EP0232762A1 - Méthode pour déterminer acoustiquement les trajectoires de projectiles et détermination de la distance minimum projectile-cible - Google Patents

Méthode pour déterminer acoustiquement les trajectoires de projectiles et détermination de la distance minimum projectile-cible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0232762A1
EP0232762A1 EP87100842A EP87100842A EP0232762A1 EP 0232762 A1 EP0232762 A1 EP 0232762A1 EP 87100842 A EP87100842 A EP 87100842A EP 87100842 A EP87100842 A EP 87100842A EP 0232762 A1 EP0232762 A1 EP 0232762A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
target
sound pressure
pressure transducer
distance
sound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87100842A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0232762B1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Negendank
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Wedekind
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Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH
RHEIN FLUGZEUGBAU GmbH
Original Assignee
Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH
RHEIN FLUGZEUGBAU GmbH
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Application filed by Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH, RHEIN FLUGZEUGBAU GmbH filed Critical Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH
Priority to AT87100842T priority Critical patent/ATE53654T1/de
Publication of EP0232762A1 publication Critical patent/EP0232762A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0232762B1 publication Critical patent/EP0232762B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J5/00—Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
    • F41J5/06—Acoustic hit-indicating systems, i.e. detecting of shock waves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S367/00—Communications, electrical: acoustic wave systems and devices
    • Y10S367/906—Airborne shock-wave detection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for acoustic projectile placement measurement, in particular for moving exercise targets, with a microphone system and evaluation devices which are intended to determine the minimum projectile / target distance while eliminating runtime errors.
  • Acoustic methods for measuring floor deposition at stationary or moving targets at subsonic speed are based on the measurement of the conical shock waves generated by supersonic projectiles using one or more microphones.
  • the relationships between the distance microphone / shock wave generation point on the projectile path and the shock wave amplitude or the shock wave duration are known.
  • the shortest storey / target distance can be derived directly from this.
  • both the spatial and the temporal course of the floor passage must be taken into account.
  • the target movement and projectile path can be a straight line and the speed frequencies are assumed to be constant.
  • a calculation is only possible if the spatial relationship of the floor track to the target track can be established. Two options are known for this.
  • DE-OS 31 22 644 describes a correction method for flying training targets, which is based on a weapon location and target location-related geometry. It requires specified, precisely adhered to flight courses, flight heights and flight speeds as well as control distances and floor speeds.
  • the microphones used must be installed in the center of the target and the entire arrangement must have an acoustic spherical characteristic.
  • a three-dimensional arrangement consisting of a microphone system with at least four microphones and an additional system, that is to say a total of at least five microphones, provides a target-specific geometry which enables independence from flight courses and flight heights.
  • the microphone arrangement can also be located outside the target center.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement which excludes runtime errors with a minimum number of microphones and provides sufficient information for evaluation, such as signal amplitudes, signal duration and runtimes, so that only a small number of training parameters have to be defined before a shooting exercise. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the measure according to the invention offers the possibility of determining the types and number of available information with the number of microphones and their geometric position to the center of the target. That means that depending on the mechanical and functional Boundary conditions of the unit target / microphone system an optimal system can be selected.
  • the measurement is carried out in the vicinity of the microphones, and the information is also fed to the evaluation computer by means of telemetry.
  • At least two microphones are arranged one behind the other in the direction of target movement, all microphone locations with respect to the desired target center are known.
  • the floor caliber used can be recognized within certain limits.
  • G Differences in sound propagation time between microphones are preferably carried out by forming and evaluating the cross-correlation function of the two microphone signals involved. This method provides great accuracy and further information even with high noise levels.
  • the microphones mentioned under D) are exposed to the wind noise of the target together.
  • the cross-correlation function therefore receives a maximum, from the position of which the Mach number of the target can be determined at a known speed of sound.
  • the shape of the Mach cone generated by the projectile is taken into account when determining the projectile path, there is no approximation by a flat wavefront. However, the shape is idealized. Errors that are known to occur at small intervals are corrected by the evaluation computer. Isotropic properties of the microphones are still assumed. The evaluation computer also corrects actual deviations from this.
  • the microphone arrangement is assumed to be static.
  • the microphone and target center are, however, not the actual, but "arithmetical" locations that are determined from the order of the sound, from measured time differences and the target speed.
  • the shape of the Mach cone is taken into account. Only the locations calculated in this way are included in the floor path calculation.
  • the microphone M 1 is first sonicated, the microphone M 2 after the measured time difference ⁇ t m .
  • the well-known microphone distance M 1 M * 2 is then the distance V z . Reduce ⁇ t m (V z : target speed) or extend it in the reverse order of the sound.
  • the speed of sound c then applies and for the Doppler-corrected pulse duration to be calculated from the measured pulse duration T m
  • the target center and two microphones are on the target movement axis Z. Because of its rotational symmetry, such a one-dimensional arrangement is not able to clearly define a projectile path, but essential information is available. _
  • FIG. 3 Such a rotational hyperboloid is shown in FIG. 3.
  • G and G * are any generatrix of the two groups. It can be seen that the rotational symmetry can be used to derive the same information from any generatrix about the distance to a target center point Z located arbitrarily on the Z axis. This distance E min determined as a rotating vector family, it can be determined from the sign of its z component whether the projectile passage was in front of or behind the center of the target (front-rear detection).
  • Any projectile path G that is conveniently located in the coordinate system can be selected for the calculations, since the distance to be determined is the same for all paths.
  • the microphone K is in the coordinate origin, the microphone L at the end of the vector L on the Z axis.
  • the computed location of the microphone L is therefore in vector notation
  • the distance vector R 1 is placed in the X - Z plane for the sake of simplicity and is therefore called
  • Using a third microphone outside the Z axis creates a two-dimensional microphone system. It is thus possible to select two tracks from the projectile track sets described above which are mirror-symmetrical to the microphone plane, each of the two track sets providing a solution.
  • the desired target center no longer has to lie on the Z axis, but can be moved to the microphone plane.
  • the search for the pair of projectile paths is carried out by selecting any projectile path from the family and a mathematical rotation of M around the Z axis until the conditions of a system of equations are met.
  • This coordinate transformation is shown in FIG. 6 as a projection into the XY plane.
  • the selected floor trajectory is by the distance vectors R 1 and R Given 2 , the distance vectors of the actual floor path and result from the opposite rotation of R 1 and R 2 by the angle sought Is known M , is measured
  • the floor track pair can also be determined using a different approach.
  • the Mach cone is used for this A (see Fig. 5) introduced.
  • the rotation of M is then carried out so that A and G include the Mach angle ⁇ .
  • this fourth microphone N is, for example, in the YZ plane at the computed microphone location N shown.
  • the aid of the measured distance and the scalar product with the two possible path vectors or by means of arithmetical rotation of N around the Z axis results in a double solution which is symmetrical to the YZ plane, of which only one is identical to a solution which was obtained with the aid of the microphone M.
  • the target center can be set arbitrarily in space with the solutions resulting from the above approaches, and therefore a target body can be defined in the evaluation computer under all bombardment situations.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP87100842A 1986-02-08 1987-01-22 Méthode pour déterminer acoustiquement les trajectoires de projectiles et détermination de la distance minimum projectile-cible Expired - Lifetime EP0232762B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87100842T ATE53654T1 (de) 1986-02-08 1987-01-22 Verfahren zur akustischen erfassung von geschossbahnen und zur ermittlung des kuerzesten abstandes geschoss/ziel.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3603991 1986-02-08
DE3603991 1986-02-08
DE3612352 1986-04-12
DE19863612352 DE3612352A1 (de) 1986-02-08 1986-04-12 Anordnung zur akustischen erfassung von geschossbahnen und zur ermittlung des kuerzesten abstandes geschoss / ziel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0232762A1 true EP0232762A1 (fr) 1987-08-19
EP0232762B1 EP0232762B1 (fr) 1990-06-13

Family

ID=25840828

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87100842A Expired - Lifetime EP0232762B1 (fr) 1986-02-08 1987-01-22 Méthode pour déterminer acoustiquement les trajectoires de projectiles et détermination de la distance minimum projectile-cible

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Country Link
US (1) US4805159A (fr)
EP (1) EP0232762B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3612352A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2663729A1 (fr) * 1989-04-28 1991-12-27 Rhein Flugzeugbau Gmbh Procede pour determiner la deviation du tir lors du bombardement de buts d'exercices et dispositif pour la mise en óoeuvre du procede.
EP1373822A2 (fr) * 2001-04-03 2004-01-02 Aai Corporation Procede et systeme pour corriger une courbure dans la determination de la trajectoire d'un projectile

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3823490C2 (de) * 1988-07-11 1994-08-11 Ingbuero Fuer Elektro Mechanis Einrichtung zur selbsttätigen elektronischen Bestimmung der Trefferkoordinaten von überschallschnellen Geschossen an fliegenden Zielkörpern
DE3843601A1 (de) * 1988-12-23 1990-06-28 Ingbuero Fuer Elektro Mechanis Verfahren und einrichtung zur selbsttaetigen messung und anzeige der trefferkoordinaten von ueberschallschnellen geschossen an fliegenden zielen
SE467550B (sv) * 1990-01-18 1992-08-03 Lasse Kristian Karlsen Indikatoranordning foer bestaemning av projektilers bana
US5241518A (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-08-31 Aai Corporation Methods and apparatus for determining the trajectory of a supersonic projectile
SE506657C2 (sv) 1996-03-29 1998-01-26 Haakan Appelgren Sätt och anordning vid projektilinmätning
IL118846A (en) * 1996-07-14 2000-07-16 Levanon Nadav Method and apparatus for acoustic monitoring of the trajectory of a supersonic projectile
DE19713516A1 (de) * 1997-04-02 1998-10-22 Graul Werner Dr Ing Verfahren und Einrichtung zur passiven Bahnbestimmung eines Strahlungsemittenten
US7544137B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2009-06-09 Richardson Todd E Sports simulation system
US20070238539A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-11 Wayne Dawe Sports simulation system
US20060063574A1 (en) 2003-07-30 2006-03-23 Richardson Todd E Sports simulation system
EP1763683B1 (fr) * 2004-07-02 2016-04-06 Trackman A/S Procede et appareillage de determination d'un ecart entre une direction reelle d'un projectile lance et une direction predeterminee
CA2740109C (fr) 2008-10-08 2016-01-19 Interactive Sports Technologies Inc. Systeme de simulation de sports
WO2011133837A2 (fr) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Vanderbilt University Système et procédé d'estimation de trajectoire de projectile et d'emplacement d'origine de projectile
US9135831B2 (en) * 2013-01-24 2015-09-15 Bryan P. O'Keefe System and method for demonstrating a path of a projectile
IL295152A (en) 2022-07-27 2024-02-01 Synchrosense Ltd Mobile ultrasonic sling tracking

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2807101A1 (de) * 1977-02-21 1978-08-24 Australasian Training Aids Pty Trefferanzeigevorrichtung fuer einen schiessplatz o.dgl.
EP0003095A1 (fr) * 1977-12-29 1979-07-25 Swedair AB Appareil indicateur pour déterminer la distance d'un projectile supersonique par rapport à une cible
GB1553251A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-09-26 Ms Instr Ltd Position determining system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7342400U (de) * 1974-04-04 Dornier System Gmbh Tragekonstruktion
DE2603061A1 (de) * 1976-01-28 1977-08-11 Elektro Mechanischer Fluggerae Luftschleppzielanordnung
DE3122644A1 (de) * 1981-06-06 1982-12-23 Hartmut Ing.(Grad.) 8035 Gauting Euer Verfahren zur akustischen messung der trefferablage beim beschuss fliegender uebungsziele
US4505481A (en) * 1982-07-06 1985-03-19 Australasian Training Aids (Pty.) Ltd. Inflatable target apparatus
DE3341549A1 (de) * 1983-11-17 1985-05-30 Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH, 4050 Mönchengladbach Luftschleppzielanordnung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1553251A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-09-26 Ms Instr Ltd Position determining system
DE2807101A1 (de) * 1977-02-21 1978-08-24 Australasian Training Aids Pty Trefferanzeigevorrichtung fuer einen schiessplatz o.dgl.
EP0003095A1 (fr) * 1977-12-29 1979-07-25 Swedair AB Appareil indicateur pour déterminer la distance d'un projectile supersonique par rapport à une cible

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2663729A1 (fr) * 1989-04-28 1991-12-27 Rhein Flugzeugbau Gmbh Procede pour determiner la deviation du tir lors du bombardement de buts d'exercices et dispositif pour la mise en óoeuvre du procede.
EP1373822A2 (fr) * 2001-04-03 2004-01-02 Aai Corporation Procede et systeme pour corriger une courbure dans la determination de la trajectoire d'un projectile
EP1373822A4 (fr) * 2001-04-03 2008-01-09 Aai Corp Procede et systeme pour corriger une courbure dans la determination de la trajectoire d'un projectile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3612352A1 (de) 1987-08-13
US4805159A (en) 1989-02-14
DE3612352C2 (fr) 1992-12-17
EP0232762B1 (fr) 1990-06-13

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