EP0234753B1 - Composition combustible - Google Patents

Composition combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0234753B1
EP0234753B1 EP87300738A EP87300738A EP0234753B1 EP 0234753 B1 EP0234753 B1 EP 0234753B1 EP 87300738 A EP87300738 A EP 87300738A EP 87300738 A EP87300738 A EP 87300738A EP 0234753 B1 EP0234753 B1 EP 0234753B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fuel
additive
gasoline
alkyl
aryl
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EP87300738A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0234753A1 (fr
Inventor
Joseph Vardi
Abraham Abba Zimmerman
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Priority to AT87300738T priority Critical patent/ATE48012T1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/04—Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to an anti-fouling fuel composition. More specifically, the present invention is directed at a fuel composition having particular applicability in minimizing and/or preventing injector fouling in gasoline engines equipped with electronically controlled multiport fuel injectors.
  • sensors disposed in the exhaust are employed to maintain the air to fuel ratio within narrow limits.
  • Electronically controlled fuel injection systems offer the same performance and fuel economy benefits that would be achieved with mechani cally controlled fuel injection systems and also serve to more closely regulate fuel-air mixtures to thereby enable the catalytic converter to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and simultaneously to reduce nitrogen oxides and thus meet emissions control legislation.
  • Such legislation imposing as it did strict control of exhaust pollutants uti- mately led to the development and widespread application of new technologies such as electronic fuel injection.
  • the sensor then will attempt to correct this by decreasing the amount of fuel injected into each cylinder.
  • This cyclical adjustment of the fuel to air ratio ranging between too lean a mixture and too rich a mixture can at times result in poor operating performance of the vehicle.
  • close tolerances in this new type of injector and concurrently higher un- derhood temperature also tend to enhance deposit formation resulting in poor vehicle driveability and exhaust pollutant emission levels which exceed the maximum levels set by emisisons control legislation.
  • a gasoline additive for reducing and/or preventing injector port fouling must be effective at low concentration, must not significantly affect the combustion characteristics of the fuel and must not foul the catalytic converter catalyst.
  • the additive also should not promote excessive emulsification, and should not promote the formation of two organic phases.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,387,953 is directed at the use of organo-substituted nitrogen oxides, particularly amine oxides for rust inhibition and as anti-icing agents in gasoline.
  • organo-substituted nitrogen oxides particularly amine oxides for rust inhibition and as anti-icing agents in gasoline.
  • amine oxides are given including the following: where: R 1 is Cs-Cz4 alkyl, aryl, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; and R 2 and Rs are the same or different and are C 1 -C 24 alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or aryl, cycloaliphatic or heterocylic.
  • R 2 and R 3 preferably comprise hydroxy substituted alkyls.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,594,139 is directed at a rust-inhibitor concentrate that can be blended with gasoline year-round including amine oxides having the aforementioned formula, with a particularly preferred amine oxide comprising bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • the concentrate also comprises a liquid aromatic Cy-Cio hydrocarbon and an aliphatic monohydric or dihydric alcohol having from about 6 to about 13 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred aromatic hydrocarbons comprise ortho, meta and mixed xylenes.
  • Preferred aliphatic alcohols comprise C 6 -C 13 oxo alcohols.
  • the examples disclose the combination of xylene, bis(2 hydroxyethyl) cocoamine oxide, and C 8 oxo alcohols.
  • amine oxides described above have been typically used to inhibit rust and carburetor icing. While these compounds were used commercially during the late 1960's and early 1970's, their use in the United States was discontinued as more effective additives were found. The use of these compounds had been discontinued in the United States well before the development of electronically controlled, fuel injected engines.
  • the present invention is directed at a fuel composition for minimizing and/or preventing injector fouling in a multiport electronically controlled fuel injected engine.
  • the composition comprises:
  • demulsifier comprising one or more of the following demulsifying agents:
  • R 1 preferably is C 6 -C 20 alkyl, or alkylated aryl, and R 2 and R 3 independently are C 1 -C 12 hydroxy substituted alkyl.
  • Ri comprises C 8 -C 18 substituents derived from fatty acid.
  • the additive preferably is selected from the group consisting of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) tallow amine oxide, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) stearyl-amine oxide, dimethylcocoamine oxide, dimethyl hydrogenated tallow amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide and mixtures thereof.
  • a particularly preferred additive is bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • the anti- fouling agent concentration in the fuel typically may range between about 0.5 and about 50 ptb (i.e. about 2 to about 200 ppm, by weight), preferably between about 5 and about 15 ptb (i.e. about 20 to about 60 ppm).
  • the oxyalkylated compounds preferably comprise ethylene oxide and propylene oxide copolymers.
  • the active concentration of the demulsifying agent may range between about 0.025 and about 10 ptb (about 0.1 and about 40 ppm), preferably between about 0.25 and about 2.0 ptb (about 1.0 and 8.0 ppm).
  • a fuel composition may comprise:
  • a preferred composition comprises:
  • a preferred fuel composition includes an additive package comprising:
  • the present invention also is directed at a fuel additive concentrate for internal combustion engines, said additive concentrate comprising:
  • the solvent preferably comprises xylene and a C 4 + alcohol, preferably a C 4 -C I2 alcohol, more preferably a C s alcohol and most preferably a C 8 oxo alcohol.
  • a highly water and hydrocarbon soluble alcohol preferably isopropanol, also should be added.
  • the present invention is directed at a fuel composition and a gasoline additive package which has been found to be particularly effective in reducing and/or eliminating injector fouling.
  • the present invention is directed at a fuel comprising:
  • Preferred anti-fouling agents include compounds wherein: R 1 is C 6 -C 20 alkyl, or alkylated aryl; and R 2 and R 3 independently are hydroxy substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl. Particularly preferred compounds are compounds wherein R 1 comprises a C 8 -C 18 substituent.
  • the additive preferably is selected from the group consisting of bis (2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) stearylamine oxide dimethylcocoamine oxide, dimethyl hydrogenated tallow amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide and mixtures thereof. These additives are prepared in accordance with known techniques, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,387,953, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a particularly preferred anti-fouling agent is bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • Comparative Examples and Examples demonstrate the utility of the anti-fouling agent in reducing and/or eliminating fuel injector fouling.
  • the octane rating of the fuel utilized is the posted octane rating which is defined as:
  • the data in Table I below show that there was still a marked reduction in fuel flow indicating that a high level of deposit was unaffected by the detergent even at the high treat rate.
  • the percent fuel flow reduction was determined by measuring the volume of a mineral spirit that flowed through the injector under predetermined standardized conditions, including fuel pressure, pulse width and duty cycle. The percent reduction is calculated using the formula: where Vclean and V d irty are the measured volumes of mineral spirit passed through the clean and dirty fuel injectors.
  • a 1985 Chrysler LeBaron equipped with a 2.2 liter turbocharged engine having electronically controlled fuel injection was driven for 1300 miles on a mileage accumulation dynamometer using a typical regular grade, 87 octane, unleaded, detergent-free gasoline.
  • the driving was based on repetition of the following cycle: 30 minutes city driving, 30 minutes engine off, 30 minutes highway driving, 30 minutes engine off.
  • the driveability became very poor as typified by rough idle and severe hesitation.
  • the hydrocarbon emissions measured before the catalytic converter were 321 ppm at engine idle.
  • the injector fouling was measured using a pressure differential test. In this test the fuel rail is pressurized to 49 psig (337-8 kPa) and an injector is pulsed for 0.5 seconds.
  • the pressure drop, or leakdown P is indicative of how readily the fuel flows, i.e., the higher the number, the less the injector is obstructed.
  • the pressure differential for a clean injector under these conditions is 19-22 psig (131-0-151-7 kPa). This data is set forth below in Table II.
  • the vehicle was refueled with the same fuel except that the fuel also contained 10 ptb (40 ppm) of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide (HECO).
  • HECO bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide
  • the ve- hide then was driven on the following cycle: 15 minutes city driving, 30 minutes highway driving, 15 minutes city driving, 2 hours engine off. This test continued until 270 miles (434 km) were accumulated on the vehicle. At the end of this test period the driveability was very good.
  • the hydrocarbon emissions at idle before the catalytic converter were reduced to 200 ppm.
  • the percent injector flow reduction and the pressure differential were significantly improved as set forth in Table II.
  • a vehicle similar to that utilized in Comparative Example IV was utilized in this Example under the same operating conditions.
  • the fuel utilized was similar but with the replacement of the conventional carburetor detergent by 10 ptb (40 ppm) of bis(2-hydroxyl ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • the vehicle was driven for 9,600 miles (15446 km) under the same sequence set forth in Comparative Example IV.
  • the bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide was able to prevent any significant flow reduction in the fuel injectors as shown by data presented in Table IV.
  • the anti-fouling agent also may be of utility in other fuels, such as diesel fuel.
  • the presently described anti-fouling agent may be used alone, it also may be desirable to utilize the present invention in combination with a demulsifier to facilitate the separation of the gasoline from any foreign substances which may be present in the distribution system, such as water and sediment.
  • the water typically has a pH ranging from about 7 to about 12.
  • a demulsifier for use with the anti-fouling agent preferably should be effective over this pH range.
  • the following Comparative Examples and Examples demonstrate the utility of a demulsifying agent selected from the group consisting of:
  • the mixture then was rated considering the gasoline layer, the water layer and the interface using the rating scale set forth in Table V below. After the ratings were completed, the gasoline level was sucked down to a level about V4 inch (about 6.35 mm) above the emulsion layer without disturbing the interface or water layer. The withdrawn fuel was discarded and 100 ml of fresh gasoline was added to each bottle. The mixture was then shaken and the test repeated for a total of ten times (i.e. a total of about 10 days) or until it became apparent that the emulsion forming tendencies had exceeded acceptable levels of 3 or lower.
  • the trade names of the commercially available additive utilized, the worst ratings of each mixture and the time period before each test was terminated are set forth in Table VI below.
  • Additive A - Nalco 3BD829 Fuel Dehazer manufactured by Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Illinois, which comprises a fatty acid alkylamine reaction product and methanol in a hydrocarbon solvent.
  • Additive B - Tolad T-326 manufactured by the Tretolite Division of Petrolite Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri. This additive comprises oxyalkylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins and polyglycols in aromatic naphtha.
  • the Multiple Contact Emulsion Test previously described was utilized to determine the effectiveness of these demulsifiers. These test results are summarized in Table VII below.
  • Demulsifier Additive A was thus found to be more effective than Additive B with neutral water, while Additive B was much more effective than Additive A when the water was basic.
  • the combination of these additives is particularly preferred, since it was highly effective in both neutral and basic conditions.
  • the additive package may be added to the gasoline at any point after the gasoline has been refined, i.e., the additive package can be added at the refinery or in the distribution system.
  • diluent solvents typically are combined with the additive package to produce an additive concentrate which is metered into the fuel.
  • the amine oxide typically has water present from the manufacturing process. While it is possible to remove most of the water, removal of the water to relatively low levels, i.e. a ratio of about 0.02 to about 0.04 of water to amine oxide, adds complexity to the manufacturing process. Therefore, the amine oxide is commercially available as a solution which has the following composition:
  • the concentrate preferably should have a cloud point below about -20 ° F (-29 ° C) and a pour point of less than -40 ° F (-40 ° C).
  • the additive package is diluted in the range of about 1:1 to about 10:1 with diluent solvent, preferably about 5:1 to facilitate metering and to provide a concentrate having the desired cloud and pour points.
  • the additive package was diluted about 4.9:1 with a diluent which comprised about 90 wt.% xylene and 10 wt.% isopropanol.
  • the resulting concentrate had the following composition:
  • the tube was placed in an ultrasonic bath at room temperature and subjected to ultrasonic frequencies for about five minutes to cause intimate mixing. After removal from the ultrasonic bath and centrifugation to facilitate separation, it was noted that three phases had formed, two organic phases and a water phase. Formation of two organic phases is not desirable, since this was found to result in uneven distribution of the HECO between the layers. In addition, the second organic layer which has a much higher HECO concentration, tends to adhere to the surfaces, resulting in additive loss and potential contamination of subsequent hydrocarbon products that might contact these surfaces.
  • oxo alcohol refers to one or more branched chain aliphatic alcohols prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide and olefins followed by hydrogenation of the resulting aldehydes.
  • a concentrate including a solvent system comprising isopropanol and C 8 oxo alcohol has acceptable demulsifying properties and an improved cloud point relative to a solvent system comprising Cs oxo alcohol alone, when significant quantities of water are present. As previously noted, such a solvent system also does not promote the formation of multiple organic layers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Composition de carburant pour un moteur à combustion interne dans lequel le carburant est injecté sous commande électronique par de multiples orifices, ladite composition de carburant comprenant:
A. de l'essence;
B. un agent anti-encrassement, répondant à la formule
Figure imgb0021
dans laquelle: Ri représente un groupe alkyle en C6 à C24, un groupe aryle, cycloaliphatique, hétérocyclique, alkyle substitué ou aryle substitué; R2 et R3 représentent, indépendamment, chacun un groupe alkyle en Ci à C24, un groupe aryle, alkyle ou aryle substitués, cycloaliphatique ou hétérocyclique; et
C. un désémulsifiant, choisi dans l'ensemble consistant en:
i. un produit de réaction alkylamine/acide gras;
ii. une solution de résines alkylphénol-formaldéhyde oxyalkylées et de polyglycols; et des mélanges de i et de ii.
2. Composition de carburant selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle Ri représente un groupe alkyle en Ce à C20, ou un groupe aryle alkylé; et R2 et R3 représentent chacun, indépendamment, un groupe alkyle en Ci à C12, portant un ou des substituants hydroxyle(s).
3. Composition de carburant selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le carburant est, ou comprend, de l'essence sans additif au plomb.
4. Composition de carburant selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le désémulsifiant est ou comprend:
A. un produit de réaction alkylamine/acide gras; et
B. une solution de résines alkylphénol-formaldéhyde oxyalkylées et de polyglycols.
5. Concentré d'additif pour carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne dans lesquels le carburant est injecté sous commande électronique par de multiples orifices, ledit additif comprenant:
A. environ 5 à environ 50% en poids d'oxyde de bis(2-hydroxyéthyl)-coco-amine;
B. environ 0,25 à environ 10% en poids d'un produit de réaction alkylamine/acide gras; et
C. environ 0,25 à environ 10% en poids de résines alkylphénol-formaldéhyde oxyalkylées et de polyglycols;
D. environ 40 à environ 95% en poids de solvant.
6. Concentré d'additif pour carburant selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le solvant est constitué par, ou comprend du xylène et un alcool.
7. Concentré d'additif pour carburant selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'alcool est choisi dans l'ensemble constitué par de l'isopropanol, des alcools en C4 à C12, et leurs mélanges.
8. Concentré d'additif pour carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne dans lesquels le carburant est injecté sous commande électronique par de nombreux orifices, ledit additif étant constitué par, ou comprenant:
A. environ 5 à environ 50% en poids d'oxyde de bis(2hydroxyéthyl)coco-amine;
B. environ 0,25 à environ 10% en poids d'un agent désémulsifiant; et
C. environ 40 à environ 95% en poids d'un solvant constitué par, ou comprenant:
i. du xylène; et
ii. un alcool en C4 à C12.
9. Additif pour carburant selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le solvant comprend en outre de l'isopropanol.
10. Composition de carburant destinée à diminuer et/ou à empêcher l'encrassement dans un système pour injection, sous commande électronique, de carburant par de nombreux orifices, pour un moteur à combustion interne, ladite composition de carburant comprenant:
A. environ 20 à environ 60 ppm (millionièmes) d'oxyde de bis (2-hydroxyéthyl)-coco-amine;
B. environ 0,5 à environ 4 ppm de produit de réaction alkylamine/acide gras; et
C. environ 0,5 à environ 4 ppm de résines alkylphénol formaldéhyde oxyalkylées et de polyglycols.
EP87300738A 1986-01-29 1987-01-28 Composition combustible Expired EP0234753B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87300738T ATE48012T1 (de) 1986-01-29 1987-01-28 Brennstoffzusammensetzung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82367686A 1986-01-29 1986-01-29
US823676 1986-01-29
US85081286A 1986-04-11 1986-04-11
US850812 1986-04-11

Publications (2)

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EP0234753A1 EP0234753A1 (fr) 1987-09-02
EP0234753B1 true EP0234753B1 (fr) 1989-11-15

Family

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EP87300738A Expired EP0234753B1 (fr) 1986-01-29 1987-01-28 Composition combustible

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EP (1) EP0234753B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR950001709B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN87101763A (fr)
AR (1) AR246759A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU585122B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8700393A (fr)
CA (1) CA1299871C (fr)
DE (1) DE3760997D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2011796B3 (fr)
MY (1) MY100061A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ219070A (fr)

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US10947468B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-03-16 Bp Oil International Limited Fuel compositions with additives

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NZ219531A (en) * 1986-03-14 1991-10-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Anti-fouling fuel compositions and additives containing amines and amine oxides
ES2017030A6 (es) * 1989-07-26 1990-12-16 Lascaray Sa Composicion aditiva para gasolinas empleadas en vehiculos automoviles.
US5340488A (en) * 1989-11-15 1994-08-23 Petro Chemical Products, Inc. Composition for cleaning an internal combustion engine
WO2005093016A1 (fr) * 2004-03-18 2005-10-06 Arkema Inc. Carburants a base d'hydrocarbures aux caracteristiques de combustion ameliorees
CN101837264B (zh) * 2009-12-31 2012-09-26 上海良田化工有限公司 一种急冷水破乳剂组合物、一种急冷水破乳剂及其应用
EP3205704A1 (fr) * 2016-02-11 2017-08-16 Bp Oil International Limited Procédés pour la démulsification
EP3205701A1 (fr) 2016-02-11 2017-08-16 Bp Oil International Limited Composition de carburant
EP3205703A1 (fr) 2016-02-11 2017-08-16 Bp Oil International Limited Additifs de carburant

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GB842991A (en) * 1956-11-02 1960-08-04 Du Pont Fuel oil compositions
US3007784A (en) * 1960-03-28 1961-11-07 Standard Oil Co Fuel oil composition
US3251664A (en) * 1960-08-04 1966-05-17 Petrolite Corp Fuel compositions containing branched polyalkylenepolyamines and derivatives thereof
FR1381443A (fr) * 1962-11-23 1964-12-14 Nalco Chemical Co Procédé perfectionné de raffinage des hydrocarbures du pétrole et inhibiteur pour sa mise en oeuvre
US3468639A (en) * 1965-08-06 1969-09-23 Chevron Res Gasolines containing deposit-reducing monoamides of polyamines characterized by improved water tolerance
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10947468B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-03-16 Bp Oil International Limited Fuel compositions with additives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR246759A1 (es) 1994-09-30
NZ219070A (en) 1989-02-24
DE3760997D1 (en) 1989-12-21
AU585122B2 (en) 1989-06-08
ES2011796B3 (es) 1990-02-16
KR870010159A (ko) 1987-11-30
MY100061A (en) 1989-06-29
CN87101763A (zh) 1987-10-21
BR8700393A (pt) 1987-12-15
EP0234753A1 (fr) 1987-09-02
CA1299871C (fr) 1992-05-05
KR950001709B1 (ko) 1995-02-28
AU6809887A (en) 1987-07-30

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