EP0927796B1 - Form panel and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The sheathing plate has an outside and an inside for filling with liquid concrete. It has an upper and a lower longitudinal edge and two face edges, with parallel running channels (6) or accommodations to the face edges for insertion of a leg of a retention stirrup or connecting device. The channels or connecting device accommodation has upper and lower apertures.

Description

The invention relates to a formwork panel and a use the formwork panel with the in the preamble of claims 1 and 8 specified features.

Formwork for concreting work is usually made from formwork boards assembled, which are attached to struts, which in turn on already completed parts of the relevant Be attached to the building, for example with wall plugs, Threaded rods and nuts. After the casting work is finished these struts are then removed and the formwork boards knocked off the cast concrete part. In particular when pouring floor slabs, formwork is involved The appropriate security measures are often required to a considerable extent for construction workers. Is too attaching and detaching the struts and knocking off the formwork boards are time consuming and therefore expensive and last but not least, accidental. Large formwork panels are also used with dimensions of the order of 2 m wide and 3 m Height in use that can only be handled by crane and their orientation and fixation at the place of use just like you later removal is expensive. Also, their storage requires a lot of space when not in use and is therefore expensive.

A formwork element is known from CH 668 797 A5 consists of several right-angled irons, which are connected by means of cross struts are interconnected, with this basic construction a plate of thermal insulation material connected is used as face formwork for a floor slab should, namely for the formation of degrees, separations or Connections of the reinforced floor slabs to be concreted opposite or with other components, preferably for connection a floor slab on a two-layer masonry or also in the support area of the floor slab on one Retaining wall, with the insulation plate as a spacer acts to form an expansion joint. A variety of holding elements between the insulation plate and the mentioned basic. construction should act on the insulation plate Transfer compressive forces to the iron structure. The insulation panels are metal fiber boards or foamed Plastic insulation plates.

From US-1,890,532 is a building board for creating Walls with or without filling known. The plate consists of cheap, organic, fibrous material and instructs one side surface semi-cylindrical recordings with holes on, in the spacer wires to fix two spaced plates can be inserted. The semi-cylindrical images are completely above the Surface of the plate and have no stiffening Effect on. Because the panels used to create walls serve, there are no physical characteristics which reveal a connection to a foundation. Let too the disclosed connecting wires are not as Use lanyards for the foundation.

The invention has for its object a formwork panel for the creation of slab edge formwork, which has a higher rigidity with a small thickness as the known formwork panels.

This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1 solved. Developments of the invention are in Use claim 8 and characterized in the subclaims.

The formwork panels or elements, or panels for short, preformed hard plates with the plug connections, over the they are connected to the brackets anchored to the structure allow simple, time-saving and clean installation the formwork without the panels, e.g. Shuttering boards, need to be nailed or chocked down. The similarity is also favorable the material character of the plates according to the invention and of the other building materials used for plastering. The invention Hardboards can be inexpensive and with relatively little Weight can be produced, for example from fiber concrete, brick mass (Clay plates) or enough rigid plastic materials, so that they are easy to handle and despite their only one-time use, since they remain on the building, from Price ago are cheap if you consider the reduced workload considered in their use.

In the context of the invention, the plate-shaped formwork elements in different ways so that the preferably parallel receptacles or channels for the bracket be formed. For example, there is one possibility in it, bent profiled sheets or grids into the mass of the Form sheet material so that wall or bead-like Projections with, for example, a V or U-shaped profile stick out on one side of the hardboard and with openings for Recording the legs of the bracket are provided with the help whose they are fixed in the desired position. These profiles can be bent from perforated metal strips, for example, preference is given to round holes which are plugged in enable the bracket in different orientations. Appropriately choose the profile of the beads so that in the bracket-like profile interior, the holding brackets also on the side be plugged in, for example, the forehead formwork Wall to form. The profiles can be used individually or as contiguous profile strips molded into the board mass be, depending on the manufacturing convenience or Pricing. Preferably one sees two profile rails per plate before the at a certain distance from the edge of the plate Protrude plate surface and parallel to these plate edges run. With larger panel heights, several profile rails can also be used be provided.

The holes of the two rails are aligned, so that the plate easily on the free leg of a L-shaped bracket can slide on. The rail with The mounting holes for the L-legs can also be made by individual angled edge areas of a sheet are formed, the protrude from the surface of the plate, while the remaining ones stand in between Edge areas of the sheet in the plate mass be embedded. The embedded sheet metal area is preferred also punched between these edges to make a better one Ensure pouring into the slab mass. Form these holes can suitably the circumferential profile of threaded sleeves be adapted, which are later optionally cast in can be: you only need the plate material punch through the hole in question to insert the sleeve and being able to clamp

There are many options for the special design of the rails; it is important that they have receptacles for the bracket result. If you look at the edges embedded in the plate the profile strip does not run to the edge of the panel, you can easily get the plates to a desired one if necessary Cut the height or, after pouring a blanket, the excess Knock off part to make adjustments at the construction site.

The receptacles for the legs of the bracket can also as channels open or closed within the plate surface of the hardboards run with open channels e.g. are partially covered or bridged by webs or only a narrow opening slot of less width than the profile width to have. The plates can also be double-walled and are continuous inside from top to bottom have parallel channels of suitable cross-sectional profile, for example Square or rectangular profile, triangular profile, T profile, L-profile or preferably round profile, just a few name possible profile shapes. A certain clamping effect to achieve, the channels can have a slightly variable cross section have, i.e. narrow slightly in sections. In this way, a loose fit of the plates can be avoided.

The bracket can also be in different shapes be trained, depending on what type of formwork in individual cases. For example, they can can be bent or assembled from profile bars. For one Slab edge formwork is suitable e.g. L-shaped bracket, one leg being horizontal and e.g. in more usual Is nailed to the ceiling formwork during the other legs are perpendicular and when the plates of be pushed on top, in their recordings, until the plate, in the case of double-shell plates, the outer one, sits at the bottom and results in a tight seal for the cast concrete.

The legs of the bracket to be attached to the base are provided with the usual nail holes that are formed on Spacers also push these through. An additional Nail hole near the vertex allows an improved one Fixing the bracket and thus the plate when pouring cantilevered balcony floors to ensure a safe To guarantee closure at the lower edge. You can see in the upper one Area of the free L-leg a transverse nail hole or more in different heights to compensate for tolerances before, you can use an attached formwork panel one inserted through this leg above its receptacle Secure the nail additionally. The bracket can conveniently for strength and cost reasons from iron profiles getting produced. U-profiles are particularly suitable, whereby the part to be nailed with the open profile side down points and the nail holes in the connection area between the U-legs of the profile are provided. The U-profile is at least with the legs that get into the recordings of the plates matched to the cross-section of the images, i.e. rectangular The width and height of the U correspond to the edge lengths of the rectangle, in the case of round recordings, the diameter chosen so that the leg profile fits straight into it.

In order to obtain a sufficiently tight seal at the lower end of the formwork panels according to the invention, in the case of double-walled panels, the inner wall can end a little in front of the outer wall in order to expose the channels at least by the height of the legs of the mounting bracket including spacers, so that the outer wall extends down to sit on the underlying part of the building. In this area, the channel walls can then also be dispensed with. Instead of continuous channels closed with double-walled panels and open with single-walled panels, eyelet-like mounts are also conceivable, with at least two eyelets being aligned with one another such that a mounting bracket runs through them. The eyelets can be formed by cast-in metal profile parts or by integrally molded plate parts with corresponding openings, so that they can be pushed onto the free legs of the bracket to form a lost formwork.
The panels can be produced in suitable sizes, according to a desired grid dimension, so that they can be put together and on top of each other to form a complete formwork. It is also possible to provide corner elements made of two plates which are firmly connected at right angles to one another or of one-piece plates of the design according to the invention, to which flat plates then adjoin on both sides. According to the invention, the plates can also be curved, for example in the form of a circular arc, in order to be able to cast round parts, such as columns. Seals can be provided to connect abutting panels, or the panels can be provided with an engaging profile or counter-profile on opposite edges, so that they can be joined together by mutual engagement. In this way, a smooth finish of the visible outside of the formwork can be achieved, which can also be made decorative as a visible surface.

Within the scope of the invention there is also the possibility of plates to be designed as angle plates for slab edge formwork and one Holding plate in the form of an L-shaped plate extension at the bottom to be provided, which is attached directly to the base instead of doing this, for example, L-shaped mounting brackets to use. This is an advantage if the part to be poured through a plain bearing is to be separated from its base: In In this case, one can be found in the underside of the holding plate Provide a longitudinal recess to accommodate the plain bearing. Can not these holding plates directly on the Nail the pad, so there is an appropriate embodiment in providing engaging elements on the top of the holding plate, the one with the bracket then attacking there interact. So you can, for example, on the top of the holding plate form longitudinal grooves into which the Bracket in the form of fastening strips with retaining lugs intervene and fix these angle plates securely.

Another way of training the bracket consists of bending individual legs back in a U-shape in order to the possibilities of intervention in the recordings of the invention Enlarge plates. For example, one leg of an L-shaped Bracket U-shaped bent back parallel to itself to be hook-like with this bent-back part intervene in a receptacle of a formwork panel from above, if this shot is not accessible from below, such as in Case of a formwork panel with a retaining plate protruding below, that cannot be nailed directly to their base or no recesses for engaging retaining lugs Fastening strip.

Greater freedom of movement regarding the arrangement of the bracket you also get if you have the channels in the formwork panels trains round so that the bracket opposite the Plate can take different angles, the profile of the picked up leg does not have to be round, but with Edges or surfaces on the round profile of the receptacle, and has a firm hold in it.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention Plates where the openings of the channels are at a distance the long edges. This version enables a universal Using the plates and inserting the two in parallel Brackets connecting lying plates when on several sheets are already stacked on one side and connected to each other by connecting rods or pipes are. The connecting rods can be a few centimeters long be or extend over several plates. Preferably is the part of the connecting rods protruding into the channels made of plastic and with a roughened or grooved Provide surface after insertion into the Channels to ensure a play-free connection.

The strength of the panels and especially their flatness to ensure are a short distance from the surfaces reinforcement grid inserted, the main one Reinforcement runs in the longitudinal direction. The dimensional stability is further increased by a completely symmetrical arrangement of the Channels between the plate surfaces, i.e. the wall thicknesses between the channels and the plate surfaces are exact equal. The channels are preferably at very small intervals to each other. In a particularly advantageous embodiment the distances between the channels correspond to a channel diameter and the wall thickness between the channels to the Plate surfaces approximately the radius of the channels. As a reinforcement and reinforcement material are preferably glass fiber, Aramid fiber or steel nets inserted.

The formation, arrangement and dimensions of the channels form in Interact with the plate dimensions Panel rigidity increases disproportionately. A analog increase in strength can with the in the Rigid foam panels are cast-edged Sheets that cover both the bottom and top rows of holes include, be achieved.

Can on the plates offset with the bracket railing supports can be put on without tools and after completion the ceiling or wall - again without tools - removed become. The railing brackets are attached with clamping screws attached to the plates, with the tensioning screws either through recesses provided in the end faces of the plates and anchored to anchor plates on the back become. The anchor plates have a lead through the bore Sleeve on which the thread of the clamping screw protects against dirt from the concrete and also prevents it from flowing out prevented by concrete. The railing girders can each after execution both in the plane between two plates, in placed in the middle of panels and at the corner joints become. They serve at the junctures of the plates and at the corner joints of the panels as temporary templates the two colliding plates in the desired one Hold position until the backfilled concrete has hardened.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht für eine Deckenrandschalung unter Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsplatte;

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsplatte von der Betonierseite her gesehen;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Draufsicht eines Ausschnitts einer Eckschalung für eine Decke;

Fig. 4

eine Ansicht von oben auf eine Rundschalungsplatte;

Fig. 5

ein Beispiel für die Schalung einer quadratischen Säule unter Verwendung erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Winkelschalungsplatten;

Fig. 6a, 6b und 6c

Ansichten von Halterungsbügeln, wie sie für das in Fig. 5 veranschaulichte Ausführungsbeispiel verwendet werden können,

Fig. 7

verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele von Seitenprofilen zum Zusammenfügen benachbarter Schalungsplatten;

Fig. 8a, 8b und 8c

eine Obenansicht, eine Ansicht von innen und eine Seitenansicht einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsplatte mit offenen Kanälen;

Fig. 9

eine Schalungsplatte mit angeformter Halteplatte zur Befestigung an der Deckenschalung mit Hilfe eines die Haltungsplatte fixierenden Halterungsbügels;

Fig. 10

eine weitere Variante einer Schalungsplatte mit angeformter Halteplatte und speziell geformtem Halterungsbügels, der von oben in die Kanäle der Schalungsplatte eingreift;

Fig. 11

ein weiteres Beispiel zur Befestigung einer Schalungsplatte mit angeformter Halteplatte;

Fig. 12

einige Beispiele verschiedener Kanalquerschnitte offener Kanäle;

Fig. 13

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für einen aus U-Profil gebildeten Halterungsbügels;

Fig. 14

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsplatte unter Verwendung eines gestanzten und gebogenen Blechstreifens zur Bildung der Ausnehmungen;

Fig. 15

einen Querschnitt durch den Blechstreifen;

Fig. 16

ein Beispiel für die Anbringung eines Geländerwinkels;

Fig. 17

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht des Geländerwinkels;

Fig. 18

eine Zusammenfassung von Montagebeispielen gemäß weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung;

Fig. 19

eine Schalungsplatte mit einer kreuzweisen Anordnung von Aufnahmestreifen für die Halterungsbügel;

Fig. 20

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Aufnahmen der Steckverbindungen an den Halterungsbügeln und die Steckzapfen an den Platten vorgesehen sind.

Fig. 21

eine Schalungsplatte mit aufgesetztem Geländerträger und Geländerpfosten,

Fig. 22

eine Aufsicht auf winkelig versetzte Schalungsplatten als verlorene Deckenrandschalung oder als Mauer,

Fig. 23

einen Ankerteil für einen Eck-Geländerträger,

Fig. 24

eine Schalungsplatte mit aufgesetztem Geländerträger und Geländer,

Fig. 25

einen Querschnitt durch eine im Aufbau befindliche Schalung für eine umlaufende Mauer an einem Flachdach,

Fig. 26

einen h-förmigen Halterungsbügel,

Fig. 27

eine weitere Ausgestaltung für einen Querschnitt durch eine im Aufbau befindliche Schalung für eine umlaufende Mauer an einem Flachdach,

Fig. 27a

einen H-förmigen Halterungsbügel,

Fig. 28

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalungsplatte gemäss Figur 2 mit beidseitigem Absatz,

Fig. 29

eine Seitenansicht eines Distanzhalters,

Fig. 30

einen Grundriss des Distanzhalters in Figur 29,

Fig. 31

eine Seitenansicht eines Verbindungsstabes,

Fig. 32

einen Querschnitt durch den Verbindungsstab in Figur 31,

Fig. 33a

eine Seitenansicht eines Ankerteils und

Fig. 33b

eine Aufsicht auf den Ankerteil in Figur 33a.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of illustrations of some exemplary embodiments, which only show a part of the possibilities that the system according to the invention offers. It shows:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view for a ceiling edge formwork using a formwork panel according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a view of a formwork panel according to the invention seen from the concreting side;

Fig. 3

is a schematic plan view of a section of a corner formwork for a ceiling;

Fig. 4

a top view of a circular formwork panel;

Fig. 5

an example of the formwork of a square column using angle formwork panels designed according to the invention;

6a, 6b and 6c

Views of mounting brackets, such as can be used for the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5,

Fig. 7

different embodiments of side profiles for joining adjacent formwork panels;

8a, 8b and 8c

a top view, a view from the inside and a side view of a modified embodiment of the formwork panel according to the invention with open channels;

Fig. 9

a formwork panel with molded retaining plate for attachment to the slab formwork with the aid of a bracket bracket fixing the retaining plate;

Fig. 10

a further variant of a formwork panel with a molded-on holding plate and a specially shaped mounting bracket which engages in the channels of the formwork panel from above;

Fig. 11

another example for fastening a formwork panel with a molded retaining plate;

Fig. 12

some examples of different channel cross-sections of open channels;

Fig. 13

an embodiment of a bracket formed from a U-profile;

Fig. 14

a further embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention using a stamped and bent sheet metal strip to form the recesses;

Fig. 15

a cross section through the sheet metal strip;

Fig. 16

an example of attaching a railing bracket;

Fig. 17

a schematic perspective view of the railing angle;

Fig. 18

a summary of assembly examples according to further embodiments of the invention;

Fig. 19

a formwork panel with a crosswise arrangement of receiving strips for the bracket;

Fig. 20

a schematic cross section through an embodiment of the invention, in which the receptacles of the plug connections on the mounting brackets and the plug pins are provided on the plates.

Fig. 21

a formwork panel with a railing support and railing posts,

Fig. 22

a supervision of angled formwork panels as lost slab formwork or as a wall,

Fig. 23

an anchor part for a corner railing girder,

Fig. 24

a formwork panel with a railing girder and railing,

Fig. 25

a cross section through a formwork under construction for a surrounding wall on a flat roof,

Fig. 26

an H-shaped bracket,

Fig. 27

a further embodiment for a cross section through a formwork under construction for a surrounding wall on a flat roof,

Fig. 27a

an H-shaped bracket,

Fig. 28

2 shows a perspective view of the formwork panel according to FIG. 2 with a shoulder on both sides,

Fig. 29

a side view of a spacer,

Fig. 30

a plan view of the spacer in Figure 29,

Fig. 31

a side view of a connecting rod,

Fig. 32

3 shows a cross section through the connecting rod in FIG. 31,

Fig. 33a

a side view of an anchor part and

Fig. 33b

a view of the anchor part in Figure 33a.

In Fig. 1 you can see a formwork element in the form of a plate 2, here with the help of a bracket 4 as slab edge formwork is vertically mounted on the edge of a building. The Plate 2 is double-walled and vertical running channels 6 which are used as recordings for vertical Leg 8 formed here as an L-shaped angle Bracket 4 serve. The bracket 4 are about usual Spacer 10 (see. Fig. 29, 30) with nails 12 on the Ceiling formwork 14 nailed. Although the horizontal leg the bracket 4 itself at a distance from the slab formwork 14 is located, the plate 2 sits on the outer wall 16, as is still explained, and forms a tight seal with this, so that no concrete escapes when concreting the ceiling. If desired, a plain bearing can be provided, as in Connection with Fig. 9 will be explained. The plate 2 has expediently a rough one on the inside or wall 18 Surface so that the ceiling concrete adheres well here. On the Outside or wall 20, however, its surface is smooth and can serve as a visible surface. If a plaster is to be applied, so this outer surface can of course also be rough, so the plaster adheres better.

Fig. 2 shows the plate 2 from the roughened inner side. As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the inner wall 18 of the plate, as I said, not pulled down like her outer wall 20, so that the channels 6 are exposed below so far that the bracket 4 can be inserted with its outer leg, as illustrated in FIG. 1, and the plate with its Outer wall 20 sits on the outer wall 16 of the building.

If you want to provide external insulation for a slab formwork, so you attach bracket 4 to the formwork 14, that its vertical leg 8 compared to the representation in Fig. 1 is set back so far inwards that when attached Formwork panel 2 outside space for an insulating panel remains and this is easily applied and - for example by Glue - can be attached.

3 shows an arrangement of the formwork panels 2 on a corner of the building. Here is an angular one Plate 2a used on the corner, which is on both sides just connect plates 2, which - as in connection with Fig. 1 described - via L-shaped bracket 4 on the Ceiling formwork 14 are attached. The bracket 4 for the Angle plate 2a are crossed by two L-shaped brackets formed in one piece, so that a cross frame arises, like this Figure 3 illustrates. The angle plate 2a can be the same Way with their channels 6 on the vertical legs 8th the bracket 4 put on until they with their lower edge sits on the outer wall 16, as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for straight plates 2 is described. An execution as Round plate 2b is shown in FIG. 4 for the case of a 90 ° bend, for example for a round column. Of course, others can too Angles can be chosen in individual cases, and the rounding does not have to necessarily be circular, but can for example also oval or curved in another way.

Figure 6c illustrates for a variant with round channels 6a, as it also shows Fig. 5, bracket 4 with round vertical Legs 8a, so that the bracket 4 also obliquely to Surface of the plate 2 can run, which for reasons of space can sometimes be useful. However, it is not for this required that the legs 8a are also round, but they can have any shape in the round channels 6a is guided safely. So the cross section of the legs 8a also be square, as shown in FIG. 3, when the Diameter of the round channels 6a as large as the diagonal of the Square. An embodiment for a square Column formwork with round channels 6a in the formwork panels 2 can be found in Fig. 5. The angle plates 2a used here extend at their ends with inclined surfaces 9, so that two Angle plates 2a brought together to form a square formwork can be.

The bracket is here as a cross bracket 4a with four vertical Legs 8a formed, as shown in Figures 6a to 6c, so that each angle plate 2a is supported on two channels 6a is. Of course you can also the bracket 4 Execute six arms and then each angle plate 2a with three vertical legs 8a. In the same way round formwork panels 2 according to FIG. 4 with such cross or Hold star-shaped bracket 4, the arches of the curved formwork panels, for example, also extend over 180 ° can, so that the formwork from two instead of four 90 ° bends can be assembled. The cruciform bracket 4b is shown in a side view in FIG. 6a, wherein in addition to the middle nail 12 visible in FIG. 6a, there are others Nails in the star-shaped legs and spacers 10 are illustrated. For connecting the next higher boards intermediate brackets are used when placing on the lowest plates, an embodiment of which for the example just described is illustrated in Fig. 6b. With such a Intermediate bracket 4b follow its vertical legs 8a away from below so that they can be inserted from above into the already installed formwork panels 2 can be used instead of like the bottom one Bracket to be attached to the ceiling formwork 14. The second row of formwork panels 2 can then in the way described above on the vertical legs Put on 8b. 6c schematically shows a top view of the Bracket according to FIGS. 6a and 6b.

The formwork panels 2 can not only be in different shapes, but also made with different dimensions as it is for the respective application from the point of view the manageability is appropriate. Usually formwork is assembled from individual panels 2, the according to a modular system side by side and for Flat roof borders also arranged one above the other become. For sealing the side butt joints side by side located plates 2 against leakage of concrete can the side panel edges with suitable profiles and Counter profiles are formed which interlock. Some examples of this are illustrated in FIG. 7, wherein numerous other variants are possible. In this figure are also different cross sections for the channels 6 for the sake of example cited.

The formwork panels 2 are in this figure for the sake of illustration only very short - with only two channels 6 - drawn to accommodate a number of profile variations in the figure. A joint 24 is shown at the top left, at which two plates 2 immediately joined together with good dimensional accuracy are so that the butt joint is inherently tight, so as is the case with the lower edges of the plates 2. If this is not sufficient in practice, you can use the Butt joint a seal 26 between the two neighboring Insert plates 2.

A mutual profile intervention with profile and counter profile is illustrated as dovetail profile 28. Furthermore, a Semicircular profile 30 and a rectangular profile 32 shown. variants of the dovetail principle as a circular profile 34 are rectangular Profile 36 and half dovetail profile 38 shown. The angle profile 40 represents a simpler profile. It is obvious that countless profile shapes within the Invention the desired sealing purpose by mutual Fulfill the intervention without being illustrated here in detail become.

The channels 6, which run through the plates 2, can also as well as the legs 8 of the bracket bracket very different be shaped to the desired mounting of the formwork panels 2 to effect. In addition to the square ones already mentioned and round cross sections of channels 6 and 6a are shown in FIG. 7 a triangular cross section 6b and an angular or L cross section 6c, with numerous other cross-sectional shapes are possible within the scope of the invention. The vertical Legs 8 of the bracket 4 do not necessarily have to be said the same cross-sectional shape as the channels 6 have: For example, with a triangular channel cross section be round according to an inscribed circle or angular or U-shaped, being located on the triangular edges support the channel profile. The bracket 4 can also be formed from sheet metal profiles, for example from angle or U profiles, the individual legs then be bent or welded together in a suitable manner. An example of this will be explained later with reference to FIG. 14.

Just as numerous variants of the channel profiles come into question, the channels do not necessarily have to be closed Channels run inside the plates 2. The figures 8a, b and c illustrate an open arrangement Channels 42 in the form of groove-like depressions in the formwork panel Second

So that the vertical leg 8 of the bracket 4 in this Channels are held, the channels are with bridging bars 44 provided, which together with the channel grooves the recordings form for the legs 8 of the bracket. Here too the images do not need a square cross-section to have, as shown, but the cross-sectional shapes the channels thus formed can be as long as they are perform their task of receiving the bracket 4.

So that the legs of the bracket 4 reasonably firmly in their seats or channels 6 sit, you can see their cross section change something along its length, so that a Clamping effect for the legs 8 recorded by them results. The channels 6 can become too small towards their center taper to clamp the vertical legs 8. It understands themselves that such a rejuvenation is only relatively weak May so that the formwork panel 2 fully on the Leg 8 can be pushed until it with its lower End on the wall or on a plate underneath it sits or vice versa the leg 8 in the channel 6 completely can be pushed in if e.g. the bracket 4 be pre-assembled with the plates 2. In a variant for a firm seat of the formwork panel 2 on the bracket 4 the vertical leg 8 of the bracket 4 with lateral Barbs should be formed slightly over its outer surface protrude and in corresponding recesses in hook the channel wall. Such fixation options as well as with the help of a nail 130 in a transverse hole 72b of the Brackets allow pre-assembly of the bracket 4 in the plates 2, so that the latter is precisely aligned with the outer wall can be and only then the bracket 4 nailed the slab formwork or in any other suitable way be attached. Assemble the bracket 4 first and only then pushes the formwork panels 2 to their vertical Thigh, then an assembly jig would be useful so that Afterwards, plates 2 really sit exactly.

Fig. 9 shows a formwork panel 2 with a molded at right angles Holding plate 50 on the outer wall 16 and the Ceiling formwork 14 sits and a receiving groove 52 for below has a plain bearing 54 which between the ceiling to be cast and the outer wall 16 supporting this. The attachment on the ceiling formwork 14 is carried out with the help of a cranked bracket 4c, which engages with two lugs 58 in two grooves 56, which are formed in the top of the holding plate 50 are. The step height of the crank 60 is with regard to the Dimensioned the thickness of the holding plate 50 so that the bracket with its right part in the figure with the interposition of spacers not shown here on the ceiling formwork 14 can be nailed. Likewise, the mutual Distance of the lugs 58 and their distance from the offset 60 in accordance with the corresponding spacing of the grooves 56 and the edge of the holding plate 50 dimensioned. The plate 2 is again provided with channels 6 in the manner already explained, in which further bracket for a continuation the formwork can be used upwards.

Fig. 10 shows a further attachment option with a holding plate 50 provided formwork plate 2, in which the top of the holding plate 50 has no grooves. Instead is attached with a specially shaped Bracket 4d, which has a U-shaped angled end 62 engages in a channel 6 from above and is shown in FIG Embodiment according to the contour of plate 2 and Holding plate 50 runs and also like that with reference to FIG. 9 illustrated bracket 4c over a crank 60 for Ceiling formwork 14 runs. However, it is not essential required that the legs 64 and 66 under a right Angle in the manner shown according to the plate shape run, but they could also be through a single, diagonal extending leg 68 are replaced, as in the Figure is indicated by dashed lines. Because these thighs anyway their course is not critical. Nor it is necessary for the inner wall 18 of the plate 2 to be at the top is reset to expose channels 6 as it is for recording of the transverse leg 70 of the connecting web 4d is provided here , but the inner wall 18 can also reach the top edge the plate 2 run, as is the case in Fig. 9, so that the crossbar 70 runs over the top edge of the plate, if this does not bother you, for example in the event that another is scheduled Formwork panel, the inner wall 18 of which is then reset below is, as can be seen from Fig. 1. Because enough channels 6 are present, the connection of such a top attached plate with the help of other free channels 6 respectively.

Another mounting option one with an angled Holding plate 50 provided formwork plate 2 is in Fig. 11 illustrates. Here is the holding plate 50 of nail holes 72 interspersed, through which she immediately with nails 12 can be nailed to the ceiling formwork 14.

Fig. 12 illustrates a formwork panel 2 in which some Cross-sectional shapes of open channels are shown as examples are. A triangular channel 76 is illustrated on the left, the one at the tip of the triangle to the inner wall 18 of the Plate is open. In the middle is a rectangular channel 78 shown, which is open on the long side of the rectangle, and right An L-shaped channel 80 is shown, which is in the extension of an L-leg is open. Such open channels that with a slot 82 to the surface of the inner wall 18, result Another freedom of movement in the design of the bracket 4, which is then not on the top or bottom of the Plate 2, but with a corresponding to the slot width narrower part at any point from the plate 2 can step out. Furthermore, the shape of the plates is their manufacture easier if the forming the channels Mold cores not at their ends, but over their entire length can be held in the form.

A practicable design of a bracket 4 is shown in FIG. 13 using the example of an L-shaped bracket. Here it consists of U-shaped bars with one in the illustrated embodiment round U, which can, however, just as well be angular. One recognises without further ado that such a U-profile, depending on the dimensioning of the Height and width of the U adapted to numerous channel profiles can be that it sits sufficiently tight in channel 6. The two Legs of this L are either beveled at one end and welded together, or they can also, as shown, through Bending an initially stretched U-profile, if necessary with heating arise. Furthermore, at least the leg with nail holes 72 provided, e.g. via spacer 10 to a ceiling formwork to be nailed. Another nail hole 72a near the vertex of the L allows an additional Fixing the bracket 4 close to that on its vertical Leg 8 formwork panel 2 attached when concreting a balcony, the bottom plate of which is not on the outside of a wall seated. This allows gaps to form on the edge formwork prevent. One or more nail holes 72b in the vertical Legs allow the plate 2 to be fixed to the mounting bracket 4 using a nail 130 for both pre-assembly as well as for a firm hold when concreting (Fig. 18).

In addition to the L profile, other profile shapes are also possible, for example Trapezoidal or triangular shapes, semicircular or oval profiles, cross-shaped cross-sections etc., as it is for the Manufacturing is most convenient.

Another embodiment of the formwork panel according to the invention 2 is illustrated in FIG. 14, in which a die cut and bent sheet metal strip 94 in the formwork panel 2 is cast in and the receptacles or channels for the bracket 4 formed by cut-out recesses 96 that arise when the edges are bent into edge legs 100, with tabs 98 remaining. These tabs 98 as well Holes 102, 104 serve to anchor the metal strip when Pour into plate 2, holes 102 if desired, as illustrated on the left for holes 103, with a Contour can be formed so that they accept threaded dowels can later be used to attach a scaffold can.

Figure 15, which shows the sheet metal strip 94 in profile, the Holes 102 and 104 are indicated, illustrates a possible use the holes 104 for receiving a tube 106, e.g. a plastic pipe, which when concreting a ceiling is poured in, and then inserting a rod allowed for a railing. 15 is such a handrail 108 in h-shape indicated by dash-dotted lines, with a through posts 110 outside the plate 2 and protrudes into the tube 106 with an angle leg 112. The banister 108 is securely fixed in this way and gives one good hold and can be easily pulled out after use be removed from the tube 106 again. Another Attachment possibility for a railing is illustrated in Fig. 16. A railing bracket 114 is used there, which here has the shape of an L with an extension 116 on the short leg, with which he the lower edge leg 100 of the metal strip 94 embraces. The railing bracket engages with angled tabs 115 into the openings or recesses of the edge leg 100 16 as shown in FIG. The tabs can e.g. under education an opening 117 are cut out, through which then a railing strut 112 can be inserted. You can see it underneath a further opening 119, a bracket can also be used 4 protrude from below through both openings. The railing angle 114 runs around the bottom of the plate 2 and projects with his longer leg 118 out of the masonry. In this outstanding Part is in the example shown here a slot 120 for inserting a wedge-shaped nose, with which is a railing support, not shown here fixed in slot 120. However, the leg 118 also with other connecting elements for a railing support be provided. An expedient predetermined breaking point X allows the protruding from the masonry to break away Part of the leg 118 when it is no longer needed becomes.

The metal strips 94 also allow assembly without further notice of formwork panels at an angle, then corresponding Elbow pieces made of sheet metal or flat iron on the edge legs 100 of the sheet metal strips 94 attached, e.g. screwed or can be welded so that the plates 2 a desired Form angles with each other and as prepared contra-angles can be used for building corners.

In Fig. 15 is the height h between the lower edge leg 100 and the end of the plate 2, this being Measure by the height of the legs of the bracket 4, with which this is nailed to the ceiling formwork 14, and the Height of the spacer 10 is given, that is at least the height of the exposed part of the channels 6 according to FIGS. 2 and 28 corresponds so that the plate 2 on the one below Masonry sits on. The corresponding height between the top Edge leg 100 and the upper end of the plate 2 is in principle not critical, but it will be useful, too Choose height equal to h, so that when mounting the panels 2 not for differences between top 7 or bottom edge 3 the plate 2 must pay attention.

Figure 18 shows a combination of a number of Possibility of connecting formwork panels 2 and mounting brackets 4. The formwork panels 2 are parallel to theirs here Edges 3.7 extending rails 122 provided in the illustrated Embodiment a V-like profile with from have profile leg ends 126 projecting from the center of the profile, with which they are embedded in the formwork panels 2. to These profile leg ends are better anchoring in plate 2 provided with openings 124 which e.g. also for recording of threaded dowels can be designed as it is for holes 103 is illustrated in FIG. 14. At the rear Plate in Fig. 18 is the possibility in dashed lines the formation of the profiled sheet indicated as a part, and in this case holes 103 may e.g. in prepared Form are provided, which, if necessary, for inserting threaded anchors be knocked out. The formwork panel 2 protruding profile parts of the rails 122 are shown in the Embodiment approximately V-shaped, but can also be U-shaped or with another suitable profile be so that recesses 128 featured in their profile legs can be seen cursing each other around a thigh 8 to be able to accommodate the bracket 4.

The profile parts protruding from the plate 2 can, if desired also be just strips, similar to that shown in Fig. 14 is illustrated instead of being bent back at an edge and to be anchored on both sides in the plate material. An example FIG. 19 illustrates where plate 2 Strips 132a, b are embedded, in which the recesses 128 are provided. The horizontal strips 132a are here with strips 132b running perpendicular to it, arranged in a lattice shape and not only allow the insertion of holding brackets from above and below, but also from the sides, so that the Possibilities of assembly and use of the formwork panels 2 still to be expanded. The strip grid can e.g. by plugging them together of the individual, each slit transversely Strips are prefabricated and then when pouring the plate 2 be molded.

Various designs are within the scope of the invention possible. It is important that the formwork panels 2 in any Leave combinations on the bracket 4 and through this in the desired position for concreting be held. The recesses 128 are preferred round holes 6 in which the legs 8 of the bracket 4 with so Little play can be added as is for exact positioning the formwork panels 2 is required. circular Recesses 128 also allow orientations other than right angles the bracket 4 to the formwork panels 2. It may also be sufficient, only 2 per formwork panel to provide a rail 122 or a strip then preferably runs in the middle, but result in two or more rails or strips a more precise positioning and Fixing the formwork panels 2.

In Fig. 18 only one bracket 4 is illustrated, which with nails 12 using not shown here Spacers 10 attached to a ceiling formwork 14 is. With the help of a relatively close to the apex of the L-shaped Bracket 4 provided nail hole 72a can be an additional fixation of the bracket 4 close to the Provide formwork panel 2, such as when concreting balcony slabs is desirable to prevent gaps at the bottom edge to prevent the formwork panel 2.

Furthermore, fixing nails 130 are illustrated in the figure, which nail holes 72b in the leg 8 of the bracket enforce on which the formwork panels 2 with their Rails or channels can be attached. Secure the fixing nails these connectors in addition to the formwork panels 2 cannot be lifted off when concreting. Such Securing can also be done by structuring the edges 5, for example in the form of sawtooth-like serrations as in the left edge or crenellated projections and recesses, such as the right edge of the leg 8 of the rear bracket 4 is indicated. Other edge designs are also used as a fixing structure as possible as snapping, clickable or screwable locks provided they have the legs in the receptacles hold firmly or positively. 18 is an H-shaped bracket 46 drawn by the opposite side as the bracket 4 in the Recesses 128 is inserted and a further placement Formwork panels 2 allowed on the lower formwork panels 2, such as it is used to form a wall of greater height than only one formwork panel 2 is necessary. The one above second level of formwork panels 2 is indicated in Figure 20.

In the case of ceiling edge formwork for ceilings of different thicknesses with as few different plate heights as possible it is appropriate to at least one of the rails or strips Do not place the panel side too close to the edge of the panel to be able to cut a piece off the edge for a thinner blanket. A notch or groove can be used as a mark at the separation point provide for cutting off or, if necessary, knocking off, with a 25 cm high plate e.g. 5 cm from the edge would, in order to be able to form a ceiling of 20 cm without to have an own plate size in stock.

Figure 20 illustrates a variant of the invention in which embedded in the plate 2 here U-shaped bracket 134 are with their outside of the plate 2 Leg 136 by two on the leg 8 of the bracket 4 attached eyelets 138 is inserted and in this way on the bracket 4 are fixed, in the manner described above - with the help of spacers 10 and nails 5 - attached to the slab formwork is. A dashed line is a variant in which the leg 8 of the bracket 4 with a continuous Channel 140 is formed, in which in this case with 136a designated legs of the bracket 134 are inserted can, with a fixation of those explained with reference to FIG. 18 Art through appropriate structuring of the surface or edges of the leg 136 can be provided. The leg 8 of the Bracket 4 can be, for example, tubular with a continuous channel 140 may be formed so that one leg 136 can be inserted from both sides, for example can, as in the embodiment with the eyes 138 of the Case is. Another variant for the suspension bracket 134 exists in two (or possibly more) individual, hooks pointing up or down for hanging in the eyelets 138 to anchor to plate 2, but what in the drawing is not specifically shown. Such single hooks can expediently also as a double-sided hook - like a lying T - be designed so that they can be in the eyelets from above or below 138 can be introduced. On the tubular leg 8 the bracket 4, the other leg, for example be welded, or the bracket 4 is a total of one Tube bent, as is shown in FIG. 13 for a bracket is explained with a U-shaped cross section.

In Figure 21, the bracket 4 is on the formwork 14 fastened with three nails 12 and carries the plate at its end 2. Its lower edge 3 is at a distance from the surface 5 of the outer wall 16. The distance between the surface 5 and the lower edge 3 results from a structural inaccuracy; this is due to the precisely positioned plate 2 now balanced. The lower edge 3 lies exactly in the plane the ceiling formwork 14 and the upper edge 7 of the plate 2 defined the level of the surface of the concrete slab to be poured.

Through a hole 9 in the plate 2, which either through Drilling has been installed or which has been generated by half-shell-shaped recesses 9a in the end faces 13 of the Plates 2 (see FIG. 28) a tension screw 15 is passed through. This comprises an anchor part 41 made of metal or plastic, in which the clamping screw 15 is held. On the anchor part 17 is preferably a sleeve 73 which is passed through the hole 9 in the plate 2. The Sleeve 73 prevents concrete water between the hole 9 and the thread of the clamping screw 15 can get this dirty. On the thread of the clamping screw 15 is a Clamping bracket 19 placed and intended a profile tube 21st or a U-profile 35 against the outside 23 of the plate 2 press. An angular receptacle is inserted in the profile tube 21 25, into which a railing post 27 is inserted. The railing post 27 could also be inserted directly into the profile tube 21 become.

In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 24, the anchor part 41 is replaced by a guide tube 29 which lies in the concrete behind the plate 5 and into which the angular receptacle 25 is inserted. In this embodiment of the invention, the angular receptacle 25 has the shape of an inverted U, the second leg 31 of which forms the guide for the clamping screw 71, which can be pressed against the outside 23 of the plate 2.
22 shows the angular course of a ceiling, which is formed by three angularly arranged plates 2. The panels 2 are supported by the holding brackets 4, which are fastened to the ceiling formwork 14 with nails 12. The plates 2 are temporarily held together by suitably designed means in the corners where two plates 2 meet each other. At point A, where two panels 2 form an outer corner, the latter can be held together by a terrain support 33, as is described in FIG. 21 for two panels 2 abutting one another on the end face. The clamping screw 15 penetrates the U-shaped profile 35 in the bore 9 and then the two abutting plates 2 at an angle of approximately 45 ° and is held on an anchor tube 17 inserted in the channel 6 with a threaded bore attached to it. The same railing support 33 serves at location B to accommodate the railing post 27. It connects two plates 2 abutting one another on the end face and adjusts their outer sides 23 exactly in one plane. At point C, where two plates 2 form an inner corner, the latter are held together by a corner holder 37. This in turn comprises a clamping screw 15, which penetrates a profile tube with a rectangular support surface 39 and is anchored to an inner counter-holding plate 41. The latter is preferably angled at the ends by 45 °. A clamping bracket 19 in turn serves to tighten or tension the corner holder 37.

In Figure 25 is another example of a circumferential on a wall Shown flat roof. Alternatively to a punched one Bracket with the shape of a H, a bracket 43 with the shape of an h is used. This bracket 43 can subsequently through the reinforcement webs 84 are passed through. That the reinforcement can erected at the beginning of the building of the wall and afterwards the panels 2 stacked and be connected to each other. The connection of the plates 2 are preferably staggered by connecting rods or tubes 45, which in the channels 6 are inserted (Fig. 31 and 32). The connecting rods 45 can be made of metal or plastic or metal with a Plastic cover exist. Preferably, the jacket is the Connecting rods 45 provided with ribs or roughened, wherein the total diameter of the connecting rods 45 is slightly larger is than the diameter of the channels 6 so that when inserted the connecting rods 45 in the channels 6 a non-positive Connection between the two is created. The three Legs 47, 49, 51 of the bracket 43 are preferred formed analogously to the connecting rods 45. The length A of the front leg 47 is less than the height h of the steps 53 along the upper edge 7 or the lower edge 3 of the plates 2. This makes it possible to mount bracket 43 or its Insert leg 47 into channel 6 of plate 2 below, if a second plate 2 has already been arranged above it is (see position D). The leg 49 is preferably something shorter (B) than the leg 47. This allows the leg 47 insert a small piece into channel 6 and then the leg 49 in a channel 6 of the opposite plate 2 to slide. On the top of the three arranged one above the other Plate 2 in Figure 6 is a railing bracket 33 according to Figure 23 fastens and supports the railing post 27.

FIG. 27 shows how, for example, a surrounding wall of a flat roof is constructed using the formwork system according to the invention. In this embodiment of the invention, the construction of the ceiling termination is carried out as shown for example in FIG. 1. That is, the plate 2, which forms the end face of the ceiling to be cast, is held by the mounting bracket 4, which is fastened to the ceiling formwork 14.
One or more further plates 2 come to rest over this plate 2. On the ceiling side, on the other hand, there is no plate 2 directly on the formwork 14, but it lies on the H-shaped retaining bracket 55. When the ceiling is poured, its lower feet are enclosed by it and the next plates 2 can be placed on the legs 57 protruding beyond the surface of the ceiling be put on or put on.

With a suitable choice of the dimensions of the bracket and Rails and their distances from each other and from the plate edges can be a very universal modular system with the invention create what is diverse in a simple manner Formwork tasks allowed to be mastered.

In FIG. 28, the formation of the bore 9 formed by a semicircle 9a on each plate edge 13 is visible, which also cuts the channel 6 in which the anchor tube 17 is held.
The areas of the plate 2 referred to as the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 20 have a wall thickness b in the area of the channels 6. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the distances b are half as large as the mutual distances a of the channels 6. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the channels 6 is approximately twice as large as their mutual distances a. The channels 6 form a kind of "honeycomb structure" within the plate, which imparts a rigidity to the plate 2. In the area of step 53, the channels 6 are half-shell-shaped and extend to the adjacent edge 37. By inserting reinforcement bars, grids or reinforcements 73 lying parallel to the plate surfaces and / or the longitudinal edges 3, 7 between the surfaces of the plate and the Channels 6 arranged symmetrically therein can further increase the strength and rigidity of the plate 2.

Claims (10)

1. Moulded block (2) for producing ceiling edge mouldings, said block having an external side and an internal side, which is intended to be brought into contact with liquid concrete during backfilling, an upper longitudinal edge and a lower longitudinal edge and two leading edges, and receiving means (6) extending parallel to the leading edges for accommodating a portion of a retaining clamp (4) or connecting means, characterised in that channels (6) or receiving means (96, 128), which form channels (6), have an upper aperture and a lower aperture, at least the lower apertures lying adjacent one another at a spacing (h) from the lower longitudinal edge (3) of the block (2) at uniform spacings (a), and in that the disposition and configuration of the channels (6) or of the receiving means (96, 128), which form channels, form within the block (2) a type of honeycomb structure, which provides the block (2) with rigidity.
2. Moulded block according to claim 1, characterised in that the lateral spacing (a) between the channels (6) corresponds approximately to double the spacing (b) between the channels (6) and the surfaces (3, 7) of the block (2), and in that at least one string-like or latticed reinforcement (75), which is formed from metal, glass or plastics material and extends parallel to the block surfaces and/or to the longitudinal edges (3, 7), is inserted between the surfaces (3, 7) and the channels (6) respectively.
3. Moulded block according to claim 2, characterised in that the diameter of the channels (6) corresponds substantially to double the spacing (a) between the channels (6).
4. Moulded block according to claim 1, characterised in that the apertures form the end regions of the channels (6) and are at least partially laterally covered on both sides, at a spacing (h) from the longitudinal edges (3, 7), by a stepped portion (53) in the block (2), which portion extends parallel to the longitudinal edges (3, 7), and in that the spacing (b) between the non-covered portions of the channels (6) and the two block surfaces is identical.
5. Moulded block according to claim 3, characterised in that the region of the stepped portion (53), extending parallel to the block surfaces, extends in the central plane of the block (2), and in that the channels (6) form half-shell-like recesses in the thinned region of the block (2).
6. Moulded block according to claim 1, characterised in that rails (100, 122) or respectively strips (132a, 132b) are provided, which extend parallel to the edges (3, 7), and are possibly disposed in a lattice-like manner, said rails or strips having apertures (96, 128), which are in alignment with one another and serve as receiving means for the retaining clamps (4), and in that the rails (100, 122) are formed by profiles, which are incorporated in the blocks (2) and comprise perforated sheet metal plates.
7. Moulded block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the blocks (2) are provided, on one lateral edge (13), with an edge profile and, on their oppositely situated lateral edge, with a counterprofile complementary thereto for the interconnection of two blocks (2) (profiles 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40).
8. Use of the moulded block (2) according to one of claims 1 to 7 as a receiving means for an anchoring member (41) for a handrail support (33), which is intended to abut against the moulded block (2) and serves as a temporary connecting means for the blocks (2), said block having a post receiving means (21, 106) for the insertion of a post (27, 110), a tightening screw (15, 71) for clamping the handrail support (33) to the moulded block (2), and a counterholder (29), which is intended to abut against the internal side of said moulded block, or an anchoring means (17, 41).
9. Use according to claim 8, characterised in that the tightening screw (15, 71) can extend through the moulded block (2) and be secured in a thread on the anchoring means (17, 41), or in that the handrail support (33) is H-shaped, and the short portion can be inserted into the counterholder (29) and, when guided along the longer portion, can be clamped by the tightening screw (71) to the moulded block (2).
10. Use according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterised by a handrail support (33), which is intended to abut externally against two moulded blocks (2), lying at an angle relative to each other, and acts as a comer holder, having a tightening screw (15), which is guided in an anchoring pin (17) insertable into one of the channels (6), and a post receiving means (21) for the insertion of a newel post (27).

Images