EP0250961A2 - Esters chiraux d'acides phénylalkyliques alpha substitués et composés hydroxyle mésogènes et leur utilisation comme dopants dans des phases liquides cristallines - Google Patents

Esters chiraux d'acides phénylalkyliques alpha substitués et composés hydroxyle mésogènes et leur utilisation comme dopants dans des phases liquides cristallines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250961A2
EP0250961A2 EP87108377A EP87108377A EP0250961A2 EP 0250961 A2 EP0250961 A2 EP 0250961A2 EP 87108377 A EP87108377 A EP 87108377A EP 87108377 A EP87108377 A EP 87108377A EP 0250961 A2 EP0250961 A2 EP 0250961A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compounds
diyl
liquid crystal
formula
substituted
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EP87108377A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0250961A3 (en
EP0250961B1 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Prof. Dr. Heppke
Günter Prof. Dr. Scherowsky
Christian Bahr
Lutz Lehmann
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Priority to AT87108377T priority Critical patent/ATE78472T1/de
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Publication of EP0250961A3 publication Critical patent/EP0250961A3/de
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Publication of EP0250961B1 publication Critical patent/EP0250961B1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
    • C09K19/0225—Ferroelectric
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
    • C09K19/2021—Compounds containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom
    • C09K19/2028—Compounds containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom containing additionally a linking group other than -COO- or -OCO-, e.g. -CH2-CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C=C-; containing at least one additional carbon atom in the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups, e.g. -COO-CH*-CH3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/32—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
    • C09K19/321—Compounds containing a bicyclo [2,2,2] octane ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3441—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3441—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom
    • C09K19/345—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms
    • C09K19/3458—Uncondensed pyrimidines
    • C09K19/3463—Pyrimidine with a carbon chain containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom, i.e. optically active pyrimidines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3491—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having sulfur as hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
    • C09K2019/3422—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered ring

Definitions

  • the characteristics of the electro-optical effects used in liquid crystal displays generally change with temperature. Difficulties arise in particular in the case of actuation in the multiplex range, which can lead to an undesirable restriction of the working temperature range.
  • the temperature dependence of the electro-optical characteristics can be advantageously influenced by adding chiral compounds to the nematic liquid crystal via the temperature function of the pitch of the cholesteric helix structure thereby induced, for example the cholesteric-nematic phase conversion effect, the TN ("twisted nematic") cell and the recently introduced SBE ("supertwisted birefringence effect”) and the STN ("super twisted nematic”) effect.
  • smectic liquid crystal phases have also become increasingly important for practical applications in recent years ("tilted”). If suitable dopants are added to such inclined-smectic phases, in particular smectic C (S c or SmC) phases, which show a so-called spontaneous polarization (P s ), then the phases mentioned can be converted into a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase (name of P s in nC . Cm ⁇ 2), see for example Lagerwall et al. in the article "Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals for Displays", SID Symposium, October Meeting, 1985, San Diego (USA).
  • EP-A 0 159 872 describes compounds, inter alia, of the general formula below, which are said to be suitable as components in liquid-crystal systems, showing high values for spontaneous polarization:
  • the object of the present invention is to show compounds which, at high values for the spontaneous polarization P s, have structural elements which also make them “compatible” (ie miscible) with other components in liquid-crystal systems, since structural elements in the mesogenic part and / or chiral part of the molecules are often responsible for good "compatibility” with the other mixture components in liquid crystal systems.
  • the invention is based on the known chiral esters of ⁇ -substituted phenylalkanoic acids and mesogenic hydroxyl compounds.
  • the electron-withdrawing substituents Y in particular include the CF3 and OCH3 groups, but also halogens such as Cl or Br or the CN group.
  • the compounds mentioned are chiral ⁇ -mono or disubstituted (i.e. substituted in the 2-position of a chiral phenylalkanoic acid) phenylacetic or phenylpropionic acid ester of phenols (or comparable heterocyclic compounds) or cycloalkanols.
  • twistable liquid crystal phase containing at least one chiral compound which contains at least one compound of the general formula (I) as the chiral compound.
  • twistable liquid crystal phase is to be understood as meaning nematic, cholesteric or “tilted” smectic, in particular SmC, phases.
  • the twistable liquid crystal phases consist of 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15 components, including at least one of the chiral compounds claimed according to the invention.
  • the other constituents are preferably selected from the known compounds with nematic, cholesteric and / or inclined-smectic phases; these include, for example, Schiff bases, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylbiphenyls, pyrimidines, cinnamic acid esters, cholesterol esters, variously bridged, terminally polar polynuclear esters of p-alkylbenzoic acids.
  • acid scavengers such as amines, for example pyridine or triethylamine, or of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal (hydrogen) carbonates
  • the crude product (I) obtained can be purified in a manner known per se, for example by recrystallization or by column chromatography.
  • the liquid crystal phases generally contain from 0.01 to 70% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 50% by weight, of the compound (s) according to the invention.
  • the compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable as dopants for inclined-smectic liquid crystal phases, since they convert them into ferroelectric liquid crystal phases.
  • the phenol or cycloalkanol component is dissolved in pyridine and an equimolar amount of (-) - 2-methoxy-2-trifluoromethyl-2-phenylethanoyl chloride is added dropwise. Excluding moisture, 60 minutes. heated to 65 ° C and then stirred for 12 h at room temperature. Then the mixture is poured into ice water, it is concentrated. Acidified hydrochloric acid, etherified several times and the combined ether phases washed with aqueous NaHCO3 solution. After drying the ether phases over MgSO4, concentrating to a smaller volume and supersaturation of the phases with petroleum ether, the following products crystallize in the refrigerator:
  • R - (-) - 2-methoxy-2-phenyl-ethanoic acid in benzene with SOCl2 is heated under reflux for 1 h and then concentrated in vacuo and taken up in absolute benzene.
  • a solution of the phenol or cycloalkanol component in benzene is added and the reaction mixture is mixed with pyridine. The mixture is stirred for 12 h, poured into water, extracted with ether and the organic phase is treated in succession with aqueous K2CO3 solution, aqueous saturated NaCl solution, aqueous 3N HCl solution and aqueous saturated NaCl solution. Then it is dried (over MgSO4), concentrated, and the reaction product is purified by column chromatography on silica gel with methylene chloride as the eluent.
  • the spontaneous polarization (P s ) is determined in the SmC phase of the commercially available compound "HEPTOAB” (manufacturer, for example, Frinton - USA) with the characteristic data "K 74.4 SmC 95.4 N 124.2 I", with the respective dopant 10 mol% can be added.
  • the compounds according to the invention are also very suitable for inducing a cholesteric helical structure in a nematic liquid crystal phase, so as to e.g. as described at the beginning, to positively influence the temperature dependence of the electro-optical characteristic curve of liquid crystal displays.
  • the compound (3) became a commercially available nematic wide range mixture - "RO-TN 404" from Hoffmann-La Roche Aktiengesellschaft (Basel / Switzerland) - added with a clearing point of 104 ° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
EP87108377A 1986-06-14 1987-06-10 Esters chiraux d'acides phénylalkyliques alpha substitués et composés hydroxyle mésogènes et leur utilisation comme dopants dans des phases liquides cristallines Expired - Lifetime EP0250961B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87108377T ATE78472T1 (de) 1986-06-14 1987-06-10 Chirale ester aus alpha-substituierten phenylalkansaeuren und mesogenen hydroxylverbindungen und ihre verwendung als dotierstoff in fluessigkristall-phasen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863620049 DE3620049A1 (de) 1986-06-14 1986-06-14 Chirale ester aus (alpha)-substituierten phenylalkansaeuren und mesogenen hydroxylverbindungen und ihre verwendung als dotierstoff in fluessigkristall-phasen
DE3620049 1986-06-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0250961A2 true EP0250961A2 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0250961A3 EP0250961A3 (en) 1988-09-28
EP0250961B1 EP0250961B1 (fr) 1992-07-22

Family

ID=6303004

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87108377A Expired - Lifetime EP0250961B1 (fr) 1986-06-14 1987-06-10 Esters chiraux d'acides phénylalkyliques alpha substitués et composés hydroxyle mésogènes et leur utilisation comme dopants dans des phases liquides cristallines

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4874545A (fr)
EP (1) EP0250961B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2593875B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE78472T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1288093C (fr)
DE (2) DE3620049A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2044869T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3627964C2 (de) * 1985-08-26 2000-11-02 Samsung Electronic Devices Ferroelektrische kristallin-flüssige Derivate verzweigter acyclischer chiraler alpha-Chlorcarbonsäuren, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung in Gemischen für schnell schaltende Displays in der Optoelektronik
GB8623582D0 (en) * 1986-10-01 1986-11-05 Secr Defence Mandelic acid derivatives
JPH07116131B2 (ja) * 1987-06-15 1995-12-13 チッソ株式会社 チオエ−テル化合物及び液晶組成物
US5324449A (en) * 1987-09-25 1994-06-28 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Substituted phenyl trifluoromethyl ethers
US5536442A (en) * 1987-09-25 1996-07-16 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Fluorinated liquid crystal compounds and liquid crystal medium containing same
DE3909802A1 (de) * 1988-07-27 1990-04-05 Merck Patent Gmbh Difluormethylverbindungen
JPH0830023B2 (ja) * 1988-05-19 1996-03-27 株式会社ジャパンエナジー 新規なビフェニル化合物、これを含む液晶組成物及び光スイッチング素子
US5211879A (en) * 1989-11-07 1993-05-18 Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. Ester compounds and liquid crystal compositions containing the same
US5128061A (en) * 1990-08-14 1992-07-07 Optical Shields, Inc. Phenyl-pyrimidine liquid crystal materials
JP3081024B2 (ja) * 1991-07-11 2000-08-28 株式会社リコー 光学活性アゾ化合物及びそれを含む液晶組成物
US5547605A (en) * 1993-12-15 1996-08-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft 2-Aryloxytetrafluoropropionic esters, process for their preparation, and their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159872A2 (fr) * 1984-04-13 1985-10-30 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Composé de cristal liquide smectique et compositions liquides cristallines
EP0217240A1 (fr) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Esters chirales d'acides carboxyliques mésogènes, leur procédé de préparation et leur utilisation comme agents de dopages dans les phases nématogènes

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US4613209A (en) * 1982-03-23 1986-09-23 At&T Bell Laboratories Smectic liquid crystals
DE3377219D1 (en) * 1982-11-26 1988-08-04 Hitachi Ltd Smectic liquid crystal compounds and liquid crystal compositions
DE3333677A1 (de) * 1983-09-17 1985-04-04 Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Fluessigkristall-phase
US4686305A (en) * 1984-03-07 1987-08-11 Chisso Corporation 4'-substituted-phenyl α-methyl-β-(4-substituted-phenyl) propionates
EP0191860B1 (fr) * 1984-06-07 1990-04-18 Seiko Instruments Inc. Compose de cristaux liquides
JPS6117541A (ja) * 1984-07-03 1986-01-25 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd 液晶化合物
DE3580406D1 (de) * 1984-07-11 1990-12-13 Merck Patent Gmbh Fluessigkristall-phase.
DE3577843D1 (de) * 1984-09-10 1990-06-28 Ajinomoto Kk Biphenyldiesterverbindungen und fluessigkristallkompositionen die diese enthalten.
JPH0717904B2 (ja) * 1985-01-29 1995-03-01 旭硝子株式会社 強誘電性液晶組成物
DE3683062D1 (de) * 1985-02-08 1992-02-06 Ajinomoto Kk Auf polyphenyl basierende esterverbindungen und sie enthaltende fluessigkristalline zusammensetzungen.
JPS62111950A (ja) * 1985-11-08 1987-05-22 Ajinomoto Co Inc 液晶
EP0225195B1 (fr) * 1985-12-04 1993-11-24 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Composés à base de phénylpyrimidines et compositions de cristaux liquides les contenant
JPS62142131A (ja) * 1985-12-13 1987-06-25 Ajinomoto Co Inc 液晶中間体
DE3618213A1 (de) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-10 Hoechst Ag Chirale ester aus (alpha)-substituierten carbonsaeuren und mesogenen hydroxylverbindungen und ihre verwendung als dotierstoff in fluessigkristall-phasen
GB8623582D0 (en) * 1986-10-01 1986-11-05 Secr Defence Mandelic acid derivatives

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159872A2 (fr) * 1984-04-13 1985-10-30 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Composé de cristal liquide smectique et compositions liquides cristallines
EP0217240A1 (fr) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Esters chirales d'acides carboxyliques mésogènes, leur procédé de préparation et leur utilisation comme agents de dopages dans les phases nématogènes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS, Band 148, 1987, Papers Presented at the 11th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Berkeley, California 30. Juni - 4. July 1986, Seiten 29-43, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, US; CH. BAHR et al.: "Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Properties of binary mixtures and pure compounds with high spontaneous polarisation" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2593875B2 (ja) 1997-03-26
DE3780523D1 (de) 1992-08-27
US4874545A (en) 1989-10-17
DE3620049A1 (de) 1987-12-17
JPS632953A (ja) 1988-01-07
CA1288093C (fr) 1991-08-27
EP0250961A3 (en) 1988-09-28
EP0250961B1 (fr) 1992-07-22
ATE78472T1 (de) 1992-08-15
ES2044869T3 (es) 1994-01-16

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