EP0232069B1 - Méthode pour réduire et/ou empêcher l'encrassement dans des systèmes d'injection de combustible à fenêtres multiples, commandés electroniquement - Google Patents

Méthode pour réduire et/ou empêcher l'encrassement dans des systèmes d'injection de combustible à fenêtres multiples, commandés electroniquement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0232069B1
EP0232069B1 EP87300514A EP87300514A EP0232069B1 EP 0232069 B1 EP0232069 B1 EP 0232069B1 EP 87300514 A EP87300514 A EP 87300514A EP 87300514 A EP87300514 A EP 87300514A EP 0232069 B1 EP0232069 B1 EP 0232069B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
additive
oxide
alkyl
aryl
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP87300514A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0232069A1 (fr
Inventor
Joel Robert Siegel
Geoffrey Anthony Canton
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Priority to AT87300514T priority Critical patent/ATE60350T1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/007—Cleaning
    • F02M65/008—Cleaning of injectors only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to an anti-fouling composition for fuel injection systems. More specifically, the present invention is directed at a method for minimizing and/or preventing injector fouling in gasoline engines equipped with electronically controlled multiport fuel injectors.
  • sensors disposed in the exhaust are employed to maintain the air to fuel ratio within narrow limits.
  • Electronically controlled fuel injection systems offer the same performance and fuel economy benefits that would be achieved with mechanically controlled fuel injection systems and also serve to more closely regulate fuel-air mixtures to thereby enable the catalytic converter to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and simultaneously to reduce nitrogen oxides and thus meet emissions control legislation.
  • Such legislation imposing as it did strict control of exhaust pollutants ultimately led to the development and widespread application of new technologies such as electronic fuel injection.
  • the sensor then will attempt to correct this by decreasing the amount of fuel injected into each cylinder.
  • This cyclical adjustment of the air to fuel ratio ranging between too lean a mixture and too rich a mixture can at times result in poor operating performance of the vehicle.
  • closer tolerances in this new type of injector and concurrently higher underhood temperatures also tend to enhance deposit formation resulting in poor vehicle driveability and exceeding exhaust pollutant levels set by emissions control legislation.
  • a gasoline additive for reducing and/or preventing injector port fouling must be effective at low concentration, must not significantly affect the combustion characteristics of the fuel and must not foul the catalytic converter catalyst.
  • R is C 6 -C 24 alkyl, aryl, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; and R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are C l -C 24 alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or aryl, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic.
  • These compounds typically are added to gasoline in a concentration within the range of about 2.0 to about 100 pounds (0.907 to 45.36 kg) of amine oxide per 1,000 barrels (159.18 m 3 ) of gasoline (ptb).
  • Among the most preferred additives is bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • US-A-3,594,139 is directed at a rust-inhibitor concentrate that can be blended with gasoline year- round.
  • This document also discloses the use of amine oxides having the aforementioned formula for use as gasoline additives for rust prevention.
  • This document also discloses a particularly preferred concentrate comprising bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • amine oxides described above have been typically used to inhibit rust and carburetor icing. While these compounds were used commercially during the late 1960's and early 1970's, their use was discontinued as more effective additives were found. The use of these compounds had been discontinued well before the development of electronically controlled, fuel injected engines.
  • the present invention is directed at a method for minimizing and/or preventing injector fouling in a multiport electronically controlled fuel injected engine.
  • the method comprises delivering to said fuel injection system a fuel comprised of an effective amount of an additive comprising: where:
  • R is C 6 ⁇ C 24 alkyl, aryl, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; and R 2 and R 3 independently are C 1 ⁇ C 24 alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or aryl, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic.
  • R preferably is C 9 ⁇ C 20 alkyl, or alkylated aryl, and R 2 and R 3 independently are C 1 ⁇ C 12 alkyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently are C 8 ⁇ C 18 groups derived from fatty acid.
  • the additive preferably is selected from the group consisting of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) tallow amine oxide, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) stearyl-amine oxide, dimethylcocoamine oxide, dimethyl hydrogenated tallow amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide and mixtures thereof.
  • a particularly preferred additive is bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • the additive concentration in the fuel typically may range between about 0.5 and about 50 ptb (1.425 to 142.48 kg/m 3 ), preferably between about 5 and about 10 ptb (14.25 to 28.51 kg/m 3 ).
  • the additive may be used alone or may be added to the fuel with an effective amount of a demulsifier.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of a fuel additive which has been found to be particularly effective to reduce and/or eliminate fouling of the port openings of an internal combustion engine having a multiport, electronically-controlled fuel injection system.
  • the additive comprises where:
  • R is C 6 -C 24 alkyl, aryl, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl; R 2 and R 3 independently are C,-C 24 alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or aryl, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred compounds include compounds wherein: R, is C 9 ⁇ C 20 alkyl, or alkylated aryl; and R 2 and R 3 independently are C 1 ⁇ C 12 alkyl.
  • Particularly preferred compounds are compounds wherein R i , R 2 and R 3 independently are C 8 ⁇ C 18 groups.
  • the additive preferably is selected from the group consisting of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) stearylamine oxide dimethylcocoamine oxide, dimethyl hydrogenated tallow amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide and mixtures thereof. These additives are prepared in accordance with known techniques, such as disclosed in US-A-3,387,953, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. A particularly preferred additive is bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
  • the data in Table I below show that there was still a marked reduction in fuel flow indicating that a high level of deposit was unaffected by the detergent even at the high treat rate.
  • the percent fuel flow reduction was determined by measuring the volume of a mineral spirit that flowed through the injector under predetermined standardized conditions, including fuel pressure, pulse width and duty cycle. The percent reduction is calculated using the formula: where VClean and V dirty are the measured volumes of mineral spirit passed through the clean and dirty fuel injectors.
  • a 1985 Chrysler * LeBaron * equipped with a 2.2 liter turbocharged engine having electronically controlled fuel injection was driven for 2092.2 km (1300 miles) on a mileage accumulation dynamometer using a typical regular grade, 87 octane, unleaded, detergent-free gasoline.
  • the driving was based on repetition of the following cycle: 30 minutes cit driving, 30 minutes engine off, 30 minutes highway driving, 30 minutes engine off.
  • the driveability became very poor as typified by rough idle and severe hesitation.
  • the hydrocarbon emissions measured before the catalytic converter were 321 ppm at engine idle.
  • the injector fouling was measured using a pressure differential test. In this test the fuel rail is pressurized to 49 psig (337.8 Pa gauge) and an injector is pulsed for 0.5 seconds.
  • the pressure drop, or leakdown ⁇ P is indicative of how readily the fuel flows, i.e., the higher the number, the less the injector is obstructed.
  • the pressure differential for a clean injector under these conditions is 19-22 psi (131-151.7 kPa). This data is set forth below in Table II.
  • the present invention also may be of utility in other fuels, such as diesel fuel.
  • the additive may be added to the gasoline at any point after the gasoline has been refined, i.e., the additive can be added at the refinery or in the distribution system.
  • the presently described additive may be used, it alone may be desirable to utilize the present invention in combination with a demulsifier to facilitate the separation of the gasoline from any foreign substances which may be present in the distribution system.
  • Other additives conventionally employed in gasolines may also be used in combination with the additives of the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne comportant un système à plusieurs lumières d'aspiration, commandé électroniquement pour l'injection de combustible ou de carburant, en vue d'empêcher et/ou réduire l'encrassement des lumières des orifices dudit système, le procédé comprenant la fourniture, audit système d'injection de carburant, d'un carburant comprenant une quantité efficace d'un additif comprenant:
Figure imgb0012
dans lequel: R, représente un groupe alkyle, aryle, cycloaliphatique, hétérocyclique, alkyle substitué ou aryle substitué, en C6 à C24; R2 et R3 représentent chacun, indépendamment, un groupe alkyle en Ci à C24, aryle, alkyle ou aryle substitués, cycloaliphatique ou hétérocyclique.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel R, représente un groupe alkyle en Cs à C20, ou aryle alkylé; et R2 et R3 représentent chacun, indépendamment, un groupe alkyle en C, à C12.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'additif est choisi dans l'ensemble consistant en de l'oxyde de bis(2-hydroxyéthyl) coco amine, de l'oxyde de bis(2-hydroxyéthyl) suif amine, de l'oxyde de bis(2-hydroxyéthyl) stéarylamine, de l'oxyde de diméthyl coco amine, de l'oxyde de diméthyl (suif hydrogéné) amine, de l'oxyde de diméthyl hexadécyl amine, et leurs mélanges.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'additif est de l'oxyde de bis(2-hydroxyéthyl) coco amine.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la concentration de l'additif se situe entre 0,5 et 50 livres pour 1 000 barils de carburant (0,23 à 22,68 kg pour 159 000 litres de carburant).
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la concentration de l'additif se situe entre 5 et 10 livres pour mille barils de carburant (2,27 à 4,54 kg pour 159 000 litres de carburant).
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le carburant est de l'essence.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le rapport air/carburant du moteur est régulé selon la concentration de l'oxygène dans le gaz d'échappement, telle que décelée par des moyens de détection sensibles à la concentration de l'oxygène dans le gaz d'échappement.
EP87300514A 1986-01-21 1987-01-21 Méthode pour réduire et/ou empêcher l'encrassement dans des systèmes d'injection de combustible à fenêtres multiples, commandés electroniquement Expired - Lifetime EP0232069B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87300514T ATE60350T1 (de) 1986-01-21 1987-01-21 Verfahren, um die verschmutzung in elektronisch kontrollierten brennstoffeinspritzungsanlagen mit vielen oeffnungen herabzusetzen und/oder zu verhindern.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82105386A 1986-01-21 1986-01-21
US821053 1986-01-21

Publications (2)

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EP0232069A1 EP0232069A1 (fr) 1987-08-12
EP0232069B1 true EP0232069B1 (fr) 1991-01-23

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EP87300514A Expired - Lifetime EP0232069B1 (fr) 1986-01-21 1987-01-21 Méthode pour réduire et/ou empêcher l'encrassement dans des systèmes d'injection de combustible à fenêtres multiples, commandés electroniquement

Country Status (9)

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EP (1) EP0232069B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62223295A (fr)
KR (1) KR870007264A (fr)
CN (1) CN87101600A (fr)
AT (1) ATE60350T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU598511B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8700241A (fr)
DE (1) DE3767497D1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ219013A (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9114237D0 (en) * 1991-07-02 1991-08-21 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil treatment
GB2529781A (en) * 2015-12-01 2016-03-02 Gm Global Tech Operations Inc Method of detecting a clogging of a fuel injector in an internal combustion engine
CN108798895B (zh) * 2017-04-27 2021-01-01 康明斯公司 燃料喷射器清洁系统、流体以及方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3007784A (en) * 1960-03-28 1961-11-07 Standard Oil Co Fuel oil composition
US3594139A (en) * 1966-05-05 1971-07-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tertiary amine oxide concentrates
FR1521990A (fr) * 1966-05-12 1968-04-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Composition d'essence anti-rouille et anti-gel
US4398505A (en) * 1981-10-22 1983-08-16 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Diesel fuel composition
US4482356A (en) * 1983-12-30 1984-11-13 Ethyl Corporation Diesel fuel containing alkenyl succinimide

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Publication number Publication date
KR870007264A (ko) 1987-08-18
AU598511B2 (en) 1990-06-28
BR8700241A (pt) 1987-12-01
DE3767497D1 (de) 1991-02-28
CN87101600A (zh) 1987-10-07
NZ219013A (en) 1990-06-26
EP0232069A1 (fr) 1987-08-12
JPS62223295A (ja) 1987-10-01
ATE60350T1 (de) 1991-02-15
AU6781487A (en) 1987-07-23

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