EP0236324B1 - Open-end spinning process and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Open-end spinning process and device for its implementation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0236324B1
EP0236324B1 EP85905772A EP85905772A EP0236324B1 EP 0236324 B1 EP0236324 B1 EP 0236324B1 EP 85905772 A EP85905772 A EP 85905772A EP 85905772 A EP85905772 A EP 85905772A EP 0236324 B1 EP0236324 B1 EP 0236324B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collecting surface
thread
sector
groove
opening
Prior art date
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Expired
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EP85905772A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0236324A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Handschuch
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Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau AG
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Schubert und Salzer Maschinenfabrik AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
    • D01H4/04—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by contact of fibres with a running surface
    • D01H4/16—Friction spinning, i.e. the running surface being provided by a pair of closely spaced friction drums, e.g. at least one suction drum
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
    • D01H4/02—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by a fluid, e.g. air vortex
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
    • D01H4/30—Arrangements for separating slivers into fibres; Orienting or straightening fibres, e.g. using guide-rolls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an open-end spinning process in which a fiber structure is broken down into individual fibers and the dissolved fiber material is fed in an air stream to a collecting surface from which it is drawn off with swirl, and a device for carrying out the process.
  • open-end rotor spinning and open-end friction spinning have gained significant importance.
  • the latter has the particular advantage over rotor spinning that it does not require the rotational speeds of the spinning elements as high as that of rotor spinning and nevertheless higher production speeds can be achieved: finer yarns can be spun efficiently.
  • the quality of the yarns spun by the friction spinning process is unsatisfactory, however, since the individual fibers are not fed into the spider gusset in the parallel position required for their proper incorporation in the rotating free yarn end.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an open-end spinning process which makes it possible to produce a good quality yarn at a high production speed, and an apparatus for carrying out the process.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in a method according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the fiber material is deposited as individual fibers on a collecting surface moving in the thread take-off direction and is continuously removed as a thread from the twist.
  • the already finished thread is not fed by fibers, but these are each fed to the end of the thread.
  • Orienting the fibers on the collecting surface is achieved by feeding the individual fibers in the direction of the movement of the collecting surface.
  • the duplication is separated from the spinning process by bundling and / or doubling the fiber material on the collecting surface to form a ribbon
  • the twist is expediently carried out by a twist device which is known per se, independently of the collecting surface, and it can be provided that the fiber ribbon formed on the collecting surface is deposited in the spider gusset formed by two closely adjacent cylinders which can be driven in the same direction is twisted and continuously withdrawn.
  • the device for carrying out the method is characterized by a collecting surface in the form of a groove which moves in the thread pull-off direction and which is designed such that the fiber material required for thread formation is completely absorbed therein and preformed into a thread, and by a preformed thread in the Grooving device giving the twist and a pulling device pulling the twisted thread from the groove.
  • the collecting surface is arranged on the circumference of a disk-like cylinder.
  • the surface speed of the collecting surface is approximately equal to the thread take-off speed, so that the full fiber mass required for the finished thread is already collected on the collecting surface and conveyed as a closed fiber formation in the direction of the swirl element and twisted together to form the thread.
  • duplication is therefore not in the rotation zone, but in a rotation-free zone. This separation of twist and duplication produces a good quality yarn.
  • a warp with a further parallelization of the fibers associated therewith and a doubling of the fibers on the collecting surface increased by this warpage is brought about by the fact that the surface speed of the collecting surface is lower than the thread take-off speed.
  • the collecting surface is designed like a groove.
  • the width of the groove corresponds approximately to the thickness of the fiber material fed in, so that approximately a fiber formation corresponding to the yarn diameter is formed.
  • the cross section of the groove is expediently V-shaped. Because the base of the groove is rounded, the rotation propagation in the fiber formation is favored.
  • a safe transport of the fibers through the collecting surface is ensured in that the fibers are held pneumatically on the collecting surface.
  • the collection area is preferably divided into sectors.
  • the collecting surface has a first sector with an inward air flow that extends in the direction of movement of the collecting surface from the feed point to a second sector. Expediently, an outward air flow flows through the collecting area in the region of the second sector.
  • the second sector of the quilt is connected to the atmosphere.
  • a defined air flow in the area To get the quilt the quilt is enclosed in a housing.
  • a dissolving device is connected upstream of the collecting surface.
  • the opening device is connected to the collecting surface via a fiber channel which opens onto the collecting surface essentially tangentially in the direction of the movement thereof and the opening of which is adapted to the width of the collecting surface.
  • a fiber feeding channel is dispensed with.
  • the housing of the opening roller and the housing of the cylinder are arranged directly next to one another and are connected to one another by a connecting opening.
  • a cleaning device is expediently assigned to the collecting surface.
  • a pair of friction rollers which are driven in the same direction and form a spinning gusset, can serve as the swirl element, the axis of rotation of the cylinder having the collecting surface lying in a plane perpendicular to the spinning gusset.
  • the moving collecting surface is followed by a pneumatic drawer in the thread take-off direction.
  • Fig. 1 shows one of two friction rollers 1 and 2, which, as shown in Fig. 2, are arranged parallel and closely next to each other.
  • the friction rollers 1 and 2 form a gusset 3, in which fed fibers are spun into a yarn.
  • the friction rollers 1 and 2 are driven in the same direction in a manner not shown, for example by means of a tangential belt.
  • the friction roller 2 rotating out of the spinning gusset 3 is not perforated and is not vacuumed.
  • the roller 1 screwing into the spider gusset 3 has a perforated outer surface and is provided with a suction insert 10 connected to a suction device (not shown) (FIG. 2).
  • the suction insert 10 has in the gusset area a slot 11 extending in the longitudinal direction of the spinning gusset 3; through which a suction air flow is generated.
  • the design of the friction rollers has no influence on the invention. Both friction rollers can also be vacuumed.
  • a disk-like cylinder 7 enclosed by the housing 4 is rotatably mounted, on the circumference of which a collecting surface 70 is provided.
  • the collecting surface 70 is connected to the opening device 5 via a fiber channel 51 which opens approximately tangentially in the direction of the rotational movement of the collecting surface 70 and the width of which is adapted to the collecting surface 70.
  • the cylinder 7 is mounted on a hollow shaft 8 fastened in the machine frame, which extends in a plane perpendicular to the spinning gusset 3, by means of roller bearings 81 and is expediently driven by a toothed belt 71 in the direction of the arrow P.
  • the cylinder 7 should extend as far as possible into the gusset area.
  • the disk-like cylinder 7 is connected to a suction device (not shown) via the hollow axis 8.
  • the suction air flow only acts on the collecting surface in a sector I, which extends in the direction of movement of the collecting surface 70 from the feed point 30 of the fibers onto the collecting surface 70 to a second sector II.
  • the second sector II is kept free of the suction air flow by partition walls 74.
  • the fiber material is fed via the feed trough 60 as a sliver B by means of the feed roller 6 to the opening roller 5, by means of which the fibers are separated.
  • the negative pressure in sector I of cylinder 7 creates a transport air flow which transports the individual fibers through fiber channel 51 to collecting surface 70, on which the fibers are deposited.
  • the individual fibers coming from the disintegration device 5 each abut the last fibers fed in and are integrated into the thread end.
  • the surface speed of the collecting surface 70 is approximately equal to the thread take-off speed. This results in a collection of the yarn required for the finished pulp in the 'Sammeifiumblee 70 and thus a duplication.
  • the friction rollers 1 and 2 serve only as a twist element, so that there is no overfeeding of the already finished thread.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially in that a pneumatic swirl element is used to impart rotation and the housing of the opening roller 5 and the wall defined by the walls 40 and 40 ' Cylinders 7 'are arranged directly next to each other, so that the fiber channel 51 is omitted.
  • the two housings are connected to one another via a common connecting opening 43, through which the fibers are transferred from the opening roller 5, which is driven by a belt 52, to the fiber collecting surface 70.
  • the cylinder 7 ' is here adapted to the width of the opening roller 5 and provided with V-shaped tapered edges which bring the fibers together from the width of the opening roller 5 to the width of the collecting surface 70.
  • the cylinder 7 ' is suctioned essentially for the retention of the fibers on the collecting surface 70.
  • the opening roller 5 is assigned a guide plate 53 which is fastened to the housing 4 and extends from the point at which the fibers detach from the opening roller 5 to close to the collecting surface 70.
  • the baffle 53 also has a sealing function. In conjunction with the fixed screen 75 in the sector 111 and optionally with an additional sealing means 42 attached to the guide plate 53, it ensures that the fibers are not caught by an air flow directed against the direction of movement of the collecting surface 70, but only the air flow in the direction of rotation of the collecting surface 70 follow and are placed on the quilt 70 oriented. 1 in the direction of rotation of the cylinder 7 at the beginning of the sector 111 is arranged. Expediently maintained here and, like the seal 42 fastened to the guide plate 53, serves simultaneously as a cleaning device.
  • a shield 54 is also arranged between the connection opening 43 and the sector II, which extends to near the collecting surface 70 (FIG. 3).
  • the shield 54 prevents fibers from being caught by the suction air flowing to the friction roller 1 before they are deposited on the collecting surface 70. It also prevents the fibers from leaving the collecting surface (70) prematurely and in an uncontrolled manner under the influence of the air flow emanating from the friction rollers 1 and 2.
  • a fiber guide plate 55 can additionally be provided following the connection opening 43.
  • the pneumatic swirl element used to impart rotation contains an injector nozzle 90 and a swirl nozzle 91 arranged after it.
  • a bypass 95 in the housing 4 is assigned to the mouth of the injector nozzle 90, which is in the immediate vicinity of the collecting surface 70.
  • the twisted thread is drawn off from the collecting surface 70 by a pair of draw-off rollers 9.
  • other pneumatic or mechanical twist elements can also be used to impart twist. otherwise the function of this device is the same as that of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

An open-end spinning process in which a fibre sliver (B) is separated into individual fibres and the separated material is conveyed in an air current to a collection surface (70), from which it is withdrawn with a twisting movement. According to the invention, the fibre material is deposited onto a collection surface (70) which moves in the direction of thread withdrawal, and is continually removed from the collection surface with a twisting delivery to form a thread. The individual fibres are fed in the direction of movement of the collection surface (70), as a result of which the fibres are deposited in an oriented manner on the collection surface (70). Doubling is separate from the spinning process, owing to the fact that the fibre material is bunched on the collection surface (70) and/or doubled into a fibre bundle which possesses the necessary thread weight for the desired thread. Twisting delivery is effected independently of the collection surface (70) by a twisting component which is already known.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Offenend-Spinnverfahren, bei dem ein Faserverband in Einzelfasern aufgelöst und das aufgelöste Fasermaterial in einem Luftstrom einer Sammelfläche zugeführt wird, von welcher es unter Drallgebung abgezogen wird, sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens.The invention relates to an open-end spinning process in which a fiber structure is broken down into individual fibers and the dissolved fiber material is fed in an air stream to a collecting surface from which it is drawn off with swirl, and a device for carrying out the process.

Von den verschiedenen Offenend-Spinnverfahren haben wesentliche Bedeutung das Offenend-Rotorspinnen und das Offenend-Friktionsspinnen erlangt. Letzteres hat gegenüber dem Rotorspinnen insbesondere den Vorteil, daß keine so hohen Drehzahlen der Spinnelemente wie beim Rotorspinnen erforderlich sind und dennoch höhere Produktionsgeschwindigkeiten erreichbar sind: Feinere Garne lassen sich rationell spinnen. Die Qualität der nach dem Friktionsspinnverfahren gesponnenen Garne ist jedoch unbefriedigend, da die Einzelfasern nicht in der für ihr ordnungsgemäßes Einbinden in das rotierende freie Garnende erforderlichen Parallellage zur Garnachse in den Spinnzwickel eingespeist werden. Es wurden zwar schon Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, um die Fasern beim Einspeisen in den Zwickel in eine annähernd parallele Lage zur Garnachse zu bringen, beispielsweise mechanisch durch eine Schleuderscheibe (DE-PS 2 720 625) oder pneumatisch durch eine kaskadenartige Stufung des Luftdruckes im Faserweg (DE-OS 2 732 678) oder durch Einspeisen der Fasern in einer bezüglich der Fadenabzugsrichtung geneigten Richtung in Verbindung mit einem im wesentlichen parallel zur Fadenachse verlaufenden Luftstrom (DE-OS 2 943 063). Die Garnwerte sind jedoch trotz dieser Maßnahmen nicht befriedigend, insbesondere bei höheren Spinngeschwindigkeiten.Of the various open-end spinning processes, open-end rotor spinning and open-end friction spinning have gained significant importance. The latter has the particular advantage over rotor spinning that it does not require the rotational speeds of the spinning elements as high as that of rotor spinning and nevertheless higher production speeds can be achieved: finer yarns can be spun efficiently. The quality of the yarns spun by the friction spinning process is unsatisfactory, however, since the individual fibers are not fed into the spider gusset in the parallel position required for their proper incorporation in the rotating free yarn end. Measures have already been proposed to bring the fibers into an approximately parallel position to the Garnachse when feeding them into the gusset, for example mechanically by means of a centrifugal disc (DE-PS 2 720 625) or pneumatically by cascading the air pressure in the fiber path (DE -OS 2 732 678) or by feeding the fibers in a direction inclined with respect to the thread take-off direction in connection with an air stream running essentially parallel to the thread axis (DE-OS 2 943 063). Despite these measures, however, the yarn values are not satisfactory, especially at higher spinning speeds.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Offenend-Spinnverfahren zu schaffen, das es ermöglicht, ein qualitativ gutes Garn mit hoher Produktionsgeschwindigkeit herzustellen, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The object of the present invention is to provide an open-end spinning process which makes it possible to produce a good quality yarn at a high production speed, and an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Fasermaterial als Einzelfasern auf eine sich in Fadenabzugsrichtung bewegende Sammelfläche abgelegt und unter Drallerteilung fortlaufend als Faden von dieser abgenommen wird. Der bereits fertige Faden wird nicht von Fasern überspeist, sondern diese werden jeweils dem Fadenende zugeführt.The object is achieved according to the invention in a method according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the fiber material is deposited as individual fibers on a collecting surface moving in the thread take-off direction and is continuously removed as a thread from the twist. The already finished thread is not fed by fibers, but these are each fed to the end of the thread.

Eine orientier" Ablage der Fasern auf der Sammelfläche wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Einzelfasern in Richtung der Bewegung der Sammelfläche aufgespeist werden. Die Dublierung wird vom Spinnvorgang getrennt, indem das Fasermaterial auf der Sammelfläche gebündelt und/ oder dubliert wird zu einem Faserbändchen. das die für den gewünschten Faden notwendige Fasermasse aufweist. Die Drallerteilung erfolgt zweckmäßig durch eine an sich bekannte Drallvorrichtung unabhängig von der Sammelfläche. Dabei kann vorgesehen werden, daß das auf der Sammelfläche gebildete Faserbändchen in den von zwei eng benachbarten und gleichsinnig antreibbaren Zylindern gebildeten Spinnzwickel abgelegt, zu einem Faden gedreht und fortlaufend abgezogen wird.Orienting the fibers on the collecting surface is achieved by feeding the individual fibers in the direction of the movement of the collecting surface. The duplication is separated from the spinning process by bundling and / or doubling the fiber material on the collecting surface to form a ribbon The twist is expediently carried out by a twist device which is known per se, independently of the collecting surface, and it can be provided that the fiber ribbon formed on the collecting surface is deposited in the spider gusset formed by two closely adjacent cylinders which can be driven in the same direction is twisted and continuously withdrawn.

Die Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens ist gekennzeichnet durch eine sich in Fadenabzugsrichtung bewegende Sammelfläche in Form einer Rille, die so ausgebildet ist, daß das für die Fadenbildung erforderliche Fasermaterial darin vollständig aufgenommen und zu einem Faden vorgeformt wird, sowie durch ein dem vorgeformten Faden in der Rille Drehung erteilendes Drallorgan und eine den gredrehten Faden von der Rille abziehende Abzugsvorrichtung.The device for carrying out the method is characterized by a collecting surface in the form of a groove which moves in the thread pull-off direction and which is designed such that the fiber material required for thread formation is completely absorbed therein and preformed into a thread, and by a preformed thread in the Grooving device giving the twist and a pulling device pulling the twisted thread from the groove.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist die Sammelfläche auf dem Umfang eines scheibenartigen Zylinders angeordnet. Die Oberflächengeschwindigkeit der Sammelfläche ist etwa gleich der Fadenabzugsgeschwindigkeit, so daß auf der Sammelfläche bereits die für den fertigen Faden benötigte volle Fasermasse gesammelt und als geschlossene Faserformation in Richtung zum Drallorgan gefördert und zum Faden zusammengedreht wird.In a preferred embodiment, the collecting surface is arranged on the circumference of a disk-like cylinder. The surface speed of the collecting surface is approximately equal to the thread take-off speed, so that the full fiber mass required for the finished thread is already collected on the collecting surface and conveyed as a closed fiber formation in the direction of the swirl element and twisted together to form the thread.

Die Dublierung erfolgt somit nicht in der Drehungszone, sondern in einer drehungsfreien Zone. Durch diese Trennung von Drehung und Dublierung wird ein qualitativ gutes Garn erzeugt.The duplication is therefore not in the rotation zone, but in a rotation-free zone. This separation of twist and duplication produces a good quality yarn.

Ein Verzug mit einer damit verbundenen weiteren Parallelisierung der Fasern sowie eine um diesen Verzug erhöhte Dublierung der Fasern auf der Sammelfläche wird dadurch bewirkt, daß die Oberflächengeschwindigkeit der Sammelfläche geringer als die Fadenabzugsgeschwindigkeit ist.A warp with a further parallelization of the fibers associated therewith and a doubling of the fibers on the collecting surface increased by this warpage is brought about by the fact that the surface speed of the collecting surface is lower than the thread take-off speed.

Um die zugespeisten Fasern in einer genau begrenzten Breite auf der Sammelfläche abzulegen, ist die Sammelfläche rillenartig ausgebildet. Die Breite der Rille entspricht etwa der Stärke des aufgespeisten Fasermaterials, so daß annähernd eine dem Garndurchmesser entsprechende Faserformation gebildet wird. Zweckmäßig ist der Querschnitt der Rille V-förmig. Dadurch, daß der Grund der Rille gerundet ist, wird die Drehungsfortpflanzung in der Faserformation begünstigt. Ein sicherer Transport der Fasern durch die Sammelfläche ist dadurch gewährleistet, daß die Fasern pneumatische auf der Sammelfläche festgehalten werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Sammelfläche in Sektoren unterteilt. Dabei weist die Sammelfläche einen ersten Sektor mit einem nach innen gerichteten Luftstrom auf, der sich in Bewegungsrichtung der Sammelfläche von der Zuspeisestelle bis zu einem zweiten Sektor erstreckt. Zweckmäßig ist die Sammelfläche im Bereich des zweiten Sektors von einem nach außen gerichteten Lufstrom durchströmt. Zu diesem Zweck ist der zweite Sektor der Sammelfläche an die Atmosphäre angeschlossen.In order to deposit the fed fibers in a precisely limited width on the collecting surface, the collecting surface is designed like a groove. The width of the groove corresponds approximately to the thickness of the fiber material fed in, so that approximately a fiber formation corresponding to the yarn diameter is formed. The cross section of the groove is expediently V-shaped. Because the base of the groove is rounded, the rotation propagation in the fiber formation is favored. A safe transport of the fibers through the collecting surface is ensured in that the fibers are held pneumatically on the collecting surface. The collection area is preferably divided into sectors. The collecting surface has a first sector with an inward air flow that extends in the direction of movement of the collecting surface from the feed point to a second sector. Expediently, an outward air flow flows through the collecting area in the region of the second sector. For this purpose, the second sector of the quilt is connected to the atmosphere.

Um eine definierte Luftströmung im Bereich der Sammelfläche zu erhalten, ist die Sammelfläche von einem Gehäuse umschlossen.A defined air flow in the area To get the quilt, the quilt is enclosed in a housing.

Für die Vereinzelung und Zuspeisung des Fasermaterials auf die Sammelfläche ist der Sammelfläche eine Auflösevorrichtung vorgeschaltet. Die Auflösevorrichtung ist mit der Sammelfläche über einen Faserkanal verbunden, der im wesentlichen tangential in Richtung der Bewegung der Sammelfläche auf diese mündet und dessen Münden der Breite der Sammelfläche angepaßt ist.For the separation and feeding of the fiber material onto the collecting surface, a dissolving device is connected upstream of the collecting surface. The opening device is connected to the collecting surface via a fiber channel which opens onto the collecting surface essentially tangentially in the direction of the movement thereof and the opening of which is adapted to the width of the collecting surface.

Eine noch präzisere Aufspeisung der Fasern auf die Sammelfläche in deren Bewegungsrichtung wird erreicht, wenn auf einen Faserspeisekanal verzichtet wird. Dies wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß das Gehäuse der Auflösewalze und das Gehäuse des Zylinders unmittelbar nebeneinander angeordnet sind und durch.eine Verbindungsöffnung miteinander verbunden sind. Zweckmäßig ist der Sammelfläche eine Putzvorrichtung zugeordnet. Als Drallorgan kann ein gleichsinnig angetriebenes und einen Spinnzwickel bildendes Friktionswalzenpaar dienen, wobei die Drehachse des die Sammelfläche aufweisenden Zylinders in einer Ebene senkrecht zum Spinnzwickel liegt. In einer anderen Ausbildung ist der bewegten Sammelfläche ein pneumatische Drafiorgan in Fadenabzugsrichtung nachgeordnet.An even more precise feeding of the fibers onto the collecting surface in the direction of their movement is achieved if a fiber feeding channel is dispensed with. This is made possible in that the housing of the opening roller and the housing of the cylinder are arranged directly next to one another and are connected to one another by a connecting opening. A cleaning device is expediently assigned to the collecting surface. A pair of friction rollers, which are driven in the same direction and form a spinning gusset, can serve as the swirl element, the axis of rotation of the cylinder having the collecting surface lying in a plane perpendicular to the spinning gusset. In another embodiment, the moving collecting surface is followed by a pneumatic drawer in the thread take-off direction.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben.Two embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Spinnvorrichtung mit einem Friktionswalzenpaar als Drallorgan, im Schnitt ;
  • Fig. 2 die Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht zu Fig. 1 im Schnitt ;
  • Fig. 3 eine andere Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem pneumatischen Drallorgan im Schnitt.
It shows
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the spinning device according to the invention with a pair of friction rollers as a swirl element, in section.
  • Figure 2 shows the device in side view of Figure 1 in section.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention with a pneumatic swirl element in section.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine von zwei Friktionswalzen 1 und 2, die, wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, parallel und eng nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Die Friktionswalzen 1 und 2 bilden einen Zwickel 3, in welchem zugespeiste Fasern zu einem Garn gesponnen werden. Die Friktionswalzen 1 und 2 werden in nicht näher dargestellter Weise gleichsinnig angetrieben, beispielsweise mittels eines Tangentialriemens. Die aus dem Spinnzwickel 3 herausdrehende Friktionswalze 2 ist nicht perforiert und nicht besaugt. Die in den Spinnzwickel 3 hineindrehende Walze 1 hat eine perforierte Mantelfläche und ist mit einem an eine Saugvorrichtung (nicht gezeigt) angeschlossenen Saugeinsatz 10 versehen (Fig. 2). Der Saugeinsatz 10 weist im Zwickelbereich einen sich in Längsrichtung des Spinnzwickels 3 erstreckenden Schlitz 11 auf; durch den hindurch eine Saugluftströmung erzeugt wird. Die Ausbildung der Friktionswalzen ist ohne Einfluß auf die Erfindung. Es können auch beide Friktionswalzen besaugt sein.Fig. 1 shows one of two friction rollers 1 and 2, which, as shown in Fig. 2, are arranged parallel and closely next to each other. The friction rollers 1 and 2 form a gusset 3, in which fed fibers are spun into a yarn. The friction rollers 1 and 2 are driven in the same direction in a manner not shown, for example by means of a tangential belt. The friction roller 2 rotating out of the spinning gusset 3 is not perforated and is not vacuumed. The roller 1 screwing into the spider gusset 3 has a perforated outer surface and is provided with a suction insert 10 connected to a suction device (not shown) (FIG. 2). The suction insert 10 has in the gusset area a slot 11 extending in the longitudinal direction of the spinning gusset 3; through which a suction air flow is generated. The design of the friction rollers has no influence on the invention. Both friction rollers can also be vacuumed.

Die Auflösung des zu verspinnenden Fasermaterials in Einzelfasern erfolgt durch eine in einem Gehäuse 4 angeordneten Auflösevorrichtung in Form einer mit einer Garnitur besetzten Auflösewalze 5, der als Speisevorrichtung eine Speisewalze 6 vorgeordnet ist, die mit einer Speisemulde 60 zusammenarbeitet.The fiber material to be spun is dissolved in individual fibers by means of a dissolving device arranged in a housing 4 in the form of a dissolving roller 5 fitted with a set, which is preceded by a feeding roller 6, which cooperates with a feeding trough 60, as a feeding device.

Zwischen der Auflösewalze 5 und den Friktionswalzen 1 und 2 ist ein von dem Gehäuse 4 umschlossener scheibenartiger Zylinder 7 drehbar gelagert, auf dessen Umfang eine Sammelfläche 70 vorgesehen ist. Die Sammelfläche 70 ist mit der Auflösevorrichtung 5 über einen Faserkanal 51 verbunden, der etwa tangential in Richtung der Drehbewegung der Sammelfläche 70 auf diese mündet und dessen Breite der Sammelfläche 70 angepaßt ist.Between the opening roller 5 and the friction rollers 1 and 2, a disk-like cylinder 7 enclosed by the housing 4 is rotatably mounted, on the circumference of which a collecting surface 70 is provided. The collecting surface 70 is connected to the opening device 5 via a fiber channel 51 which opens approximately tangentially in the direction of the rotational movement of the collecting surface 70 and the width of which is adapted to the collecting surface 70.

Der Zylinder 7 ist auf einer im Maschinengestell befestigten Hohlachse 8, die sich in einer Ebene senkrecht zum Spinnzwickel 3 erstreckt, mittels Wälzlagern 81 gelagert und wird zweckmäßig von einem Zahnriemen 71 in Richtung des Pfeiles P angetrieben. Der Zylinder 7 soll soweit wie möglich in den Zwickelbereich hineinreichen.The cylinder 7 is mounted on a hollow shaft 8 fastened in the machine frame, which extends in a plane perpendicular to the spinning gusset 3, by means of roller bearings 81 and is expediently driven by a toothed belt 71 in the direction of the arrow P. The cylinder 7 should extend as far as possible into the gusset area.

Die Sammelfläche 70 ist vorzugsweise rillenartig ausgebildet und der Grund der Rille gerundet, so daß das für die Garnbildung erforderliche Fasermaterial vollständig aufgenommen und in Breite und Dicke vorgeformt wird. Das Fasermaterial wird während seines Transportes in Richtung zum Spinnzwickel 3 durch eine Saugluftstrom auf dem Grund der Rille 72, der die Sammelfläche 70 bildet und perforiert ist, festgehalten.The collecting surface 70 is preferably formed like a groove and the base of the groove is rounded, so that the fiber material required for the yarn formation is completely absorbed and preformed in width and thickness. The fiber material is held in place during its transport in the direction of the spinning gusset 3 by a suction air flow on the bottom of the groove 72, which forms the collecting surface 70 and is perforated.

Hierzu ist der scheibenartige Zylinder 7 über die Hohlachse 8 mit einer Saugvorrichtung (nicht gezeigt) verbunden. Der Saugluftstrom wirkt jedoch nur in einem Sektor I auf die Sammelfläche, der sich in Bewegungsrichtung der Sammelfläche 70 von der Zuspeisestelle 30 der Fasern auf die Sammelfläche 70 bis zu einem zweiten Sektor II erstreckt. Der zweite Sektor II wird durch Trennwände 74 von dem Saugluftstrom freigehalten.For this purpose, the disk-like cylinder 7 is connected to a suction device (not shown) via the hollow axis 8. However, the suction air flow only acts on the collecting surface in a sector I, which extends in the direction of movement of the collecting surface 70 from the feed point 30 of the fibers onto the collecting surface 70 to a second sector II. The second sector II is kept free of the suction air flow by partition walls 74.

Es kann jedoch zweckmäßig sein, in den Sektor II einen Luftstrom einzuleiten, der die Sammelfläche 70 nach außen, in Richtung zum Spinnzwickel 3 durchströmt. Nachdem die Friktionswalze 1 besaugt wird und das Gehäuse 4 bis über die Friktionswalzen 1 und 2 sich abdichtend erstreckt, entsteht diese Strömung durch Ansaugen von Luft aus dem Sektor II. Die hierfür benötigte Luft wird durch eine in die Hochlachse 8 eingesetzte Rohrleitung 82, die den Sektor II mit der Atmosphäre verbindet, herangeholt.However, it can be expedient to introduce an air flow into sector II, which flows through the collecting surface 70 outwards, in the direction of the spinning gusset 3. After the friction roller 1 is vacuumed and the housing 4 extends sealingly to the friction rollers 1 and 2, this flow is created by sucking in air from sector II. The air required for this is supplied by a pipe 82 inserted into the vertical axis 8, which conducts the Sector II connects with the atmosphere, brought up.

Um im Bereich der Aufspeisung der Fasern auf die Sammelfläche 70 indifferente Luftströmungen zu vermeiden und die durch den Faserkanal 51 geförderten Fasern ausschließlich einem ihre orientierte Ablage auf der Sammelfläche 70 in deren Bewegungsrichtung sicherstellenden Luftstrom auszusetzen, ist ein an den Sektor II anschließender und bis zur Mündung des Faserkanals 51 reichender Sektor 111 durch eine ortsfeste Blende 75 strömungsfrei gehalten. Darüber hinaus sind am Anfang und Ende dieses Sektors 111 am Gehäuse 4 Dichtungen 41 und 42 angeordnet, die in die Rille 72 reichen und die Sammelfläche 70 tangieren. Die Dichtungen 41 und 42 dienen gleichzeitig als Abstreifer und üben eine Reinigungswirkung auf die Sammelfläche 70 aus.In order to avoid indifferent air currents in the area where the fibers are fed onto the collecting surface 70 and to expose the fibers conveyed through the fiber channel 51 only to an air flow which ensures their oriented placement on the collecting surface 70 in the direction of their movement, an adjoining the sector II and up to the mouth sector 111 of fiber channel 51 is kept free of flow by a fixed aperture 75. In addition, 4 seals 41 and 42 are arranged on the housing at the beginning and end of this sector 111, which extend into the groove 72 and affect the collecting surface 70. The seals 41 and 42 also serve as wipers and exert a cleaning effect on the collecting surface 70.

Die Auflösevorrichtung besteht in bekannter Weise aus einer mit Sägezahndraht bestückten, schnell rotierenden Garniturwalze, die von einem Gehäuse eng umschlossen ist und in dessen Wandung eine Schmutzabscheidöffnung vorgesehen ist.The resolver is known Way of a fast rotating clothing roller equipped with sawtooth wire, which is closely enclosed by a housing and in the wall of which a dirt separation opening is provided.

Für den Spinnvorgang wird das Fasermaterial über die Speisemulde 60 als Faserband B mittels der Speisewalze 6 der Auflösewalze 5 zugeführt, mittels welcher die Fasern vereinzelt werden. Durch den Unterdruck im Sektor I des Zylinders 7 entsteht eine Transportluftströmung, die die vereinzelten Fasern durch den Faserkanal 51 zur Sammelfläche 70 transportiert, auf der die Fasern abgelegt werden.For the spinning process, the fiber material is fed via the feed trough 60 as a sliver B by means of the feed roller 6 to the opening roller 5, by means of which the fibers are separated. The negative pressure in sector I of cylinder 7 creates a transport air flow which transports the individual fibers through fiber channel 51 to collecting surface 70, on which the fibers are deposited.

Die von der Auflösevorrichtung 5 kommenden Einzelfasern legen sich jeweils an die zuletzt aufgespeisten Fasern an und werden in das Fadenende eingebunden. Die Oberflächengeschwindigkeit der Sammelfläche 70 ist etwa gleich der Fadenabzugsgeschwindigkeit. Dadurch erfolgt eine Sammlung der für den fertigen Faden benötigten Fasermasse auf der 'Sammeifiäche 70 und damit eine Dublierung. Die Friktionswalzen 1 und 2 dienen nur noch als Drallorgan, so daß keine Überspeisung des bereits fertigen Fadens erfolgt.The individual fibers coming from the disintegration device 5 each abut the last fibers fed in and are integrated into the thread end. The surface speed of the collecting surface 70 is approximately equal to the thread take-off speed. This results in a collection of the yarn required for the finished pulp in the 'Sammeifiäche 70 and thus a duplication. The friction rollers 1 and 2 serve only as a twist element, so that there is no overfeeding of the already finished thread.

Ist die Oberflächengeschwindigkeit der Fasersammelfläche 70 etwas geringer als die Fadenabzugsgeschwindigkeit, so wird die Dublierung auf der Sammelfläche 70 noch erhöht. Gleichzeitig wird ein Zug auf den sich bildenden Faden auf der Sammelfläche ausgeübt, so daß ein Streckeffekt eintritt. Durch die Bewegung der Sammelfläche 70 in Fadenabzugsrichtung werden die für den Fadenabzug benötigten Kräfte verringert, so daß der Faden nicht überlastet wird und keine Fehlverzüge auftreten.If the surface speed of the fiber collecting surface 70 is somewhat lower than the thread take-off speed, the duplication on the collecting surface 70 is increased. At the same time, a pull is exerted on the thread forming on the collecting surface, so that a stretching effect occurs. The movement of the collecting surface 70 in the thread take-off direction reduces the forces required for the thread take-off, so that the thread is not overloaded and there are no false distortions.

Das in Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung im wesentlichen dadurch, daß zur Drehungserteilung ein pneumatisches Drallorgan verwendet wird und die durch die Wandungen 40 und 40', definierten Gehäuse der Auflösewalze 5 und des Zylinders 7' unmittelbar nebeneinander angeordnet sind, so daß der Faserkanal 51 entfällt. Die beiden Gehäuse sind über eine gemeinsame Verbindungsöffnung 43 miteinander verbunden, durch welche die Fasern von der mittels eines Riemens 52 angetriebenen Auflösewalze 5 an die Fasersammelfläche 70 übergeben werden. Der Zylinder 7' ist hier der Breite der Auflösewalze 5 angepaßt und mit V-förmig zulaufenden Borden versehen, die die Fasern von der Breite der Auflösewalze 5 auf die Breite der Sammelfläche 70 zusammenführen. Durch den direkten Übergang der Fasern von der Auflösewalze 5 auf die Sammelfläche 70 werden störende Einflüsse, durch den Faserkanal vermieden. Durch die kurzen Wege wird auch weniger Transportluft benötigt. Der Zylinder 7' wird im wesentlichen für das Festhalten der Fasern auf der Sammelfläche 70 besaugt.The embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially in that a pneumatic swirl element is used to impart rotation and the housing of the opening roller 5 and the wall defined by the walls 40 and 40 ' Cylinders 7 'are arranged directly next to each other, so that the fiber channel 51 is omitted. The two housings are connected to one another via a common connecting opening 43, through which the fibers are transferred from the opening roller 5, which is driven by a belt 52, to the fiber collecting surface 70. The cylinder 7 'is here adapted to the width of the opening roller 5 and provided with V-shaped tapered edges which bring the fibers together from the width of the opening roller 5 to the width of the collecting surface 70. Due to the direct transition of the fibers from the opening roller 5 to the collecting surface 70, disruptive influences through the fiber channel are avoided. Due to the short distances, less transport air is required. The cylinder 7 'is suctioned essentially for the retention of the fibers on the collecting surface 70.

Der Auflösewalze 5 ist ein Leitblech 53 zugeordnet, das am Gehäuse 4 befestigt ist und sich von der Stelle, an der sich die Fasern von der Auflösewalze 5 lösen, bis nahe an die Sammelfläche 70 erstreckt. Das Leitblech 53 hat gleichzeitig eine Dichtungsfunktion. Es gewährleistet in Verbindung mit der ortsfesten Blende 75 im Sektor 111 und gegebenenfalls mit einem zusätzlichen, am Leitblech 53 befestigten Dichtungsmittel 42, daß die Fasern nicht von einem entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung der Sammelfläche 70 gerichteten Luftstrom erfaßt werden, sondern ausschließlich dem Luftstrom in Drehrichtung der Sammelfläche 70 folgen und auf der Sammelfläche 70 orientierte abgelegt werden. Die in Fig. 1 in Drehrichtung des Zylinders 7 am Anfang des Sektors 111 angeordnete Dichtung 41 wird. Zweckmäßig auch hier beibehalten und dient, ebenso wie die am Leitblech 53 befestigte Dichtung 42, gleichzeitig als Putzvorrichtung. Zwischen der Verbindungsöffnung 43 und dem Sektor II ist ferner eine Abschirmung 54 angeordnet, die bis in Nähe der Sammelfläche 70 reicht (Fig. 3). Die Abschirmung 54 verhindert, daß Fasern vor ihrer Ablage auf der Sammelfläche 70 von der zur Friktionswalze 1 strömenden Saugluft erfaßt werden. Es wird außerdem verhindert, daß die Fasern vorzeitig und unkontrolliert die Sammelfläche (70) unter dem Einfluß der von den Friktionswalzen 1 und 2 ausgehenden Luftströmung verlassen. Zur besseren Faserführung von der Auflösevorrichtung 5 zur Sammelfläche 70 kann ein Faserleitblech 55 zusätzlich im Anschluß an die Verbindungsöffnung 43 vorgesehen werden.The opening roller 5 is assigned a guide plate 53 which is fastened to the housing 4 and extends from the point at which the fibers detach from the opening roller 5 to close to the collecting surface 70. The baffle 53 also has a sealing function. In conjunction with the fixed screen 75 in the sector 111 and optionally with an additional sealing means 42 attached to the guide plate 53, it ensures that the fibers are not caught by an air flow directed against the direction of movement of the collecting surface 70, but only the air flow in the direction of rotation of the collecting surface 70 follow and are placed on the quilt 70 oriented. 1 in the direction of rotation of the cylinder 7 at the beginning of the sector 111 is arranged. Expediently maintained here and, like the seal 42 fastened to the guide plate 53, serves simultaneously as a cleaning device. A shield 54 is also arranged between the connection opening 43 and the sector II, which extends to near the collecting surface 70 (FIG. 3). The shield 54 prevents fibers from being caught by the suction air flowing to the friction roller 1 before they are deposited on the collecting surface 70. It also prevents the fibers from leaving the collecting surface (70) prematurely and in an uncontrolled manner under the influence of the air flow emanating from the friction rollers 1 and 2. For better fiber guidance from the opening device 5 to the collecting surface 70, a fiber guide plate 55 can additionally be provided following the connection opening 43.

Das zur Drehungserteilung verwendete pneumatische Drallorgan enthält eine Injektordüse 90 und eine ihr nachgeordnete Dralldüse 91. Das Drallorgan ist in Fadenabzugsrichtung in einem um eine Achse 92 schwenkbaren Gehäuseteil ortsfest angeordnet, das Lufteinlaßöffnungen 93 und 94 für die Injektordüse 90 und die Dralldüse 91 aufweist. Ein Bypaß 95 im Gehäuse 4 ist der Mündung der Injektordüse 90 zugeordnet, die in unmittelbarer Nähe der Sammelfläche 70 liegt.The pneumatic swirl element used to impart rotation contains an injector nozzle 90 and a swirl nozzle 91 arranged after it. A bypass 95 in the housing 4 is assigned to the mouth of the injector nozzle 90, which is in the immediate vicinity of the collecting surface 70.

Der Abzug des gedrehten Fadens von der Sammelfläche 70 erfolgt wie beim Ausführungsbei- .spiel nach Fig. 1 und 2 durch eine Abzugswalzenpaar 9. Selbstverständlich können aber auch andere pneumatische oder mechanische Drallorgane zur Drehungserteilung benutzt werden. im übrigen ist die Funktion dieser Vorrichtung die gleiche wie die der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 und 2.As in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the twisted thread is drawn off from the collecting surface 70 by a pair of draw-off rollers 9. Of course, other pneumatic or mechanical twist elements can also be used to impart twist. otherwise the function of this device is the same as that of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Claims (24)

1. An open-end spinning method in which a sliver is opened into individual fibres and the opened fibre material is supplied in an airstream to a collecting surface from which it is taken off with twist formation, characterised in that the fibre material is deposited in the form of individual fibres on to a collecting surface moving in the direction of thread take-off and is continuously taken off the collecting surface in the form of a thread with twist formation.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the individual fibres are fed in the direction of motion of the collecting surface.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibre material is bunched and/or doubled on the collecting surface into a small sliver containing the quantity of fibres necessary for the required thread.
4. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that twist formation is brought about by a known twist means independently of the collecting surface.
5. A method according to claim 4, characterised in that the sliver formed on the collecting surface is deposited into the spinning nip formed by two closely adjacent cylinders drivable in the same direction, is twisted into a thread, and continuously taken off.
6. A device for performing the method according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised by a collecting surface (70) movable in the direction of thread take-off and in the form of a groove (72) so constructed as to hold all the fibre material necessary for forming the thread and pre-shape it into a thread, the device also comprising a twist means (1, 2 ; 90, 91) for imparting rotation to the pre-shaped thread in the groove (72), and a take-off device (9) for drawing the twisted thread from the groove.
7. A device according to claim 6, characterised in that the collecting surface (70) is dispoed on the periphery of a disc-like cylinder (7).
8. A device according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the surface speed of the collecting surface (70) is approximately equal to the thread take-off speed.
9. A device according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the surface speed of the collecting surface (70) is less than the thread take-off speed.
10. A device according to any of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the width of the groove (72) is approximately equal to the thickness of the supplied fibre material.
11. A device according to any of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the cross-section of the groove (72) is V-shaped.
12. A device according to any of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the base of the groove is rounded.
13. A device according to any of claims 6 to 12, characterised in that the collecting surface (70) is perforated and subjected to suction.
14. A device according to claim 13, characterised in that the collecting surface (70) has a first sector (I) with an inwardly directed airstream and extending in the direction of motion of the collecting surface (70) from the feed place (30) to a second sector (II).
15. A device according to claim 14, characterised in that an outwardly directed airstream flows through the collecting surface (70) in the region of the second sector (II).
16. A device according to claim 15, characterised in that the second sector (II) of the collecting surface t70) is connected to atmosphere.
17. A device according to any of claims 6 to 16, characterised in that the collecting surface (70) is surrounded by a casing (4).
18. A device according to any of claims 6 to 17, characterised in that the collecting surface (70) is preceded by an opening device (5).
19. A device according to claim 18, characterised in that the opening device (5) is connected to the collecting surface (70) by a fibre passage (51) which opens substantially tangentially into the collecting surface (70) in the direction of motion thereof and the mouth of which is adapted to the width of the collecting surface (70).
20. A device according to claim 18, characterised in that the casing (40) of the opening roll (5) and the casing (40') of the cylinder (7) are disposed directly adjacent one another and iritercon- nected by an opening (43).
21. A device according to claim 20, characterised in that fibre guide means (53, 55) are disposed in the region of the connecting opening (43).
22. A device according to one or more of claims 6 to 21, characterised in a screen (54) is provided in the end region of the first sector (I).
23. A device according to any of claims 6 to 22. characterised in that the collecting surface (70) is associated with a cleaning device.
24. A device according to claim 6, characterised in that the moving collecting surface (70) is followed in the thread take-off direction by a pneumatic twist means (90, 91).
EP85905772A 1984-11-13 1985-11-11 Open-end spinning process and device for its implementation Expired EP0236324B1 (en)

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DE19843441495 DE3441495A1 (en) 1984-11-13 1984-11-13 OPEN-END SPIDING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
DE3441495 1984-11-13

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EP0236324B1 true EP0236324B1 (en) 1989-03-15

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EP (1) EP0236324B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1013125B (en)
CS (1) CS816185A2 (en)
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DE4007607A1 (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-12 Schubert & Salzer Maschinen SPINNING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A YARN
DE4013689A1 (en) * 1990-04-28 1991-10-31 Fritz Stahlecker METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPINNING STACKED FIBERS TO A YARN
DE4018702A1 (en) * 1990-06-12 1992-01-02 Fritz Stahlecker DEVICE FOR SPINNING STACKED FIBERS TO A YARN
DE19601038A1 (en) * 1996-01-13 1997-07-17 Fritz Stahlecker OE-spinning process giving good twist and discharge speed control
DE19601958A1 (en) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-24 Fritz Stahlecker Fibre feed for open=end friction spinner

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DE1510741A1 (en) * 1964-01-08 1971-07-01 Julius Meimberg Method and device for spinning staple fibers
FR1490473A (en) * 1965-10-12 1967-08-04 Device for the condensation of textile fibers
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DE1902111A1 (en) * 1968-01-16 1969-09-04 Cotton Silk & Man Made Fibres Method and device for the production of threads
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CN1013125B (en) 1991-07-10
IN166334B (en) 1990-04-14
DE3441495C2 (en) 1988-09-15
US4718227A (en) 1988-01-12
DE3568806D1 (en) 1989-04-20
CN85108991A (en) 1986-08-20
EP0236324A1 (en) 1987-09-16
DE3441495A1 (en) 1986-05-22
CS816185A2 (en) 1991-05-14
WO1986002957A1 (en) 1986-05-22

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