EP0250476A1 - Transistor a effet de champ selectif aux ions et procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Transistor a effet de champ selectif aux ions et procede de fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP0250476A1 EP0250476A1 EP19860906869 EP86906869A EP0250476A1 EP 0250476 A1 EP0250476 A1 EP 0250476A1 EP 19860906869 EP19860906869 EP 19860906869 EP 86906869 A EP86906869 A EP 86906869A EP 0250476 A1 EP0250476 A1 EP 0250476A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diffusions
- type
- leg
- source
- drain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion selective field effect transistor and the method of manufacturing this transistor.
- Ion selective field effect transistors are known from the article by A. SIBBALD. "Chimical-sensitive field-effect transistors" I.E.E. Proceedings. Flight. 130. Pt. 1. N 5. Oct 1983 which gathers the bibliography (130 references) on the ISFET since the work of BERGVELD. 1970 to the present day.
- Such field effect transistors are known, in particular from British patent 2,010,011, as well as their manufacturing process.
- Such a device of the prior art has the drawback of not being able to avoid the formation of parasitic or parallel channels elsewhere than at the level of the P-type channel produced in the region of the grid.
- the length of the drain and source diffusion is such that they bring additional resistances and thereby reduce the amplification of the field effect transistor.
- a first object of the invention is to propose a field effect transistor which overcomes the above drawbacks.
- the ion selective field effect transistor comprising a T-shaped substrate in which are executed, in a grid area (2) close to the end of the leg of the T, two N-type diffusions to constitute the source (3) and the drain (4) in the grid area (2), said N-type diffusions extending away from the area of substrate (1) where the leg of the T joins the crossbar, is characterized in that the source diffusions (3) and drain (4) are surrounded by a diffusion 'P type constituting a guard ring (6) level of the grid area (2), in that, between the grid area (2) and the junction area of the T bar with its leg, a P-type diffusion zone surrounds on each side the diffusions of drain (4) and source (3) and in that the length of the leg of the T is reduced and the N-type diffusions stop in the immediate vicinity of the junction of the leg and the transverse bar of the T.
- N-type diffusion is carried out to a depth of 5 microns while P-type diffusion is carried out to a depth of 10 microns.
- N-type diffusions are extended at the surface of the T bar by metallizations (30, 40) which are in contact with these diffusions by openings (31, 41).
- the field effect transistor includes a contact pad (5) for polarizing the substrate.
- a second object of the invention is to propose a method of manufacturing this transistor which makes it possible to obtain elements of better quality, that is to say with a low dispersion of the characteristics of the components and greater reliability in the manufacturing, that is to say a high manufacturing yield.
- the manufacturing process comprises, after a step of cleaning a silicon wafer (1), the following steps: formation of a guard ring (6) by a P-type diffusion
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view in partial section of the component
- FIG. 2a shows a top view of the component and before cutting along the line DD '.
- Figure 2b shows a sectional view of Figure 2a along the section line AA ';
- FIG. 1 represents an ion selective field effect transistor (ISFET).
- ISFET ion selective field effect transistor
- This transistor has substantially the shape of a T whose narrow zone (1B) forms the central leg of the T and the wide zone (1A) forms the transverse bar of the T.
- This transistor consists of a P-type silicon substrate (1) with a concentration of 5.10 atm / cm3 and an orientation in the plane (100) of the substrate.
- the metallization (5), constituting a central stud provides contact in the volume of the silicon constituting the substrate (1). This contact is made by means of a metallization in an opening (50, FIG. 2a) as will be seen in the rest of the manufacturing process.
- This central contact pad (5) which provides contact with the substrate (1) optionally makes it possible to adjust the threshold voltage V ⁇ of the ISFET by adjusting the value of the source-substrate voltage V j g, in accordance to the following relationship: where V TQ represents the threshold voltage of the ISFET at source-substrate voltage V BS zero, k being a constant and Co ⁇ the gate capacity per unit area.
- FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c make it possible to better discern another advantage and improvement of the ISFET transistor of the present invention compared to the prior art.
- FIG. 2a represents a top view of the transistor in which the shape taken by the N-type, source (3) and drain (4) diffusions, the metallizations (30, 40) and the metallization (5) has been represented. as well as the shape taken by the openings (31, 41 and 50) for engaging the contacts of the metallizations (30, 40, and 5) on, respectively, the source (3), the drain (4) and the substrate (1).
- a guard ring (6) constituted by a P-type diffusion which completely surrounds the N-type diffusions of source and drain (3, 4).
- FIG. 2a represents a top view of the transistor in which the shape taken by the N-type, source (3) and drain (4) diffusions, the metallizations (30, 40) and the metallization (5) has been represented. as well as the shape taken by the openings (31, 41 and 50) for engaging the contacts
- the P-type diffusion comprises a central zone (6) located between the two N-type diffusions of source (3) and drain (4) and two external zones located on either side of the source diffusions (3) and drain (4).
- Figure 2b which is a sectional representation along BB '(corresponding to the grid area (2)), of the substrate (1)
- the P-type diffusion is only located on the side and on the other of the two source (3) and drain (4) diffusions and that there exists between each of the diffusions P, N a zone of substrate (1) whose thickness is maintained at a given minimum, so lowering the breakdown voltage of the source-substrate diode and of the drain-substrate diode.
- the 7/0 is a sectional representation along BB '(corresponding to the grid area (2)
- a fourth step consisting in pre-depositing the P + type layer is obtained by heating boron impurities constituted by BBr,. heated at 1080 * C in a stream of nitrogen and oxygen for 7 minutes to transform it into B CL.
- This step makes it possible to obtain the P-type diffusion zones (6) shown in FIG. 3c.
- This pre-deposition step is followed by a fifth step known as the redistribution of the diffusion of P + impurities carried out by heating the substrate to 1150 ° C. in a stream of nitrogen for 30 minutes, then a stream of wet oxygen for 30 minutes. and finally for 10 minutes in a stream of argon.
- This step is performed in order to increase the depth of diffusion, as shown in Figure 3d, and to calibrate the square surface resistance.
- the eighth stage of photogravure of the N + type diffusion zones is carried out in which, as shown in FIG. 4a attacks the diffusion of the source and the drain (3, 4).
- This photoengraving operation is carried out using the mask shown in FIG. 4b, a figure in which the zones (113) and (114) in which the silica layer has been represented
- a ninth step of pre-deposition and redistribution of the N-type impurities, diffused in the substrate is carried out in a conventional manner for the skilled person, so as to diffuse the N-type impurities up to a depth of 5 microns and thus form the source (3) and the drain (4), as shown in Figure 4c.
- the diffusion of type P impurities in the process of the invention is carried out to a depth of 10 microns, a depth greater than the depth of type N impurities.
- the method of the invention saves time.
- the "redistribution which follows the pre-deposit of doping impurities from the drain and source zones only causes a deep diffusion of the ring, which is not troublesome whereas the reverse, as well as does KURARAY.
- This ninth step is followed by a tenth step of protective nitriding for the next V-attack step.
- This nitriding acts as a masking agent and passivator whose electrical properties are analogous to silicon oxide S. 0_, while having the qualities of resistance to attack by chemical agents.
- This step consisting of a chemical deposition in the vapor phase under low pressure, a layer of silicon nitride (12), S ⁇ N- is deposited on the entire substrate, as shown in FIG. 5.
- the deposition of chemical vapor under low pressure is carried out by introducing dichlorosilane (S ⁇ H CI ⁇ ) and ammonia (NH,) in an oven maintained at a temperature of 750 ° C and in which a primary vacuum has been carried out.
- This low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) chemical vapor deposition operation provides a better passivation quality than in a so-called CVD operation at atmospheric pressure.
- This nitride deposition step is carried out until a nitride thickness of 0.1 micron is obtained.
- FIGS. 6a, 6b and 2a An eleventh photogravure step of the chemical cutting zone to be carried out is represented in FIGS. 6a, 6b and 2a by the reference (13), this reference represents a form of cutting in -O- inside which after photogravure, we will carry out a plasma attack of silicon nitride (12).
- the plasma consists of freon (CF.) mixed with 8% oxygen (C ⁇ >).
- This plasma attack is followed by an attack of the silicon oxide which has formed in the zone (13) so as to expose the silicon of the substrate (1) in the zone (13) in, visible in Figure 2a. It goes without saying that this attack and these steps are first carried out on one face, as shown in FIG. 6a, then repeated so as to obtain, as shown in FIG. 6c, an attack on both sides of the substrate (1 ).
- This shape in -O- (13) allows, when cutting several transistors on the same wafer, as shown in Figure 2a, where we see several cutting areas (13) belonging respectively to adjacent transistors, to keep to the wafer greater rigidity than when the latter is cut according to a so-called comb shape. Furthermore, this type of cutting also makes it possible, during the separation of the various transistors by cutting the element (1A), to absorb a positioning error of the cutting tool without damaging one or more transistors of the brochure. This measurement is important because, during the mechanical cutting of the components on the wafer, the manufacturing yield can decrease enormously because of the difficulty of positioning the diamond without damaging the needles (1B). In order to overcome this drawback, the anisotropic attack masks have at the bottom of each needle (1B) "shoulders" forming the end of the ".Ti.” which allow the cutting tool to be positioned without damaging the needle, hence even better reliability.
- This eleventh step is followed by a twelfth anisotropic attack step shown in FIG. 7.
- This attack is carried out in a manner well known to the skilled person and also makes it possible to obtain, in a well known manner, lateral faces of the substrate.
- This anisotropic cut is carried out with ethylene diamine, the attack speed of which has been increased by proceeding at a temperature of 110 ⁇ C with the following proportions, 125 cc of ethylene diamine, 40 cc of water and 20 grams of pyrocathechol.
- the layer (12) of silicon nitride visible ' in FIG. 7 is attacked by plasma, to arrive after this step at a wafer covered with a layer of silicon oxide (11) shown in FIG.
- the gate opening (14) is practiced by means of a photoetching, using the mask shown in FIG. 8b, mask in which the zone (114) represents the zone in which the oxide of silicon layer (11) will be attacked, so as to constitute on the substrate (1), at the desired location, the gate opening (14), as shown in Figure 8a.
- a thickness of silica of 0.14 micron is represented, represented by the layer (15) on the figure 9.
- a sixteenth step of passivation of all the components and the cutting edges consists of depositing by
- the seventeenth step of the process consists of the photoengraving of the contact openings (31, 41, 50) using the mask shown in FIG. 11b.
- the references (131, 141, 150) represent the places where the nitride and silica layers of the wafer are attacked to make room for the openings (31, 41, 50), as shown in Figures 11a and 2a. These openings will be carried out by means of a plasma attack.
- An eighteenth step consisting of a metallization of the openings and of the plate is obtained by evaporating aluminum, so as to deposit a layer
- a nineteenth step consists of a photoengraving of the aluminum using the mask shown in FIG. 13b, in which the zones (130 to 132 and 140 to 142) represent the zones where the aluminum remains, that is to say - say at the location of the openings (31, 41, 50), as shown in FIG. 13a, and at the locations of metallization (30, 40, 32, 42), as shown in FIG. 1.
- a following cut the line DD 1 makes it possible to separate each of the transistors from the wafer and to obtain the individual elements as shown in FIG. 1.
- the process thus described makes it possible, by the simplifications and improvements made, on the one hand to the manufacturing process and on the other hand to the device, to obtain field effect transistors in a simpler, more economical and more reliable manner.
- selective for ions such as those described by the prior art cited above.
- the manufacturing process of the invention makes it possible to obtain a high manufacturing yield and a low dispersion of the characteristics of the components.
- One of the measures which contributes to this is that which consists in first carrying out the diffusion of the P-type channel, then the drain and source diffusions.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8518037 | 1985-12-05 | ||
FR8518037A FR2591389B1 (fr) | 1985-12-05 | 1985-12-05 | Transistor a effet de champ selectif aux ions et procede de fabrication |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0250476A1 true EP0250476A1 (fr) | 1988-01-07 |
Family
ID=9325490
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19860906869 Withdrawn EP0250476A1 (fr) | 1985-12-05 | 1986-12-04 | Transistor a effet de champ selectif aux ions et procede de fabrication |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0250476A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS63501738A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2591389B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1987003687A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2698211B1 (fr) * | 1992-11-13 | 1995-02-03 | Lyon Ecole Centrale | Procédé de fabrication avec encapsulation, d'un capteur de type ISFET et capteur en faisant application. |
FR2702566B1 (fr) * | 1993-03-08 | 1995-06-09 | Ifremer | Capteur electrochimique integre de mesure de ph et son procede de fabrication. |
FR2706616B1 (fr) * | 1993-06-14 | 1995-09-01 | Lyon Ecole Centrale | Capteur de type ISFET dont le substrat est isolé électriquement. |
US5944970A (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1999-08-31 | Honeywell Inc. | Solid state electrochemical sensors |
JP4065855B2 (ja) | 2004-01-21 | 2008-03-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 生体および化学試料検査装置 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4322680A (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1982-03-30 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Chemically sensitive JFET transducer devices utilizing a blocking interface |
JPS58225344A (ja) * | 1982-06-25 | 1983-12-27 | Toa Medical Electronics Co Ltd | 濃度自動分析装置 |
NL8400612A (nl) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-16 | Cordis Europ | Chemisch gevoelige fet-component. |
-
1985
- 1985-12-05 FR FR8518037A patent/FR2591389B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-12-04 WO PCT/FR1986/000420 patent/WO1987003687A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-12-04 EP EP19860906869 patent/EP0250476A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-12-04 JP JP50637286A patent/JPS63501738A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8703687A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2591389B1 (fr) | 1988-08-12 |
JPS63501738A (ja) | 1988-07-14 |
FR2591389A1 (fr) | 1987-06-12 |
WO1987003687A1 (fr) | 1987-06-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19870730 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LI LU NL SE |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19890721 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
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18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19891117 |
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R18W | Application withdrawn (corrected) |
Effective date: 19891117 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: MARTINEZ, AUGUSTIN Inventor name: LACOMBE, PIERRE Inventor name: MICHAUX, BERNARD Inventor name: COUPUT, JEAN-PAUL Inventor name: CHAUVET, FRANCOIS |