EP0234218B1 - Procédé de régénération des systèmes de filtres à particules de gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Procédé de régénération des systèmes de filtres à particules de gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0234218B1
EP0234218B1 EP87100384A EP87100384A EP0234218B1 EP 0234218 B1 EP0234218 B1 EP 0234218B1 EP 87100384 A EP87100384 A EP 87100384A EP 87100384 A EP87100384 A EP 87100384A EP 0234218 B1 EP0234218 B1 EP 0234218B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
regeneration
filter
cylinder
individual
groups
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87100384A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0234218A1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Prof. Dr. Pischinger
Gerhard Dr.-Ing. Lepperhoff
Georg Dipl.-Ing. Hüthwohl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fev Forschungsgesellschaft fur Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren Mbh
Original Assignee
Fev Forschungsgesellschaft fur Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren Mbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Fev Forschungsgesellschaft fur Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren Mbh filed Critical Fev Forschungsgesellschaft fur Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren Mbh
Publication of EP0234218A1 publication Critical patent/EP0234218A1/fr
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Publication of EP0234218B1 publication Critical patent/EP0234218B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F02D41/0082—Controlling each cylinder individually per groups or banks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/38—Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/462—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down
    • F02M69/465—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down of fuel rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter

Definitions

  • the oxidation of the particles collected in the filter sets in at temperatures above 500-550 degrees C.
  • the required temperature can be reduced to approx. 400-450 degrees C by using catalytic coatings.
  • JP-A 5 979 024 is a method for the regeneration of exhaust gas particle filter systems, in which the filter arrangement is heated when a predetermined value of the flow resistance is exceeded by increasing the fuel supply in certain cylinders, while it is completely in the remaining cylinders is interrupted. Precautions are taken to ensure that only the exhaust gases of those cylinders to which the fuel supply is increased reach the filter.
  • a vehicle that is equipped with a system of this type works for the duration of the regeneration time like a vehicle with a strongly under-dimensioned, "too small” engine.
  • there is not enough engine power available for acceleration or power increase so that the result is "jerky” acceleration behavior of the vehicle and an irregular, vibrating running of the engine, which leads to unacceptable operating properties.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that in internal combustion engines in which individual cylinders or cylinder groups are assigned separate particle filters, the cylinder or cylinder group to which the particle filter to be regenerated is assigned, for regeneration of the filter, the required for this Amount of fuel is supplied, while the remaining cylinders or cylinder groups are supplied with such a reduced amount of fuel that the power of the internal combustion engine remains the same.
  • the distribution of the injection quantity of the individual cylinders can also be done electronically via the adjustment of the respective control pistons in a block injection pump or with a regulated pump nozzle se concept. It is also possible to regulate the injection quantity by controlling a bypass valve in the injection line with a constant delivery quantity of the injection pump.
  • a diesel engine 1 is equipped with pump nozzle elements 2, a fuel supply 5, an exhaust system 4 and a particle filter 3 installed in the exhaust system directly on each cylinder.
  • an electronic control unit 6 controls the injection timing and the injection duration via control lines 7.
  • the electronic control unit 6 e.g. for the "one" cylinder, the injection timing and the injection duration are set such that exhaust temperatures of over 600 degrees C are reached behind this cylinder.
  • the temperatures effective in the individual filters are sensed by temperature sensors and reported via control lines 8 to the electronic control unit for further processing.
  • the soot is ignited by the high temperatures and burns.
  • corresponding smaller quantities are supplied to the cylinders "two", "three” and “four” in order to maintain constant engine load and speed. This is accomplished by the electronic control unit 6.
  • the regeneration of the filters behind the cylinders "two" or “three” or “four” takes place depending on the time or the loading height.
  • the activation for regeneration can take place as a function of time or as a function of a signal which indicates the amount of soot in the particle filter.
  • the exhaust gas back pressure upstream of the respective particle filter or a variable which indicates the soot layer thickness can be used as the control variable.
  • the adjustment of the injection quantity and injection time to initiate soot combustion and filter regeneration can take place during the entire regeneration time of the respective filter or can also be carried out intermittently to ignite the soot stored in the filter. It is thereby achieved that the soot is ignited by a brief increase in the exhaust gas temperature by intermittent adjustment of the full load quantity and then, due to its exothermic combustion, the temperature increase in the soot layer of the filter is so great that self-supporting soot combustion even at partial load of the cylinder in front of the regenerating filter can be done. This process can also take place alternately between two or more individual cylinders or cylinder groups.
  • multi-cylinder machines can combine cylinder groups with respect to the injection control and the exhaust gas routing on a monolith.
  • a block injection pump with control of the individual pistons can also be used.
  • the cylinder-specific regeneration can be carried out using a bypass-controlled injection time.
  • the injection pump controls the start of injection and always delivers a constant amount of fuel.
  • the required injection quantity depending on the load or the regeneration requirement is carried out via a cycled bypass valve.
  • FIG. 2 Such a circuit is shown in Fig. 2.
  • An injection pump 9 delivers a constant fuel flow via a pressure line 10.
  • the amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber from a nozzle 11 is controlled by a bypass valve 12.
  • the excess amount of fuel flows back into the tank via a return line 16.
  • a stepped piston 13 is raised against a spring 14 by an electrical lifting magnet 15 controlled by the electronic control unit 6.
  • the injection pressure in line 10 after briefly lifting the stepped piston 12, hits the enlarged area of the bypass valve and opens it suddenly, so that the fuel can flow out via the return line 16, and the injection valve 11 closes.
  • the spring 14 presses the reciprocating piston back into the starting position.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments shown and described.
  • a further advantageous possibility for improving and developing the method according to the invention is that when additives are added to the fuel as soot ignition aids, the additive concentration in the regenerating filter is increased.

Claims (11)

1. Procédé de régénération de systèmes de filtres à particules de gaz d'échappement par oxydation de particules déposées, dans des moteurs à combustion interne, par réchauffage temporel des gaz d'échappement jusqu'à la température de combustion des particules déposées, en augmentant la délivrance de carburant à des cylindres déterminés, caractérisé par le fait que, en présence de moteurs à combustion interne dans lesquels des filtres à particules distincts sont associés à des cylindres ou groupes de cylindres individuels, la quantité de carburant nécessaire à la régénération du filtre est respectivement délivrée au cylindre ou au groupe de cylindres auquel est associé le filtre à particules considéré devant être régénéré, tandis qu'une quantité de carburant réduite est respectivement délivrée aux autres cylindres ou groupes de cylindres, de telle sorte que la puissance respectivement fournie par le moteur à combustion interne demeure égale.
2. Procédé de régénération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, en vue de la régénération du filtre, la quantité de carburant nécessaire au fonctionnement en régime pleine charge est respectivement délivrée au cylindre ou au groupe de cylindres auquel est associé le filtre à particules considéré devant être régénéré.
3. Procédé de régénération selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'un ajustement individuel des pistons de réglage a lieu en vue de la répartition inégale des quantités injectées dans des moteurs Diesel à pompe d'injection monobloc.
4. Procédé de régénération selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'un réglage électrique ou électronique des éléments individuels a lieu en vue de la répartition inégale des quantités injectées dans des moteurs Diesel à buses de pompage.
5. Procédé de régénération selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que, en vue de la répartition inégale des quantités injectées dans des moteurs Diesel, des valves de dérivation sont commandées de telle sorte que la quantité de carburant nécessaire à la régénération du filtre soit respectivement délivrée au cylindre ou groupe de cylindres auquel est associé le filtre à particules considéré devant être régénéré, tandis que la quantité de carburant nécessaire pour la puissance considérée est respectivement délivrée aux autres cylindres ou groupes de cylindres.
6. Procédé de régénération selon l'une des revendications 1-5, caractérisé par le fait que la régénération des filtres ou groupes de filtres individuels est commandée en fonction du temps.
7. Procédé de régénération selon l'une des revendications 1-5, caractérisé par le fait que la régénération des filtres ou groupes de filtres individuels est commandée en fonction de la contre-pression des gaz d'échappement.
8. Procédé de régénération selon l'une des revendications 1-5, caractérisé par le fait que 1a régénération des filtres ou groupes de filtres individuels est commandée en fonction de la quantité de calamine.
9. Procédé de régénération selon l'une des revendications 1-8, caractérisé par le fait que la quantité de carburant nécessaire à la régénération des filtres ou groupes de filtres individuels est délivrée par intermittence aux cylindres ou groupes de cylindres individuels.
10. Procédé de régénération selon l'une des revendications 1-8, caractérisé par le fait que la quantité de carburant nécessaire à la régénération des filtres ou groupes de filtres individuels est respectivement délivrée, par intermittence et en alternance, aux cylindres ou groupes de cylindres individuels.
11. Procédé de régénération selon l'une des revendications 1-10, caractérisé par le fait que, dans des moteurs Diesel, la température des gaz d'échappement nécessaire à la régénération des filtres ou groupes de filtres individuels résulte d'un réglage différé de l'injection sur le cylindre individuel considéré, respectivement sur le groupe de cylindres considéré.
EP87100384A 1986-02-19 1987-01-14 Procédé de régénération des systèmes de filtres à particules de gaz d'échappement Expired EP0234218B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3605255 1986-02-19
DE19863605255 DE3605255A1 (de) 1986-02-19 1986-02-19 Verfahren zur regeneration von abgas-partikelfiltersystemen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0234218A1 EP0234218A1 (fr) 1987-09-02
EP0234218B1 true EP0234218B1 (fr) 1989-10-04

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EP87100384A Expired EP0234218B1 (fr) 1986-02-19 1987-01-14 Procédé de régénération des systèmes de filtres à particules de gaz d'échappement

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US (1) US4709547A (fr)
EP (1) EP0234218B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3605255A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0234218A1 (fr) 1987-09-02
US4709547A (en) 1987-12-01
DE3760680D1 (en) 1989-11-09
DE3605255A1 (de) 1987-08-20

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