in order to limit the pivot angle of the lever 62.
  • the stop 86 protrudes in the outlet opening of chamber 1 is lowered completely and retains the ammunition 17 inside chamber 1.
  • the cam 20 continues to rotate and causes the chamber 1 to pivot towards its firing position, as a result of the displacement of the roller 26 in the sector 25b of the groove 25.
  • the two fingers 50 and 51 of the chain 45 pass around the pinion 52 to move on the strand b1 of the chain 45, and a new munition 17 is put in place at the supply station A.
  • the firing of the ammunition 17 loaded in the chamber 1 is requested, in a manner known per se, by actuation of the percussion system 10 located at the rear of the chamber 1 (FIG. 1).
  • the roller 26 then moves in the sector 25c of the groove 25, but the chamber 1 remains in its firing position.
  • the new ammunition 17 located at the feed station A is held in place by the fingers 50 and 51 of the chain 45 and against which the new ammunition 17 comes to bear.
  • the new ammunition 17 to be loaded into the chamber 1 is in the position illustrated in FIG. 13. In this position, the front of the ammunition 17 generally bears against the stops 60, 61a and 61b.
  • the rotation of the cam 20 continues, and the roller 26 moves in the sector 25d of the groove 25 and causes a reverse pivoting movement of the chamber 1 in the direction of its loading position.
  • the finger 50 is then passed over the strand b2 of the chain 45, to bear against the ammunition 17 and cause it to pivot around the stops 60, 61a and 61b.
  • the rear part of the ammunition 17 generally bears against the substantially circular rim 42a of the plate 42, while its front part is blocked by the stops 60, 61a and 61b.
  • the ammunition 17 bears on the stop 61b and the lever 66 gradually disappears by pivoting around its articulation axis 67, that is to say say that it tends to approach the lever 62, against the force exerted by the spiral spring 70, the angle formed by these two levers 66 and 62 being gradually reduced to 0 °.
  • the ammunition 17 then takes support on the lever 62 which, in turn, gradually disappears by pivoting around its axis of articulation 63, that is to say say that it tends to approach the fixed wall 65 against the force exerted by the spring 74, the angle formed by the lever 62 and the wall 65 being gradually reduced to 0 °.
  • the withdrawal of the stop 61a allows the ammunition 17 to approach the entrance to the chamber 1.
  • the ammunition 17 retracts the flap 76 by pivoting it around its articulation axis 77, and it comes to bear against the wall 65, the flap 76 resuming its initial position under the action of the associated spring device 78.
  • the ammunition 17 is then in place at the loading station C and held between the wall 65 and the flap 76, and it is found in the position illustrated in FIG. 9, before it is loaded into the chamber 1.
  • the two fingers 50 and 51 entrained by the chain 45 form a means of retaining the ammunition 17 in place at the feed station A during the recoil movement of the weapon.
  • the cam 20 for alternately pivoting the chamber 1 also ensured the drive of the chain 45.
  • the rotational movement of the cam could be dissociated from the movement d 'advance of the chain, provided that these two movements are controlled synchronously.
  • the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described above and given solely by way of example.
  • the chain 45 can be replaced by a toothed belt on which the two drive fingers 50 and 51 are similarly fixed, or else by a manipulating bucket actuated by the rotational movement of the chamber 1. It is also it is possible to provide a double supply by placing two systems symmetrically with respect to the chamber 1 and by adding a mechanism for reversing the direction of rotation of the control cam 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
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Claims (20)

  1. System zur Ladung einer Munition (17) in eine drehbare Kammer (1) einer Waffe, insbesondere einer Waffe von mittlerem Kaliber, umfassend eine Masse, die um einen Drehzapfen entsprechend einer horizontalen Achse in einem Trägerelement hin- und hergeht, und eine zurückgehende Masse, die insbesondere ein Abschußrohr (2), die drehbare Kammer (1) und eine Muffe (7) beinhaltet, in welcher die Kammer (1) auf eine alternierende Weise zwischen einer ersten sogenannten Schußposition und einer zweiten sogenannten Ladeposition dreht, wobei diese zwei Positionen winklig zueinander um einen Winkel a einschließlich zwischen 0 und 90° verschoben sind, und des Typs, umfassend eine Vorrichtung (15) zur Steuerung einer Drehbewegung der Kammer (1), eine Vorrichtung (16) zur Zuführung von Munitionen und eine Vorrichtung (50) zur Ladung, um eine neue Munition in die Kammer (1) zu laden, wenn sich diese in ihrer Ladeposition befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (16) zur Zuführung aus einem Stück mit der zurückgehenden Masse der Waffe besteht und eine Stelle (A) zur Zuführung, an welcher die neue Munition (17) entsprechend einer zu der Drehzapfenachse (XX) der Waffe im wesentlichen parallelen Achse ausgerichtet wird, eine Stelle (C) zur Ladung, die aus einem Stück mit der zurückgehenden Masse der Waffe besteht, an welcher die neue Munition (17) entsprechend der Achse der Kammer (1) ausgerichtet wird, wenn sich diese in ihrer Ladeposition befindet, wobei diese zwei Stellen (A und C) zueinander winklig um einen Winkel b im wesentlichen komplementär zu dem Drehwinkel a der Kammer (1) verschoben sind, und Einrichtungen (40) zur Sicherstellung des Überganges der Munition (17) durch Drehung zwischen der Stelle (A) zur Zuführung und der Stelle (C) zur Ladung umfaßt.
  2. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem die Kammer (1) um eine zu der Drehzapfenachse (XX) der Waffe senkrechte Achse (YY) dreht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die an der Stelle (A) zur Zuführung befindliche Munition (17) entsprechend der Drehachse der Kammer (1) ausgerichtet wird und daß der Drehwinkel a der Kammer (1) konstant und nahe 30° etwa ist.
  3. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtungen (40) zur Sicherstellung des Überganges der neuen Munition (17) durch Drehung zwischen der Stelle (A) zur Zuführung und der Stelle (C) zur Ladung Mitnahmeeinrichtungen umfassen, die von einer Platte (42), welche aus einem Stück mit der zurückgehenden Masse der Waffe besteht, abgestützt und bestimmt sind, mit der Munition (17) in Kontakt zu kommen.
  4. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorerwähnten Mitnahmeeinrichtungen aus einer Endloskette (45), die über mehrere Zahnräder (52, 53, 54) läuft, und wenigstens einem ersten Zapfen (50), der aus einem Stück mit der Kette (45) besteht und der mit der Munition (17) in Kontakt kommt, um sie zwischen den Stellen (A) zur Zuführung und (C) zur Ladung drehen zu lassen, gebildet sind.
  5. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zahnräder (52, 53, 54), über welche die Kette (45) läuft, wenigstens drei an der Zahl sind und ein Dreieck begrenzen, dessen erste Seite parallel zu der Drehzapfenachse der Waffe ist und eine zweite Seite entsprechend der Achse der Kammer (1) ausgerichtet ist, wenn sich diese in ihrer Ladeposition befindet, wobei sich der erste Zapfen (50), der von der Kette (1) getragen ist, parallel zu den drei Seiten des Dreiecks verschiebt.
  6. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der erste Zapfen (50) seitlich auf dem Körper der Munition (17) abstützt, um die Drehung der Munition nach sich zu ziehen, wenn sie sich längs der dritten Seite des Dreiecks bewegt.
  7. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Zapfen (50) die Vorrichtung zur Ladung durch Druck der Munition bildet, indem er sich gegen die Patronenhülse von dieser (17) abstützt, wenn sie sich längs der zweiten Seite des Dreiecks bewegt.
  8. System zur Ladung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Rückhalteeinrichtung umfaßt, um eine neue Munition (17) an einer Stelle (A) zur Zuführung der Vorrichtung (16) zur Zuführung während der Rückstoßbewegung der Waffe infolge eines Schusses einer Munition bereitzuhalten.
  9. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rückhalteeinrichtung einen zweiten Zapfen (51) umfaßt, der von der Kette (45) getragen und von dem ersten Zapfen (50) um einen Abstand kleiner als die Länge der ersten Seite des Dreiecks getrennt ist, um die Munition (17) an der Stelle (A) zur Zuführung bereitzuhalten, die sich gegen die Zapfen (50, 51) während der Rückstoßbewegung der Waffe abstützt.
  10. System zur Ladung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtungen (40) zur Überführung durch die Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Drehbewegung der Kammer (1) angetrieben ist.
  11. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Drehung der Kammer (1) eine Nocke (20) umfaßt, die drehbar auf einer Achse (A) senkrecht zu der Drehzapfenachse (X-X) der Waffe angebracht und einerseits mit der Kammer (1) durch einen ersten Verbindungsmechanismus (ML1), um die Drehbewegung der Nocke (20) in eine alternierende Drehbewegung der Kammer (1) zu überführen, und andererseits mit einem Antriebselement (M) durch einen zweiten Verbindungsmechanismus (ML2), um sie in Drehung zu bringen, verbunden ist.
  12. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nocke (20) eine Scheibe (21) umfaßt und daß der erste Verbindungsmechanismus (ML1) eine Rille (25) auf der Innenseite der Scheibe (21) sowie eine Rolle (26), die frei drehbar an dem Ende eines Armes (27), welcher aus einem Stück mit der Drehachse der Kammer (1) besteht, angebracht ist, umfaßt, wobei sich die Rolle (26) in der Rille (25) führt, die vier aufeinanderfolgende Abschnitte (25a-25d) umfaßt, welche jeweils der Kammer (1), die in Öffnungs- oder Ladeposition gehalten ist, einer Drehbewegung der Kammer (1), um sie in Schußposition führen zu lassen, der Kammer (1), die in Schußposition gehalten ist, und einer Drehbewegung der Kammer (1) in umgekehrter Richtung, um sie erneut in Öffnungs- oder Ladeposition führen zu lassen, entspricht.
  13. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die altenierende Drehbewegung der Kammer (1) durch die Verschiebung der Rolle (26) in der Rille (25) erhalten ist.
  14. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Scheibe (21) der Nocke (20) an deren Außenumfangsfläche eine Verzahnung (31) umfaßt, die mit einem Zahnrad (52b) bei einer Drehung des Mitnahmezahnrades (52) der Kette (45) der Einrichtungen (40) zur Überführung in Eingriff steht.
  15. System zur Ladung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (16) zur Zuführung wenigstens einen hochklappbaren Anschlag (61a, 61b) umfaßt, der an einem Hebel (62) abgestützt ist, welcher drehbar zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Position durch eine Federeinrichtung (74) angebracht ist, wobei die erste und zweite Position einer Munition (17) an den Stellen (A) zur Zuführung und (C) zur Ladung entspricht.
  16. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Munition (17) an dem Anschlag (61a, 61b) während ihrer Überführung von der Stelle (A) zur Zuführung zu der Stelle (C) zur Ladung abstützt, wobei die Munition (17) die Drehbewegung des Hebels (62) in dessen zweite Position, in welcher der Anschlag (61a, 61b) vollständig hochgeklappt ist, nach sich zieht.
  17. System zur Ladung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (16) zur Zuführung an der Stelle (C) zur Ladung Einrichtungen (65, 75) zur Führung der Munition (17) im Verlaufe von deren Ladung in die Kammer (1) umfaßt, wobei diese Einrichtungen beidseits der Munition (17) gelegen sind.
  18. System zur Ladung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtungen (65) zur Führung durch eine zu der Ladeachse der Kammer (1) parallele, starre Wand gebildet sind und daß die zusätzlichen Einrichtungen (75) zur Führung durch den Rand (76a) einer Klappe (76) gebildet sind, welche sich zeitweise während der Überführung der Munition (17) von der Stelle (A) zur Zuführung zu der Stelle (C) zur Ladung hochklappt.
  19. System zur Ladung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer (1) an ihrem vorderen Ende (1a) einen seitlichen Vorsprung (80) umfaßt, der den Einlaß des Rohres (2) versperrt, wenn sich die Kammer (1) in ihrer Ladeposition befindet.
  20. System zur Ladung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Blockiervorrichtung (85) zum Blockieren einer Munition (17) umfaßt, die in das Innere der Kammer (1) geladen ist, wobei diese Vorrichtung (85) einen hochklappbaren Anschlag (86) umfaßt, der durch einen drehbaren Hebel (87) betätigt ist, welcher sich an einer Rampe (90) der Steuerungsnocke (20) abstützt.
EP93401265A 1992-05-21 1993-05-18 Einrichtung zum Laden von Munition in einem schwenkbaren Patronenlager Expired - Lifetime EP0571266B1 (de)

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FR9206198A FR2691530B1 (fr) 1992-05-21 1992-05-21 Système de chargement d'une munition dans une chambre pivotante d'une arme.
FR9206198 1992-05-21

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EP0571266A1 EP0571266A1 (de) 1993-11-24
EP0571266B1 true EP0571266B1 (de) 1997-08-20

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CN102840790A (zh) * 2012-09-18 2012-12-26 中国兵器工业第二0二研究所 弹链式小口径火炮供弹及后坐复进模拟装置

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SE9900152L (sv) * 1999-01-20 2000-06-19 Bofors Weapon Sys Ab Sätt och anordning för att hantera artillerigranater vid laddning av artilleripjäser
IL160834A0 (en) * 2004-03-11 2004-08-31 Kapro Ind Ltd Combination square

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NL191113A (de) * 1953-10-01
US3899954A (en) * 1973-07-09 1975-08-19 Pacific Car & Foundry Co Empty cartridge forward ejection mechanism for rapid fire weapon
DE2813633C2 (de) * 1978-03-30 1983-01-27 Heckler & Koch Gmbh, 7238 Oberndorf Handfeuerwaffe mit schwenkbarem Verschlußteil
US4827829A (en) * 1983-12-08 1989-05-09 Ares, Inc. Recoil and counterrecoil buffer for automatic cannon
DE3427875C1 (de) * 1984-07-28 1992-04-30 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Automatische Feuerwaffe mit walzenfoermigem Verschlussteil

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102840790A (zh) * 2012-09-18 2012-12-26 中国兵器工业第二0二研究所 弹链式小口径火炮供弹及后坐复进模拟装置
CN102840790B (zh) * 2012-09-18 2014-09-03 中国兵器工业第二0二研究所 弹链式小口径火炮供弹及后坐复进模拟装置

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JPH06294595A (ja) 1994-10-21
DE69313176D1 (de) 1997-09-25
FR2691530A1 (fr) 1993-11-26
US5333530A (en) 1994-08-02
EP0571266A1 (de) 1993-11-24
FR2691530B1 (fr) 1994-08-19
DE69313176T2 (de) 1998-02-05

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