EP0232842A1 - Element construction, in particular wall and ceiling elements - Google Patents

Abstract

With the method, constructions of elements made from modular elements (1, 2) are erected, which have tensioning members (32, 118, 48, 119) passing through them in the pre-assembled state. The modular elements (1, 2) with the tensioning members (32, 118, 48, 119) are inserted into the respective final installation position and braced with the coupling pieces (126). Tensile and/or shrinkage forces which arise are transmitted exclusively via the tensioning members (32, 118, 48, 119). At least one of the modular elements can be inserted into an opening, the dimensions of which correspond, seen in the direction of insertion, to the dimensions of this modular element. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for erecting and / or dismantling an element construction, in particular a wall and / or a ceiling construction, according to the preamble of claim 1, and an element construction for use in such a method according to the preamble of claim 9.

In such an element construction, which is used to manufacture a tiled stove, the modular elements are clamped together by the tendons which are connected to one another by the coupling pieces. The modular elements used in the erected part of the element construction are only pulled into the installation position during the bracing process.

The invention has for its object to design the generic method and the generic element construction so that the modular elements can be easily installed and clamped or dismantled again where there is no space for moving the modular elements to be installed or dismantled.

This object is achieved with the generic method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 and with the generic element construction according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 9.

In the method according to the invention, the modular elements are first penetrated with the tendons. The modular elements interspersed with the tendons are then placed in their final installation position and connected to the neighboring modular elements via the coupling pieces. This bracing process can take place without the modular element used and / or the part of the element structure already erected having to be moved. As a result, at least one of the modular elements can be used as the final element of the element structure, because this modular element with the tensioning element used can be inserted directly into the remaining opening of the element structure. The tendons and the coupling pieces of the modular elements form a continuous tensioning device which is designed such that the tensile forces and / or the shrinking forces are transmitted exclusively via the tendons in the event of a tensile and / or expansion stress on one of the modular elements. The modular elements themselves do not take part in this transfer of the corresponding forces. Any modular element can e.g. for repair purposes or for replacement, can be removed from the element construction. It is only necessary to release the tension to the neighboring modular elements; then it can be pulled out of the element construction without difficulty.

Further features of the invention result from the further claims, the description and the drawings.

• _Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung eine erfindungsgemäße, als Kachelofen ausgebildete Wandkonstruktion,
• Fig. 2 eine Rückansicht eines Baukastenelementes des Kachelofens,
• Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht eines weiteren Baukastenelementes des Kachelofens,
• Fig. 5 eine Rückansicht des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 4,
• Fig. 6 eine Unteransicht des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 4,
• Fig. 7 die Einzelheit A in Fig. 4 in vergrößerter Darstellung,
• Fig. 8 eine Rückansicht eines ein Eckelement bildenden Baukastenelementes des Kachelofens,
• Fig. 9 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles IX in Fig. 8,
• Fig. 10 bis 17 jeweils Schnitte längs der Linien X-X bis XVII-XVII in Fig. 8,
• Fig. 18 eine Rückansicht eines ein Abdeckelement bildenden Baukastenelementes des Kachelofens,
• Fig. 19 eine Seitenansicht des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 18,
• Fig. 20 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles XX in Fig. 19,
• Fig. 21 in perspektivischer Darstellung den Eckbereich des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 18,
• Fig. 22 eine Seitenansicht eines als Sockelbogen ausgebildeten Baukastenelementes des Kachelofens,
• Fig. 23 eine Vorderansicht des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 22,
• Fig. 24 eine Vorderansicht eines als Sockelteil ausgebildeten Baukastenelementes des Kachelofens,
• Fig. 25 eine Seitenansicht des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 24,
• Fig. 26 eine Unteransicht eines als Abdeckplatte ausgebildeten Baukastenelementes des Kachelofens,
• Fig. 27 eine Seitenansicht des Baukastenelementes gemäß Fig. 26,
• Fig. 28 in vergrößerter Darstellung und im Schnitt die Verbindung von Spanngliedern benachbarter Baukastenelemente,
• Fig. 29 mehrere miteinander über die Spannglieder verbundene Abdeckplatten, die eine Abdeckung des Kachelofens bilden,
• Fig. 30 die Auflagerung einer Abdeckplatte auf einem Absatz eines stehend angeordneten Baukastenelementes,
• Fig. 31 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Kachelofen,
• Fig. 32 bis 34 jeweils Schnitte längs der Linien XXXII-XXXII bis XXXIV-XXXIV in Fig. 31,
• Fig. 35 teilweise im Schnitt und teilweise in Ansicht die Rückseite eines Baukastengliedes,
• Fig. 36 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles XXXVI in Fig. 35,
• Fig. 37 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles XXXVII in Fig. 36,
• Fig. 38 teilweise in Schnitt und teilweise in Ansicht die Rückseite einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Baukastengliedes mit einem angegossenen Sims,
• Fig. 39 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles IXL in Fig. 38,
• Fig. 40 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles XL in Fig. 39,
• Fig. 41 in perspektivischer Darstellung eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Baukastengliedes,
• Fig. 42 in schematischer Darstellung in Ansicht eine Gebäudefassade, die aus den zu Baukastenelementen zusammengesetzten Baukastengliedern gemäß den Fig. 35 bis 41 zusammgesetzt werden kann,
• Fig. 43 eine weitere Wandkonstruktion, die aus den zu Baukastenelementen zusammengesetzten Baukastengliedern gemäß den Fig. 35 bis 41 errichtet werden kann,
• Fig. 44 eine Verspannung benachbarter Baukastenglieder,
• Fig. 45 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen aus den zu Baukastenelementen zusammengesetzten Baukastengliedern gemäß den Fig. 35 bis 41 montierten Kachelofen,
• Fig. 46 . die Baukastenglieder des Kachelofens gemäß Fig. 45 in auseinandergezogenem Zustand,
• Fig. 47 einen Eckkachelofen, der aus verschiedenden Baukastengliedern zusammengesetzt wird, die einzeln dargestellt sind,
• Fig. 48 einen Längsschnitt durch drei vorgespannte, senkrecht übereinander gesetzte Baukastenglieder, die ein Baukastenelement bilden,
• Fig. 49 in einem Längsschnitt ein als Sockel ausgebildetes Baukastenglied mit einem unteren Teil der vertikalen Verspannung,
• Fig. 50 in einem senkrechten Schnitt einen aus den Baukastenelementen zusammengesetzten Kachelofen, der als kombinierter Grund- und Konvektionsofen ausgebildet ist,
• Fig..51 einen Horizontalschnitt durch den Kachelofen gemäß Fig. 50.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to some embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it

• _F ig. 1 is a perspective view of a wall construction according to the invention, designed as a tiled stove,
• 2 is a rear view of a modular element of the tiled stove,
• 3 shows a side view of the modular element according to FIG. 2,
• 4 shows a side view of a further modular element of the tiled stove,
• 5 is a rear view of the modular element according to FIG. 4,
• 6 is a bottom view of the modular element according to FIG. 4,
• 7 shows the detail A in FIG. 4 in an enlarged view,
• 8 is a rear view of a modular element of the tiled stove forming a corner element,
• 9 is a view in the direction of arrow IX in Fig. 8,
• 10 to 17 are sections along lines XX to XVII-XVII in Fig. 8,
• 18 is a rear view of a modular element of the tiled stove forming a cover element,
• 19 is a side view of the modular element according to FIG. 18,
• 20 is a view in the direction of arrow XX in Fig. 19,
• 21 is a perspective view of the corner area of the modular element according to FIG. 18,
• 22 is a side view of a modular element of the tiled stove designed as a base arch,
• 23 is a front view of the modular element according to FIG. 22,
• 24 is a front view of a modular element of the tiled stove designed as a base part,
• 25 is a side view of the modular element according to FIG. 24,
• 26 is a bottom view of a modular element of the tiled stove designed as a cover plate,
• 27 is a side view of the modular element according to FIG. 26,
• 28 in an enlarged representation and in section the connection of tendons of adjacent modular elements,
• 29 several cover plates connected to one another via the tendons, which form a cover for the tiled stove,
• 30 shows the support of a cover plate on a shoulder of an upright modular element,
• 31 is a perspective view of a tiled stove,
• 32 to 34 are sections along lines XXXII-XXXII to XXXIV-XXXIV in Fig. 31,
• 35 partly in section and partly in view the back of a modular element,
• 36 is a view in the direction of arrow XXXVI in FIG. 35,
• 37 is a view in the direction of arrow XXXVII in FIG. 36,
• 38 partly in section and partly in view the rear of a further embodiment of a modular element with a cast-on ledge,
• 39 is a view in the direction of arrow IXL in Fig. 38,
• 40 is a view in the direction of arrow XL in FIG. 39,
• 41 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a modular element,
• 42 is a schematic representation in view of a building facade that can be assembled from the modular elements assembled into modular elements according to FIGS. 35 to 41,
• 43 shows a further wall construction which can be erected from the modular elements according to FIGS. 35 to 41 assembled to form modular elements,
• 44 a bracing of adjacent modular elements,
• 45 shows a perspective view of a tiled stove assembled from the modular elements according to FIGS. 35 to 41,
• Fig. 46. 45 in the pulled-apart state,
• 47 shows a corner tiled stove which is composed of various modular elements which are shown individually,
• 48 shows a longitudinal section through three prestressed, vertically superimposed modular elements, which form a modular element,
• 49 shows a longitudinal section of a modular element designed as a base with a lower part of the vertical bracing,
• 50 is a vertical section of a tiled stove composed of the modular elements, which is designed as a combined basic and convection stove,
• Fig. 51 a horizontal section through the tiled stove according to Fig. 50.

The element construction is explained in more detail below using a tiled stove.

The tiled stove shown in Fig. 1 has been created from various modular elements 1 to 7. The modular element 1 is a four-tile element with an upper cornice 8 and a base part 9. In the exemplary embodiment, the modular elements 1 are provided on the edges of the tiled stove that adjoin each wall. The modular elements 2 are triple-tiled. In the exemplary embodiment, they sit on the base arch 5, which forms a further modular element of the tiled stove. On the three-tiled modular elements 2, a tubular door 10 is provided, which is arranged immediately below the upper cornice. The modular element 3 is a four-sided corner element and also has an upper ledge 11 and a base part 12. Individual ledge parts can also be used to produce the ledge 4, which are connected to one another in a manner to be described. In the exemplary embodiment, these individual ledge parts are provided in the area above the tubular door 10. Between the base parts 9 and 12 of the modular elements 1 and 3, the base arch 5 is arranged, which also forms a modular element which is mounted between the modular elements 1 and 3. As a further modular element, a front door base 6 is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment is arranged between the base parts 12 and 9 of the modular elements 3 and 1 below a front door 13. Finally, the tiled stove has a cover 14 which is formed from individual cover plates 7 and the ledge parts 8, 4.

2 and 3, the four-tiled modular element 1 is shown in detail. Its outside 15 is covered by four tiles one above the other are formed, which lie in a row one above the other with the formation of gaps and are fastened to a supporting body 16, which is made of concrete, for example. It is formed in one piece with the base part 9, which is thicker than the support body 16 and the same width as it has. The upper cornice 8 is also formed in one piece with the supporting body 16 and has the same width as it. 3 shows, however, the upper cornice 8 is thicker than the supporting body 16 and the base part 9. The rear side 17 of the supporting body 16 is connected to the rear side 19 of the base part 9 via an inclined surface 18 at the lower edge of the lower tile 15. Approximately halfway up the uppermost tile, the rear side 17 of the supporting body 16 merges into the rear side 21 of the upper cornice 8 via a further inclined surface 20. The rear side 21 is provided with a shoulder 22, at the level of which there is a depression 25 and 26 on both sides 23 and 24 of the upper cornice 8. It is open to the rear 21 of the upper cornice 8 (Fig. 2). One end of a tie rod 27, which penetrates the upper cornice 8 near the rear 21 thereof at the level of the shoulder 22, projects into the depressions 25, 26. ,

On the sides 28 and 29 of the supporting body 16, a further depression 30 and 31 is provided in the area between the second and the third tile 15, which is also open to the front 15 or to the rear 17 of the supporting body 16. In each of these recesses 30, 31 there is an end of a further pull rod 32 which passes through the support body 16 in the region between the second and third tiles near the rear side 17.

The sides 33 and 34 of the base part 9 are also provided with depressions 35 and 36 which, in addition to the corresponding sides 33, 34, are also open to the rear 19 of the base part 9. In these recesses 35, 36 there is in each case one end of a pull rod 37 passing through the base part. The recesses 35, 36 are open towards the rear side 19.

In the lower end face 38 of the base part 9 there is a recess 39 in the center, in which, in the installed position, there is an adjusting element 40 with which a height adjustment of the respective modular element is possible. The adjusting elements 40 are anchored with dowels 173 in the base 174 and have a nut part 175 seated on the floor, into which a screw 176 is screwed. It has a head 117 which lies against the bottom of the depression 39. A simple height adjustment of the modular element is possible by screwing the screw 176 in or out.

On the sides 23 and 24 of the modular element 1, a recess 41 is provided in each case, which serves to receive pins, plug pins and the like in order to be able to align the ledge with respect to the modular element 1.

The modular element 1 can of course also be designed without the upper cornice 8 and the base part 9, as will be explained for the modular element 2 with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7. In this case, the upper cornice 8 and the base part 9 are separate modular elements which are connected to the tile elements 1.

The modular element 2 (FIGS. 4 to 7) has three tiles 42 arranged one above the other in a row, which Form outside. As with the modular element 1, the tiles 42 are arranged one above the other to form narrow joints. You are also sitting on a support body 43, which is preferably made of concrete. In the sides 44 and 45 of the support body 43, a recess 46 and 47 is provided, in each of which in turn one end of a pull rod 48 passing through the support body 43 is located. The depressions 46, 47 are of the same design as the depressions 30, 31 of the modular element 1 (FIGS. 2 and 3). The upper, flat end face 49 of the modular element 2 has, in half thickness, two narrow depressions 51 and 52, which run parallel to the outside 42 or the back 50 of the support body 43 and extend to the sides 44 and 45 of the support body 43 (FIG 6) and have a distance from each other.

The lower end face 53 of the support body 43 has a projection 54 which is approximately half the thickness of the support body (FIGS. 4 and 7) and extends over the entire width of the support body 43 (FIG. 5). This projection 54 serves as a form-locking element which, when the tiled stove is installed, engages in a corresponding recess in an adjacent modular element, in the exemplary embodiment of the base arch 5. Of course, it is also possible to flatly design the lower end face 53 of the modular element 2.

The modular element 3 serving as a corner element (FIGS. 8 to 17) has four tiles 55 and 56 arranged one above the other on two outer sides lying at right angles to one another, which are fastened on a supporting body 57, which is preferably made of concrete. The tiles 55 and 56 can also be integrally formed with each other. The support body 57 is formed in one piece with the base part 12, which has an approximately L-shaped outline (FIGS. 9 to 12). In the lower end face 58 of the base part 12 there is a recess 59 in the center, in which the adjusting element 40 (FIG. 2u.3) for height adjustment of the modular element 3 can be accommodated when the tiled stove is installed. Adjacent modular elements with their corresponding side surfaces are attached to the side surfaces 60, 61. In the area between the recesses 62 lying one above the other, a recess 63 and 64 is provided in each of the side surfaces 60, 61 (FIGS. 8 and 11), in each of which one end of a pull rod 65 is located. It passes through the base part 12 and runs in an L-shape (FIG. 11).

Similar depressions 66 and 67 are also provided in the side surfaces 68 and 69 of the support body 57 (FIG. 13), which are aligned with the side surfaces 60, 61 of the base part 12. The depressions 66, 67 are of the same design as the depressions 63, 64 in the base part 12 or the depressions 30, 31 and 46, 47 of the modular elements 1 and 2. The depressions 66, 67 are located in the recesses 66, 67 Ends of an L-shaped rod 70 passing through the support body 57. Like the base part 12, the support body 57 has an L-shaped outline, but is narrower than the base part.

The support body 57 is formed in one piece with the upper cornice 11, which protrudes beyond the right-angled outer sides 55 and 56 (FIGS. 15 to 17). The longer outer side 55 is at right angles to the side surface 68 and the shorter outer side 56 is at right angles to the side surface 69 of the support body 57 (FIG. 13). The upper cornice 11 is provided on two side surfaces 72 and 73 (FIG. 16) which are at right angles to one another and at right angles to the sides of the ledge, each with a recess 74 and 75, in which the end of a pull rod 76 and a bolt 77 lying perpendicular to it is located. Finally, the upper ledge 11 is provided with plug-in openings 78 in the side surfaces 72 and 73 (FIG. 17), which serve to receive plug-in pins through which the ledge lintel can be aligned with the adjacent modular element. 16 and 17, the recess 74 is also open to the end faces 73.

The ledge lintel 4 (FIGS. 18 to 21) has on its upper side two tiles 79 lying side by side, which a support body 80, which is preferably made of concrete, are attached. The tiles 79 are pulled down over the end face 81 of the support body 80 (FIG. 19). On the underside of the supporting body 80 there is a crash plate 82 which extends over the entire width and length of the ledge 4. The crash plate 82 is flush with the rear side 83 of the support body 80 and has a straight sheet metal section 84 extending from this rear side, which merges into a vertically upwardly directed sheet metal section 85 approximately half the width of the ledge 4. It merges into an intermediate piece 86 running obliquely in the direction of the end face 81, which is connected to an oppositely inclined intermediate piece 88 via a connecting piece 87 running parallel to the sheet metal section 84 and having a smaller distance from the tile 79. It connects at an obtuse angle to an end piece 89 which runs parallel to the sheet metal section 84 and lies at the level of the transition from the sheet metal section 85 to the intermediate piece 86.

The support body 80 is penetrated at a short distance above the sheet metal section 84 of the lintel plate 82 by a pull rod 90 which runs parallel to the sheet metal section 84 and to the rear 83. The two ends of the pull rod 90 lie in the end-side recesses 91 and 92 of the support body 80, which are delimited at the bottom by the sheet metal section 84 and extend into the flat rear side 83 of the support body 80.

The ledge lintel 4 shown in FIGS. 18 to 21 has only two adjacent tiles 79. But it can also, as shown in FIG. 1, have three tiles lying side by side in a row. The lintel can also have only a single tile or, for example, two and a half tiles, depending on the dimensions of the tile stove to be erected. To fasten the tubular door 10 (FIG. 1), a nut 93 (FIG. 20) is provided in half the length of the end piece 89 of the crash plate 82. It is fastened on the end piece 89 on the side facing the support body 80, so that it is embedded in the concrete material of the support body and held securely.

The base arch 5 (FIGS. 22 and 23) has in its flat upper end face 94 a centrally located depression 95 which extends over the entire length of the base arch and into which the form-fitting part 54 of the modular elements 2 (FIGS. 4 to 7) in the mounted position engages. As a result, the modular elements 2 can be easily aligned with the base arch 5. There is a recess 99 in each of the flat side surfaces 96 and 97 of the base arch 5. The recesses 99 lie adjacent to the concavely curved underside 100 of the base arch in alignment with one another. The two ends of a pull rod 101 passing through the base arch 5 lie in the depressions 99. The essentially parallelepiped-shaped base arch 5 advantageously also consists of concrete.

The front door base 6, which is also cuboid in shape (FIGS. 24 and 25), has on its flat underside 102 close to the mutually parallel side surfaces 103 and 104 two half-thickness recesses 105 in which the adjusting elements 40 can be accommodated for height compensation. A depression 107 is provided in each of the side surfaces 103, 104 in the upper half. The two ends of a pull rod 108 passing through the front door base 6 lie in the depressions 107.

The cover plate 7 (FIGS. 26 and 27) has a support body 109, preferably made of concrete, on which a tile 110 is fastened. It is penetrated by two crossing tie rods 111, the ends of which are each in a recess 112. As shown in FIG. 26, the depressions 112 are half the width of the outside 113 of the support body 109. The depressions 112 are also open to the flat underside 114 of the support body 109.

28 shows how neighboring modular elements 1 to 3 are connected to one another via the respective tie rods. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the modular elements 1 and 2 lying next to one another are connected to one another. Your corresponding tie rods 32 and 48 are embedded in the supporting bodies 16 and 43 and are preferably designed as polygonal rods, which can be arranged in the supporting bodies in a rotationally fixed manner. A bushing 116 and 117 is pushed onto the rod ends lying in the recesses 31 and 46, which have a bottom 118, 119 at one end with a central opening for the passage of the respective tie rods 32 and 48. One end of a compression spring 120, 121 is supported on the bottom 118, 119, the other end of which rests on a stop part 122 and 123 seated on the free rod end. The stop parts can be nuts screwed onto the rod ends. Both bushings 116, 117 have at the free end an edge area 124, 125 which has an outer diameter and is provided with an external thread. On the socket 1, a coupling piece 126 which can be screwed onto both edge areas 124, 125. For axial securing, the nut 126 has a truncated cone-shaped base 127 which is penetrated by the bushing 117 and comes to rest on the edge region 125 of the bushing 117 in the end position of the nut 126 shown in FIG. 28.

Before the assembly of the modular elements 1 and 2, the respective bushings 116, 117, which are not yet connected to one another by the nut 126, bear against the bottom 128, 129 of the depressions 31, 46 under the force of the compression springs 120, 121.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 7, the modular elements 2 are provided with the form-fitting part 54, which engages in the recess 95 (FIG. 22) of the base arch 5. In this way, the modular element 2 is aligned with respect to the neighboring modular element 1 in such a way that the tie rods 32, 48 passing through these modular elements are exactly aligned with one another. In the area of the depressions 31, 46, the side surfaces are slightly recessed, so that in this area an open to the front 15, 42 or back 17, 50 of the support body 16, 43 remains when the modular elements with their corresponding side surfaces lie against each other. The gap is so wide that a wrench can be inserted to turn the nut 126. With it, the two bushings 116, 117 are connected to one another, wherein they are moved against the force of the compression springs 120, 121 on the tie rods 32, 48 in the direction of one another. The maximum displacement path of the bushes 116, 117 is reached when they lie against one another with their end faces and the nut 126 with its truncated cone-shaped base 127 bears against the edge region 125 of the bushing 117. The compression springs 120, 121 ensure a secure connection of the modular elements to one another. In the manner described, all of the modular elements 1 to 3 lying next to one another are connected to one another. Since the base arch 5, the base parts 9 and 12 of the modular elements 1 and 3 and the front door base 6 are provided with such tie rods, these modular elements are also connected to one another and braced in the same way. In this way, a continuous tension is achieved through the corresponding walls of the tiled stove, which is particularly firm Combination of the various modular elements of the tiled stove results.

FIG. 29 shows the bracing of different cover plates 7. They can have the same size, but also, as shown in FIG. 29, have different dimensions. The ends of the tie rods 111, which are provided crossing each other in each cover plate 7, are each connected to a nut 126 in the manner described with reference to FIG. 28. In this way, the cover plates can be easily aligned with each other. As a result of the tie rods 111 crossing each other, there is a stable connection of cover plates 7, so that the cover 14 formed from them (FIG. 1) has a very high stability.

30 shows that the cover plate 7 rests with its edge region on the shoulder 22 of the modular element 1. The cover plate 7 lies here with its outer side 113 on a rear side 131 of the upper cornice 8 of the modular element 1.

In the exemplary embodiment, the modular elements 3, which form the corner elements, are provided with such a shoulder 22, so that the cover 14 formed from the cover plates 7 rests securely in the corner regions of the tiled stove on the respective paragraphs 22 of the corresponding modular elements 1 and 3. Since the modular elements on the one hand and the cover plates 7 on the other hand are firmly clamped together, the cover can be 14 rest safely on paragraphs 22. Since the cover 14 lies loosely, it can easily be removed at any time if necessary.

The tubular door 10 (FIG. 1) is surrounded by the modular elements 2, the upper ends of the modular elements 1 and 3 and by the ledge 4.

The front door 13 (FIG. 1) is surrounded by the modular elements 1 and 3, the front door base 6 and the ledge 4.

31 is constructed in such a way that it connects to a wall 179. The cover 14 formed from the cover plates 7 ^g extends up to the wall 179. The cover 14 covers an insulation 181 upwards, which on the wall 179. is applied and extends over the height of the tiled stove. ₃ 2 clearly shows the tie rods 111 passing through the cover plates 7, which are connected to one another in the manner described. In this way, the continuous tensioning of the cover 14 is achieved. The cover 14 is surrounded by the ledge 4. The tubular door 10, which is arranged on the modular elements 2, is located in a side wall of the tiled stove under the ledge 4. You have in execution game three tiles 42 arranged one above the other in a row. Depending on the size of the tile stove, the modular elements 2 can also have fewer or more tiles. The width of the modular elements 2 can also correspond to the width of a tile, but also only to the width of half a tile. Likewise, the modular element 2 can of course also have a width which corresponds to one and a half times the tile width, twice, two and a half times, and so on. The modular elements 2 sit on the base arch 5, in whose end-side recess 95 the modular elements engage with their projection 54.

As shown in FIG. 33, the modular elements 1 to 3 lying next to one another are provided with the continuous bracing which is formed by the interconnected tie rods. The bracing is also continuous in the area of the corner modular elements 3, since the tie rods 70 are bent at right angles.

Since the modular elements 1 and 3 are provided on their rear side near their upper end with the step 22 (FIGS. 3 and 30), the tiled stove can also be provided with a graduated design, as shown in FIG. 45. In this case, the modular elements above are placed on the paragraphs 22. The outer walls of the tiled stove are given a step-like design. It is also possible to support a horizontal plate, a grid or the like on the shoulders 22, so that the tiled stove can be provided with a seat, for example, at seat height. In this way, a wide range of variations in the design of the tiled stove is achieved.

The element construction described can also be used in prefabricated buildings, for example for the construction of partition elements such. _B. in the _{apartment building} . The element construction described can also be used, for example, to produce floors from individual modular elements, preferably in underfloor heating systems. When used in prefabricated buildings, the modular elements can have recesses to accommodate the most varied types of installations, fittings, etc.

Modular elements are described below, which are assembled to form modular elements, from which the element construction is then built in the manner described.

The modular element 196 according to FIGS. 35 to 37 can be used to form the side walls or the cover plate of the tiled stove. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the modular element 196 has approximately the size of a tile 197 which is provided on the outside 198 of the modular element. The inside 199 is provided with a part-circular recess 200 (FIG. 37) which extends over the entire height of the modular member 196. Near the two side walls 201, 202, the modular member 196 is penetrated by two recesses 203, 204 which open on the two end faces 205 and 206 of the modular member in recesses 207 and 208. 35 only the one recess 203 with the recesses 207 and 208 is shown. The recesses 203, 204 are approximately half the width of the side walls 201, 202. Centering openings 209 are provided in the end faces 205, 206, so that superimposed modular elements, which have such centering openings, can be easily positioned precisely against one another by means of centering pins. Instead of the recesses 203, 204, groove-like depressions or the like extending over the length of the side walls 201, 202 of the modular element 196 can also be provided.

The depressions 207, 208 are open to the side walls 201, 202 and to the end faces 205, 206.

The modular member 196 has on its upper, flat end face 205 near the outer or front side 198 a groove 210 which is continuous over the width. In the lower, flat end face 206 there is a web 211 projecting above it (FIG. 37), which also extends at the height of the groove 210 over the width of the modular member 196. Are the modular elements 196 placed on top of one another, they then engage with the web 211 in the groove 210 of the modular element located below each.

The side walls 201, 202 are provided with flat abutment surfaces 212, 213, with which horizontally adjacent modular elements 196 abut one another. Both stop surfaces 212, 213 are separated from one another by a groove 214, which can be used to hold pipe door frames. As can be seen in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, such tubular doors 10 can be provided on a side wall of the tiled stove, the frames of which engage in the grooves 214 of the modular elements 196. The stop surface 213 extends over more than half the thickness of the modular member 196 (FIG. 36) and up to the rear or inside 199. The stop surface 212 has an approximately trapezoidal outline and is considerably narrower than the stop surface 213. The stop surface 212 extends up to to the outside 198.

In Fig. 41, the modular member 196 is shown in perspective. The groove 210 in the flat upper end face 201, the rear recess 200, the centering openings 209, the stop surfaces 212, 213 and the groove 214 running between them can be clearly seen. Furthermore, the recesses 207 and 208 can be clearly seen in FIG. 41 , into which the recesses 203 open. The groove 214 in turn opens at both ends into a depression 215, 216 (FIGS. 36 and 41) provided in the side walls 201, 202, which extends up and down to the. End faces 205, 206 and extends forward to the outside 198 of the modular member 196. These recesses 215, 216 in the two side walls 201, 202 also extend into the region of the recesses 203, 204.

The modular element 196 can also have a natural stone cladding, concrete or another material instead of the tile. It is also possible to design the entire modular element itself as a tile. The rear recess 200 has the advantage that the modular link _. 196 has light weight. Nevertheless, the modular member 196 is sufficiently thick in the area of the side walls 201, 202 so that the recesses 203, 204 accommodated there only insignificantly weaken the modular member. Instead of the two recesses 203, 204, the modular element 196 can also have a recess lying halfway across. The rear recess 200 need not be rounded, but can have any other suitable outline.

38 to 40 show a further modular member 217, which is designed similarly to the modular member 196 according to FIGS. 35 to 37 and 41. The modular member 217 also has a cast-on ledge 218, which is pulled down over the outside 219 of the modular member (Fig. 39). Since the modular element 217 forms the upper end of a tiled stove, the recess 220 in the rear is closed upwards against the ledge 218 (FIGS. 38 to 40). In the lower, flat end face 221, the recess 208 is provided on each of the two side walls 222, 223, into each of which a recess 203, 204 opens. Both recesses penetrate the modular member 217 vertically. At the upper end, the recesses 203, 204 each open into a recess 224 (FIGS. 38 and 39) which is open in the direction of the side walls 222, 223. In each case a holding part 225 with an L-shaped cross section is inserted into the cutouts 224. The vertical leg 226 of the mounting part 225 in the installed position bears against a rear wall 227 of the cutouts 224 and has a bore 228 for it Drawbar 32 or 48 (Fig. 28). The bore 228, as shown in FIG. 39, has an angular cross section and is aligned with a recess 229 (FIG. 38) which penetrates the modular member 217 near the ledge 218 and through which the pull rod can be inserted. The recess 229 opens into the recess 224, not shown in the drawings, in the opposite side wall 222. The leg 230 of the holding part 225, which is horizontal in the installed position, has a threaded bore 231 and lies on a bearing surface 232 of the recess 224. The threaded bore 231 is aligned with the recesses 203 and 204. The rear wall 227 of the recess 224 and accordingly also the leg 226 of the holding part 225 have an essentially rectangular shape, their upper end being rounded off in a semicircle (FIG. 39). In the corner region of the mounting part is provided with a further threaded bore 233,225, the strength according _F. 38 is perpendicular to the bores 228, 230 lying at right angles to one another. A threaded bolt 234 (FIG. 39) can be screwed into the threaded bore 233, with which an angle piece 235 can be attached to the modular member 217. The angle piece 235 is inserted into a recess 236, which is provided in the rear 237 of the modular element and is also open to the corresponding side walls 222, 223. 38 shows only the one recess 236 in the region of the side wall 222. The recess 236 has a flat contact surface 238 for the vertical leg 239 of the angle piece 235. The contact surface 238 is recessed in the recess 236, which has a further flat surface 240 which is set back from the rear 237 (FIG. 39). The contact surface 238 and the surface 240 of the recesses 236 are parallel to the rear side 237. A recess 241 and 242 are provided in each case in the contact surface 238 and in the leg 239 of the angle piece 235 for the passage of the threaded bolt 234. The recess 241 in the modular member 217 extends to

Tapped hole. 233 of the holding part 225 lying next to the angle piece 235 (FIG. 39). The angle piece 235 is inserted into the recess 236 in such a way that its leg 239 lies against the contact surface 238. The angle piece 235 is then held in the recess 236 with the threaded bolt 234, which is screwed into the threaded bore 233 of the holding part 225. In the installed position, the horizontal leg 243 of the angle piece 235 protrudes over the rear side 237 of the modular element 217 and is provided with a threaded bore 244 on the projecting part.

In the case of a tiled stove, a cover plate can be supported on the protruding part of the leg 243. As a result, the modular member 217 does not require a step, as is required, for example, in the modular element 1 according to FIGS. 2 and 3. A modular element can also be placed on the projecting leg part, so that the tiled stove wall can have a step-like structure, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 45.

The modular member 217 is also provided with the centering openings 209 in the lower end face 245. The stop surface 212 in the side walls 222, 223 of the modular member 217 extends to the ledge 218 (FIG. 39), while at the lower end the stop surface 212 delimits the depression 216 which adjoins the depression 208.

49 shows a further modular element 246 designed as a base. It is provided on the two flat end faces 247 and 248 with the recesses 207 and 208, into which a recess 249 penetrating the modular element opens in the vertical direction. The depressions 207, 208 are of the same design as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 35 to 37 and 41. These depressions 207, 20 $ and the recesses 249 are in turn provided in the region of the two side walls of the modular member 246. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, the recess 249 can also be provided only half the width of the modular element. In the exemplary embodiment, the modular member 246 is penetrated by two recesses 250 running perpendicular to the recesses 249, which can accommodate the tie rods 32 and 48 (FIG. 28) with which adjacent modular elements consisting of modular elements can be braced against one another. According to the previous embodiments, these recesses 250 have an angular cross section and open into recesses 251 in the side walls of the modular element 246. Between the recesses 251, a rectangular recess 252 is provided in the side walls, which opens into the recess 249 and serves as an assembly opening, as is also shown in the following 48 is to be explained in more detail. In the end faces 247, 248, grooves 210 are also provided, into which the webs 211 (FIG. 36) of adjacent modular elements can engage in the assembled position.

48 shows a possibility of clamping the modular elements 196, 217 and 246 together to form a modular element 253 one above the other. By means of the centering openings 209 and the centering pins 254 (FIG. 41) inserted into them as well as the grooves 210 and webs 211, the modular elements can easily be positioned precisely on top of each other. The recesses 203, 204, 249 of the modular elements are then flush with one another and form a continuous opening for receiving a pull rod 255. It is preferably designed as a threaded rod, but can also be provided with a thread only at the two ends. The pull rods 255 are then screwed with their upper end into the threaded bore 231 of the holding part 225 (FIGS. 38 and 48). The tie rods 255 are so long that they protrude with their lower end into the recess 252 of the modular member 246 (Fig. 48 and 49). A compression spring 256 is pushed onto this tie rod end and held with a nut 257 which is screwed onto the lower tie rod end. With an appropriate key, the nut 257 can be screwed onto the pull rod 255 until the modular members 217, 196, 246 which are seated one above the other are sufficiently firmly clamped together. The compression spring 256 is supported on a stop 286, which is formed by the upper boundary wall of the recess 252. The difference in the thermal expansion between modular elements 196, 217, 246 and the tensioning device is absorbed in the vertical direction by the compression springs 256. This ensures an approximately constant preload of the modular elements for each operating state of the element construction. Since several such tensioning devices are arranged over the height of the modular elements, the modular elements are simultaneously aligned with one another and simultaneously pretensioned uniformly over the element height. Since the cutouts 252 are open to the side walls of the modular member 246, the nuts 257 can be actuated easily. In the manner described, different modular elements can be assembled from the modular elements, so that differently designed modular elements 253 can be created depending on the requirements. The tie rods 255 can also in smaller tie rod sections are divided, which are connected by means of coupling pieces. These modular elements 253 can then be placed against one another and braced against one another by means of the tie rods 32, 48 in the manner described with reference to FIG. 28. These horizontal tie rods 32, 48 are inserted through the horizontal recesses 229, 250 of the modular elements 217, 246, which run perpendicular to the tie rods 255. These horizontal tie rods 32, 48 can already be provided permanently in the modular element or can only be inserted into the recesses before assembly. In any case, the modular elements are provided with the clamping devices before they are placed next to one another or inserted into the final installation position and do not protrude beyond the modular element in the axial direction. The difference in thermal expansion between modular elements 1 - 7, 253 and the tensioning device is absorbed in the horizontal direction by the compression spring 120, 121. This ensures an approximately constant preload of the modular elements for each operating state of the element construction. The bushing 116 (FIG. 38) is seated on the pull rod 32 and is supported on the stop part 122 with the interposition of the compression spring 120 in the manner already described.

The bushing 116 is then, as explained in detail with reference to FIG. 28, connected via the nut 126 to the bushing 117 seated on the pull rod 48, and in this way the modular elements 253 lying next to one another are horizontally clamped together. The nuts 126 are easily accessible even in the case of assembled modular elements 253, because the modular elements 196, 217, 246 in the side walls 201, 202; 222, 223 have the depressions 215, 216, 251, which extend to the front of the modular elements. The modular elements 253 lying one against the other thus have depressions in the region of their side walls lying against one another, through which recesses can be conveniently inserted Key to turn the nut 126 can be inserted. In this way, the tendons are clamped through the joints between neighboring modular elements. This has already been described in detail with reference to FIG. 28. With the described embodiment, it is also possible to insert the last modular element 253 into the gap between the wall that has already been erected and the wall of the building and to brace it horizontally with the wall that has already been installed.

The described modular elements 196, 217, 246 can be placed on one another in any arrangement and braced vertically by means of the tie rods 255. Since the recesses 207, 208, into which the recesses for the tie rods 255 open, are open to the side walls of the modular members, the nuts 257 which are screwed onto the tie rods 255 can, depending on the length of the tie rods in the different recesses 207, 208 of the corresponding modular elements are located and can then be easily actuated using an appropriate key.

42 shows a possibility of producing a wall construction from the modular elements according to FIGS. 35 to 41 and 49. This wall construction is a building facade that can be assembled from the same modular members 196. This building facade has supports 258 which are formed from stacked modular members 196 which are braced in the vertical direction in the manner described by means of the tie rods 255 (not shown). The building facade also has balustrades 259, which are formed by horizontally adjacent modular elements 196. They are braced horizontally to one another and to the supports 258 by means of the tie rods 32, 48. This horizontal bracing is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 28. The two middle supports 258 are finally through formed side by side and superimposed modular elements 196, wherein the adjacent modular elements can also be horizontally braced together. In any case, the superimposed modular elements are braced together in the vertical direction by the tie rods 255.

43 shows an enlarged view of one of the supports 258, which is formed from the modular members 196 placed one above the other, which are braced vertically to one another. In addition, part of the parapet 259 and part of the wall located between adjacent supports is shown, which is also formed from the modular members 196. On the back of these modular elements 196 to the blocks 258 and / or the parapets 259 and / or the wall located between adjacent supports, these modular elements can be attached to cuboids. In FIG. 43, the hatching indicates a cladding which is connected to the supporting structure lying behind it to form a modular element or element. The advantage of this training is that the cladding can be erected simultaneously with the construction, so that subsequent scaffolding work can be omitted.

44 shows the horizontal bracing of three adjoining modular elements 196 and 261. The modular element 261 forms a corner element to which the two modular elements 196 lying at right angles to one another are connected. The horizontal bracing of these modular elements 196, 261 takes place in the same way as has been explained with reference to FIG. 33. Instead of the pull rod 70 bent at right angles in the corner element 261, two pull rods lying at right angles to one another can also be provided, which are connected to one another by a corresponding corner piece. This corner piece could already be present in the modular member 261, so that the corresponding tie rods can subsequently be inserted into corresponding recesses and screwed into this corner element.

If one thinks of the design shown in FIG. 44 rotated 90 ° clockwise, then the modular element 261 forms an upper ledge and the two modular elements 196 form the side wall and the cover plate of a tiled stove. The same design provided for the horizontal bracing can then also be used for the bracing in the vertical direction and for the bracing at the transition from the vertical to the horizontal.

The element construction according to FIGS. 42 and 43 can also be a ceiling construction, in which case the supports 258 form carriers of the ceiling construction and are arranged lying down. The parapets 259 can then form a ceiling formwork. Finally, columns or frames can also be provided instead of the supports 258. As further shown in FIGS. 42 and 43, the modular elements form a system which is closed in every direction, ie upwards, downwards and laterally.

FIG. 45 shows a tiled stove assembled from the modular elements described, the individual parts of which are shown in FIG. 46. The tiled stove has a step-like structure with a base part 262, a middle part 263 and an upper part 264. The base part 262 is essentially formed from the modular members 217 according to FIGS. 38 to 40, which are braced horizontally against one another. In one front there is also a base arch 265 which (not shown) has horizontal through openings for the tie rods 32, 48, so that it is in the same way as the modular members 217 can be braced horizontally with the other modular elements. The modular elements 217 of the base part 262 are each provided with the angle pieces 235, which protrude beyond the rear 237 with their horizontal legs 243 (FIG. 39). On these legs 243 cover plates 266 are supported, which are firmly connected to the modular members 217 by means of threaded bolts or the like (not shown) which are screwed into the threaded bores 244 of the legs 243 of the angle pieces 235. Further modular elements 267 are arranged behind the modular elements 217 of the base part 262 and have the same height as the modular elements 217. They are designed essentially the same as the modular members 196, but longer than this. These modular elements 267 are also horizontally braced next to one another. You serve. at the same time as a support for the modular elements 196 of the central part 263. The modular elements 217 are on these modular elements 196. The modular elements 267, 196 and 217 are assembled in the manner described by the vertical bracing to form individual modular elements which are then horizontally braced with one another.

The modular elements 217 of the central part 263 are in turn provided on the back with the angle pieces 235, on the rear projecting legs 243 compensation pieces 268 are fastened with threaded bolts or the like. They have the same layout as the modular elements 196 of the upper part 264 sitting on them. In the exemplary embodiment, the compensating pieces 268 are only present in the area of the corners of the central part 263, because the modular elements 196 lying above are horizontally clamped together. For this reason, no separate compensating pieces are required for the modular elements 196 located in the area between the compensating pieces 268 to be provided. The compensating pieces 268 are so high that their upper side lies flush with the upper end face 205 of the modular elements 196.

The upper part 264 has the horizontally adjacent modular elements 196, which are braced vertically to modular elements in the manner described, with the modular elements 217 located above them and in the corner area also with the compensating pieces 268. The individual modular elements are then horizontally braced side by side in the manner described. There is also a tubular door 269 between the modular members 217 of the upper part 264.

The modular elements 217 of the upper part 264 have the angle pieces 235 (FIG. 47), on which the edge-side cover plates 266 are supported and fastened. They are designed in the same way as the cover plates 266 of the base part 262. The cover plates 266 of the upper part 264 are clamped together in one direction by the tensioning elements according to FIG. 28 and clamped in the other direction with the tie rods to the modular elements.

The tiled stove described consists of only a few different modular elements and can be easily erected. With the modular elements, tiled stoves can be produced in a wide variety of shapes. As a result of the tension in the vertical and horizontal directions, the tiled stoves are very stable.

Fig. 47 shows a ckkachelofen _E, which is built from the modular members 196, 267, 217, 261,287,289, 270 and the base sheets 274th The _B aukastenglieder 270 are basically the same design as the modular elements 267, but only half as wide. The Modular members 271 basically have the same structure as the modular members 196, but are again only about half as wide as this. The same also applies to the modular elements 272, which are essentially of the same design as the modular elements 217, but only have half their width. Above the tubular door 10 and the front door 13 are the modular elements 273 which form the ledge lintel and are horizontally braced with the adjacent modular members 217. In this tiled stove, too, the modular elements sitting one above the other are initially braced vertically, thereby forming modular elements. They are then placed side by side and braced horizontally in the manner described. In this embodiment, too, only a few different modular elements are necessary to erect the tiled stove. Due to the small number of different modular elements, the storage is simplified and cheaper. The production is also inexpensive, since only a few molds are required for the modular elements for the production.

The modular member 246, which forms a base, can e.g. be a potted element, which is preferably made of fireclay material. On the outside, for. B. a plaster layer 275 (Fig. 49) may be provided.

45 to 47, the base bend 265, 274 is formed in one piece. The base arch can, however, advantageously also be composed of a plurality of modular elements, so that two-, three- or four-tile modular elements are created.

The same also applies to the modular elements 273, which are formed in one piece according to FIG. 48. These modular elements 273 can advantageously also be assembled from modular elements to form modular elements which, like the base arch, can then be braced with a pull rod.

50 and 51 show a tiled stove which is designed as a combined basic and convection stove. The tiled stove has a combustion chamber 276 which is delimited against the outer wall 277 of the tiled stove by two overlapping wall parts 278, 279, which extend over the entire width of the combustion chamber. The wall part 278 stands vertically on a floor 280 of the combustion chamber 276, while the wall part 279 projects vertically downwards from a ceiling part 281. It lies at a distance below the cover 282 of the tiled stove. The wall parts 278, 279 together with the outer wall 277 form a meandering exhaust duct 283. The exhaust gases flow out of the combustion chamber 276 in the direction of the arrow 284 drawn with a solid line through the exhaust duct 283. The wall part 279 is connected to the rear sides of the modular elements (FIG. 51), so that the recesses 200, 220 in the rear of the modular elements together with the part 279 form channels running along the inside of the outer wall 277 through which the exhaust gases flow upwards. The wall part 279 ends at a distance from the floor 280, so that the exhaust gases can reach all of the depressions 200 and 220, respectively. The cover part 281 forms, together with the cover 282, a horizontal exhaust gas duct 285, into which exhaust gases flowing upwards pass from the ducts 200, 220. The exhaust gases then enter the exhaust pipe 285 into an exhaust pipe (not shown). The wall part 279, which can be provided on all inner sides of the tiled stove, can, for. B. consist of chamotte, sheet metal or the like. The exhaust gases flowing through channels 200, 220 and 285 heat the interior The room air can enter the tiled stove from below. It heats up on the inside of the tile wall and emerges from the tile stove in the upper region, as is indicated by broken lines in FIGS. 51 and 52.

Element constructions can be erected using the modular elements described. With these modular elements, buildings of any kind can be created, e.g. Buildings, but also furniture, machines, housings or the like. The modular elements themselves can consist of all conceivable materials, e.g. from potting compound, from wood, stone, metal, chamotte or the like. If the modular elements are used for tiled stoves, then they can also be formed from tiled granules into whole tiles.

Claims (30)

1. A method for erecting and / or disassembling element structures, in particular wall and / or ceiling structures, preferably for use in prefabricated buildings and for tiled stoves, in which prefabricated modular elements are placed next to one another and can be clamped together with tensioning devices which lie within the modular elements and have tendons , which are connected to form a bracing by coupling pieces which brace the tendons, characterized in that each modular element (1-7, 253) with the tendons (32, 48; 116, 117; 120, 121; 122, 123; 37 , 65, 70, 90, 101, 108, 111) and then placed in its final installation position, that the inserted modular element is then moved by the tendons (32, 48; 116,) without displacing the used modular element and / or the already constructed element construction. 117; 120, 121; 122, 123; 37, 65, 70, 90, 101, 108, 111) and the coupling pieces (126) so braced w ird that when one of the modular elements (1-7, 253) is subjected to tensile and / or tensile stress, the tensile and / or shrinking forces are transmitted exclusively via the tendons, and that at least one of the modular elements is used as a closing element, i.e. as the last modular element to be used with the corresponding clamping device can be inserted into the element construction, the remaining opening, viewed in the direction of insertion, having the dimensions of this modular element. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each modular element can be removed at any point within the element construction by loosening the coupling pieces (126) or braced after insertion without the surrounding modular elements having to be changed or moved. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the modular element (1-7, 253) can be inserted into the opening from any direction. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the modular elements (1-7, 253) are adjusted via the clamping device. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the difference in thermal expansion between the modular element - (1-7, 253) and clamping device is recorded by the clamping device. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that any modular element (1-7, 253) can be used as a closing element. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tendons are braced through the joints between adjacent modular elements (1-7, 253). 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the modular elements (253) from individual modular elements (196, 217, 246) are assembled. 9. Element construction, in particular wall and / or ceiling constructions, preferably for use in prefabricated buildings and for tiled stoves, for use in the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, of prefabricated and stacked modular elements that can be clamped together by clamping devices lying within the modular elements, the Have tendons which are connected to form a bracing by coupling pieces which brace the tendons, characterized in that the tendons (32, 37; 48; 65, 70; 90; 101; 108; 111) the modular elements (1-7, 253) already in the preassembled state that the length of the tendon is at most equal to the corresponding length of the modular element, and that the tendons are connected to each other by the coupling pieces (126) in such a way that the tensioning device (tendons and coupling pieces) shrinks or expands the material as well as tensile forces on neighboring modular elements act, takes up, and that the dimensions of the modular element including the tendon corresponds to the dimensions of the respective installation opening. 10. Element construction according to claim 9, characterized in that each modular element (1-7, 253) can be removed at any point within the element construction by loosening the coupling pieces (126) or clamped after insertion, without the surrounding modular elements being changed or moved Need to become. 11. Element construction according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the modular elements (1-7, 253) are adjustable via the clamping device. 12. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the difference in thermal expansion between the modular element (1-7, 253) and the clamping device can be accommodated by the clamping device. 13. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the tendons through the joints preferably through the joint axis between adjacent modular elements (1-7, 253) can be prestressed, preferably prestressed. 14. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the tendons are mounted in the area outside the coupling with assembled modular elements in the area. 15. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 14, in which the tendons are connected to one another by coupling pieces, characterized in that on the ends of the tendons (32, 37; 48; 65, 70; 90; 101; 108; 111) counter-coupling elements (116, 117) which are displaceable against spring force and which can be connected to one another by the coupling elements (126) and are designed as sleeves, which receive springs (120, 121) surrounding the tendon, which are located on a base (118, 119) of the sleeves (116, 117) and on a stop (122, 123) of the tendon ends. 16. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the ends of the tendons (32, 37, 48; 65, 70; 90; 101; 108; 111) in recesses (30, 31, 35, 36; 46, 47; 63, 64, 66, 67; 91, 92; 99; 107; 112) in the side walls (28, 29, 33, 34; 44, 45; 60, 61 , 68, 69; 96, 97; 103, 104; 113) of the modular elements (1-7, 253). 17. Element construction according to claim 16, characterized in that the modular elements (1-7, 253) in the area outside the recesses (30, 31, 35, 36; 46, 47; 63, 64, 66, 67; 91, 92; 99; 107, 112) with their side walls (28, 29, 33, 34; 44, 45; 60, 61, 68, 69; 96, 97; 103, 104; 113). 18. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the tendons (111) of one of the modular elements (7) are arranged crossing one another. 19. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that the tendon (65, 70) in a corner element designed as a corner element (3) having two mutually angled side walls for connection to angled other modular elements, angled runs. 20. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that at least some of the modular elements (1, 3) are integrally formed with a base part (9, 12). 21. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 20, characterized in that at least some of the modular elements (1-3) are provided on the back with a support surface (22), can be placed on the modular elements. 22. Element construction according to one of claims 9 to 21, characterized in that one of the modular elements (2) on its lower end face (53) has at least one form-locking part (54), preferably a projection, the at least one counter-form-locking part (95), preferably a recess is assigned in an upper end face (94) of an adjacent modular element (5). 23. Element construction, in particular wall and / or ceiling construction, preferably for use in prefabricated construction and for tiled stoves, from prefabricated and stacked modular elements which can be clamped together by clamping devices lying within the modular elements, which have tendons which are connected to form a bracing by coupling pieces , which clamp the tendons, in particular according to one of claims 9 to 22, characterized in that the modular element (253) is formed by at least two modular elements (196, 217, 246) which are traversed by a pull rod (255) which is provided with one end is connected to a holding part (225) in one of the modular elements (217) and is supported and preferably pretensioned with a tensioning element (257) with the interposition of at least one compression spring (256) on a stop (286) of one of the modular elements (246) . 24. Element construction according to claim 23, characterized in that the holding part (225) in a from the front and / or back of the modular member (217, 196, 246) accessible recess (224) of the side wall (222, 223) of the modular member lies. 25. Element construction according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the holding part (225) has a threaded bore (231) into which one end of the pull rod (255) can be screwed. 26. Element construction according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the clamping element (257) lies in an outwardly open recess (252), one wall of which preferably forms the stop (286). 27. Element construction according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that the modular element (217) on its rear side ( ^* 237) is provided with at least one support (235) which is preferably fastened in a recess (236) of the modular element and protrudes over the back. 28. Element construction according to claim 27, characterized in that the support (235) on the adjacent bracket part (225) of the modular member (217) is attached. 29. Element construction, in particular wall and / or ceiling construction, for use in the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, of prefabricated and stacked modular elements that can be clamped together by clamping devices, and with a combustion chamber, characterized in that the combustion chamber (276) extends from at least one exhaust gas duct (283) which runs at least over part of its length along at least part of the inside of one side (277) of the element construction. 30. Element construction according to claim 29, characterized in that the exhaust duct (283) through one on the back of the modular elements provided recess (200, 220) and a wall part (279) connected to the rear of the modular elements.

Images