EP0230017B1 - Culasse - Google Patents

Culasse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0230017B1
EP0230017B1 EP86117696A EP86117696A EP0230017B1 EP 0230017 B1 EP0230017 B1 EP 0230017B1 EP 86117696 A EP86117696 A EP 86117696A EP 86117696 A EP86117696 A EP 86117696A EP 0230017 B1 EP0230017 B1 EP 0230017B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder head
cylinder
cooling
duct
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86117696A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0230017A3 (en
EP0230017A2 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Bauer
Ernst-Siegfried Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Original Assignee
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG filed Critical Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority to AT86117696T priority Critical patent/ATE66722T1/de
Publication of EP0230017A2 publication Critical patent/EP0230017A2/fr
Publication of EP0230017A3 publication Critical patent/EP0230017A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0230017B1 publication Critical patent/EP0230017B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4285—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of both intake and exhaust channel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/28—Cylinder heads having cooling means for air cooling
    • F02F1/30—Finned cylinder heads
    • F02F1/32—Finned cylinder heads the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means
    • F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F2001/104—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for liquid cooling using an open deck, i.e. the water jacket is open at the block top face

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air-cooled cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a cylinder head known from DE-A 14 76 429 has a cylinder head base which is formed on the cooling chamber side parallel to the combustion chamber side floor surface acted upon by the gas forces.
  • Such a design of the cylinder head base with a constant thickness means that the gas pressure forces, which are constantly changing over the combustion chamber diameter, are not countered by an individually measured counterforce. It is therefore not possible to exert sufficient influence on the deformations of the cylinder head base caused by the gadget forces.
  • the heat loss through the cylinder head base is the same at all points due to its constant thickness. This means that no influence can be exerted on a differently required heat flow from the combustion chamber into the cylinder head.
  • CH-A 29 04 26 describes an air-cooled cylinder head that extends over two cylinders.
  • This cylinder head has a projecting sealing ring for each combustion chamber or cylinder tube, the sealing rings in the area of the adjoining cylinder tubes reaching up to one another except for a narrow, enclosed base of the cylinder head.
  • the invention has for its object to make the air-cooled cylinder head on an internal combustion engine so stiff that a secure seal to the crankcase is guaranteed and at the same time effective cooling of the thermally highly stressed zones of the cylinder head is ensured, while the design also with a view to a low Manufacturing effort is to be optimized.
  • the cylinder heads of a cylinder bank which are combined to form a block cylinder head, are rigid and thus ensure a secure seal to the crankcase. Because the block cylinder head is made of gray cast iron, a further advantage with regard to the rigidity of the cylinder head is achieved compared to light metal cylinder heads previously used only in air cooling with similar mechanical and thermal properties. In addition, an air-cooled block cylinder head made of gray cast iron can be produced and processed more cheaply in terms of production and costs than a corresponding light metal cylinder head.
  • the recesses between the individual cylinders in the combustion chamber-side cylinder head floor contribute to a further improvement in the cooling of the cylinder head and at the same time reduce mechanical stresses in this area, since the recesses reduce or prevent the heat flow between the adjacent cylinder sections.
  • the cylinder head base of each cylinder head is formed on the cold room side as an airfoil profile (convex).
  • an airfoil profile convex
  • the cylinder head base of each cylinder head includes a bead-shaped, annular edge on the cooling chamber side.
  • This bead-shaped edge is arranged in the combustion chamber border area, that is to say in the area with which the individual cylinder head rests on the crankcase or the cylinder tube.
  • a very low-deformation combustion chamber floor geometry is thus achieved in this area, which is important for tightness.
  • each cylinder head base is decoupled from the gas exchange channels leading to a longitudinal side wall of the block cylinder head.
  • the recess is flowed through through holes or channels running radially from the outside to the cylinder head center with cooling air, and at the same time it is decoupled from the crankcase in a liquid-tight and gas-tight manner.
  • the holes in the cylinder head that are required for the version through which cooling air flows are eliminated.
  • the common feature of both versions is that intensive cooling of the combustion chamber edge is made possible by these designs.
  • the cylinder head base with ribs on the cooling chamber side, which ribs run into the bead-shaped edge.
  • this increases the effective heat transfer area between the metal and the cooling air and, on the other hand, the cooling air flowing through the cylinder head is directed in a targeted manner to zones to be cooled in particular, such as the exhaust valve and the injector pipe.
  • a cylinder head screw arranged between the gas exchange channels is supported with its head surface on a cylinder head screw pipe which is only in connection with the inlet channel or is formed by the latter.
  • the cylinder head screw pipe is formed in the shape of a crescent moon through the inlet duct wall. This measure keeps the strong thermal fluctuations and the resulting thermal expansions, which are caused by the exhaust port, away from the cylinder head mounting.
  • the exhaust port is completely suspended from the adjacent cylinder head walls and is thus completely surrounded by the cooling air flow flowing through the cylinder head.
  • a cooling air guide rib is arranged in the web area below the cylinder head cover plate, which redirects the cooling air flow flowing through the cylinder head in the direction of the cylinder head base. This measure further intensifies the cooling of the thermally endangered cylinder head base.
  • the cooling air is led out of the cylinder head on the longitudinal side wall of the block cylinder head, to which the gas exchange channels lead.
  • the cooling air is directed around the exhaust gas duct and the adjoining exhaust manifold through screens in the cylinder head side wall or in the seal, which is arranged between the cylinder head side wall and the exhaust or intake manifold, or through screen-like openings in the exhaust duct and thus this area is particularly cooled and simultaneously the Flow resistance regulated in the cylinder head.
  • a liquid line leading over the entire length of the block cylinder head is arranged on the exhaust side of the cylinder head at the level of the valve spring supports, this line being connected to the inlet channels in such a way that the cooling air flowing through the cylinder head transversely to the liquid line through openings in the area between the Aulumblekanäle and the liquid line is guided along the outlet channel wall to the outlet channel connection flanges.
  • This arrangement of the liquid line which is also advantageously used as a lubricant line for lubricating the valve train arranged in the cylinder head, enables additional heat dissipation from the thermally highly stressed zones, essentially the exhaust ports and exhaust valve guides.
  • An air-cooled cylinder head which is designed as a cast iron block cylinder head 1 for cylinders lying next to one another, has an inlet channel 3 which interacts with an exhaust valve for each cylinder.
  • Exhaust duct 2 and intake duct 3 end in connecting flanges 4 and 5, which are arranged on a common longitudinal side wall 6 of the cylinder head. Cooling air flows through the cylinder head transversely to the longitudinal direction, the cooling air entering on the longitudinal side wall 7 opposite the longitudinal side wall 6 provided with the gas exchange channels 2, 3 or their connecting flanges 4, 5.
  • the cooling air entering the cylinder head is directed by cooling fins to all areas of the cylinder head.
  • the zones of the cylinder head which are subject to high thermal loads are largely insulated or suspended from adjacent parts of the cylinder head wall.
  • the exhaust duct 2 is accordingly only connected to the cylinder head base 8 and the exhaust valve bore 9 with the cylinder head and is otherwise isolated in the cylinder head.
  • the crankcase 10 which is designed as an "open deck crankcase”
  • the cylinder head is clamped via cylinder head screws 11.
  • the cylinder head screws 11 are arranged in zones of the cylinder head which are subject to low thermal stress, in particular none of the cylinder head screw pipes 12 is connected to the exhaust gas duct 2.
  • the cylinder head screw 11a arranged between the inlet channel 3 and the outlet channel 2 is supported exclusively on a crescent-shaped cylinder head screw pipe 12a formed by the inlet channel wall 13.
  • Push rod openings 14 and 15 are arranged on the air inlet-side longitudinal side wall 7 of the cylinder head.
  • An injection nozzle not shown, is arranged centrally in the cylinder head and the corresponding passage opening 16 is inclined at an obtuse angle to the cylinder head base plate 8.
  • a concave design of the cylinder head base 8 can be seen on the cold room side.
  • the bottom of the cylinder head runs out into a bead-shaped edge 17.
  • This bead-shaped edge 17 extends over the entire circumference of each cylinder bore 18 and is arranged in the region outside of the cylinder cooling jacket space 19.
  • a recess 29 is machined into the cylinder head base 8 above the cylinder cooling jacket space 19.
  • This recess 29 is connected to the cylinder cooling jacket space 19 via openings 22 in the cylinder head gasket 21.
  • the cooling liquid which can be any other coolant, for example water or oil, flows into the recess 29 and intensively cools the cylinder head base 8 of the cylinder head.
  • a cooling air guide rib 24 is arranged in the web area below the cylinder head cover plate 23, which deflects the cooling air entering from the longitudinal side wall 7 in the direction of the cylinder head base 8.
  • the recess 29 is separated from the cylinder cooling jacket space 19 by a gas head and liquid-tight cylinder head gasket 21 in the region of the recess 29.
  • the recess 29 is air-cooled instead of liquid-cooled. The cooling air enters or exits the recess 29 through bores 25 on both sides of the cylinder head.
  • a wing profile shape (convex) is shown as a further possible embodiment of the cylinder head base 8. Furthermore, a liquid line 27 leading over the entire length of the cylinder head is arranged at the level of the valve spring supports 28.
  • This liquid distribution line 27, which is primarily charged with oil, which is used at the same time for lubricating the valve train, insofar as it is arranged in the cylinder head, is additionally connected to the inlet channel walls. Passages for the cooling air impinging transversely on the liquid line 27 and the adjacent walls only result in the area of the exhaust gas channels 2, so that the cooling air is effectively guided around the exhaust gas channels 2 and cools them intensively.
  • the recess 29 is flushed with cooling air via channels 30.
  • the channels 30 are arranged on both sides of the end faces of the recess 29 and are guided out of the cylinder head on the two longitudinal side walls 6, 7 thereof.
  • the recesses 29 are flowed through by cooling liquid.
  • the cylinder head gasket not shown, is provided with openings 22 (FIG. 2) in the region of the recesses 29, so that the cooling liquid passes from the cylinder cooling jacket space 19 into the recesses 29.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Culasse refroidie à l'air d'un moteur à combustion interne, comportant au moins deux soupapes d'échange de gaz par cylindre, le fond (8) de la culasse ayant du côté de la chambre de refroidissement, une épaisseur de paroi variant principalement en continu, culasse caractérisée en ce que les culasses sont réunies en un bloc-culasse (1) pour une rangée de cylindres, ce bloc étant fabriqué en fonte grise et en ce que les fonds (8) des culasses, du côté de la chambre de combustion, entre les différents cylindres, comportent chaque fois une cavité (29) dans la zone de la culasse qui recouvre le volume-enveloppe de refroidissement (19) des cylindres.
  2. Culasse refroidie à l'air pour moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le fond (8) de la culasse est du côté de la chambre de refroidissement avec un profil d'aile portante (profil convexe).
  3. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée par un bord (17) en forme de bourrelet dans la zone de délimitation de la chambre de combustion, bourrelet qui entoure de manière annulaire le fond (8) de la culasse.
  4. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le bord (17) en forme de bourrelet n'est pas relié aux canaux d'échange de gaz (2, 3) qui vont vers l'une des parois latérales longitudinales (6) de la culasse (1).
  5. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la cavité (29) est parcourue par l'air de refroidissement par au moins un perçage ou canal (25) allant radialement de l'extérieur vers le centre de la culasse.
  6. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la cavité (29) est reliée par des perçages ou passages (22) du joint de culasse (21) pour former des arrivées et des sorties, avec l'enveloppe périphérique de refroidissement (19) du cylindre refroidi par un liquide.
  7. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée par des ailettes de refroidissement (26) prévues sur le fond (8) de la culasse, ces ailettes rejoignant le bord (17) en forme de bourrelet.
  8. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée par un passage de vis de tête de cylindre (12a), réalisé en forme demi-lune par une paroi du canal d'admission (13), entre les canaux d'échange de gaz (2, 3).
  9. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le canal d'échappement (2) est complètement décroché des parois adjacentes de la culasse et est balayé sur toutes ses faces par un courant d'air de refroidissement.
  10. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée par une ailette de guidage d'air de refroidissement (24) prévue dans la zone de l'entretoise de la culasse, en-dessous de la plaque supérieure (24) de la culasse, cette ailette (24) étant reliée à la plaque (23) suivant un angle tel que l'air de refroidissement qui arrive soit dévié en direction du fond (8) de la culasse.
  11. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que l'air qui traverse la culasse quitte la culasse dans la zone de la bride de raccordement (4) du canal de gaz d'échappement au niveau d'une paroi latérale longitudinale (6) et tourne autour de toutes les faces de la bride de raccordement (4) du canal de gaz d'échappement.
  12. Culasse refroidie à l'air selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que sur la paroi latérale longitudinale (6) du côté de la sortie de l'air, à la hauteur des appuis de ressorts de soupape (28), il est prévu une conduite de liquide (27) qui passe sur toute la longueur de la culasse (1), cette conduite étant reliée aux canaux d'admission (3) pour que l'air de refroidissement qui traverse la culasse transversalement à la conduite de liquide (27) passe par des orifices dans la zone comprise entre le canal d'échappement (2) et la conduite de liquide (27), le long de la paroi du canal d'échappement pour être dirigé vers la bride de raccordement du canal de gaz d'échappement (4).
EP86117696A 1985-12-20 1986-12-18 Culasse Expired - Lifetime EP0230017B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86117696T ATE66722T1 (de) 1985-12-20 1986-12-18 Zylinderkopf.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3545333 1985-12-20
DE19853545333 DE3545333A1 (de) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 Zylinderkopf

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0230017A2 EP0230017A2 (fr) 1987-07-29
EP0230017A3 EP0230017A3 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0230017B1 true EP0230017B1 (fr) 1991-08-28

Family

ID=6289105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117696A Expired - Lifetime EP0230017B1 (fr) 1985-12-20 1986-12-18 Culasse

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4781158A (fr)
EP (1) EP0230017B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62157264A (fr)
AT (1) ATE66722T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3545333A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2023810B3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10344110A1 (de) * 2003-09-24 2005-04-28 Daimler Chrysler Ag Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5303943A (en) * 1988-12-30 1994-04-19 Batty Jr James M Head gasket assemnly and method for sealing an internal combustion engine
JP2531563Y2 (ja) * 1990-10-09 1997-04-02 株式会社クボタ 吸い込み式冷却ファン付き頭上弁エンジンの冷却装置
US5638779A (en) * 1995-08-16 1997-06-17 Northrop Grumman Corporation High-efficiency, low-pollution engine
DE19737492C1 (de) * 1997-08-28 1998-10-29 Daimler Benz Ag Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Zylinderkopf einer mehrzylindrigen Brennkraftmaschine
DE102005040637A1 (de) * 2005-08-27 2007-03-01 Deutz Ag Brennkraftmaschine
US7677218B2 (en) * 2007-07-31 2010-03-16 Caterpillar Inc. Cylinder head including a stress slot with filler
JP6759160B2 (ja) * 2017-06-30 2020-09-23 株式会社クボタ 水冷エンジン

Family Cites Families (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB341256A (en) * 1930-01-09 1931-01-15 Ici Ltd Air-cooled internal-combustion engines
CH290426A (de) * 1950-07-22 1953-04-30 Gmbh Porsche Konstruktionen Zylinderkopf für luftgekühlte Brennkraftmaschinen.
FR1085154A (fr) * 1952-10-16 1955-01-28 Ricardo & Co Engineers Perfectionnements aux culasses de cylindres à refroidissement par air
DE963564C (de) * 1954-01-31 1957-05-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Einrichtung zur Kuehlung des Zylinderkopfes bei luftgekuehlten Brennkraftmaschinen
US3117565A (en) * 1961-01-18 1964-01-14 Tatra Np Cylinder head for internal combustion engines
CH424374A (de) * 1961-01-18 1966-11-15 Tatra Np Luftgekühlter Zylinderkopf mit zusätzlicher Flüssigkeitskühlung
DE1476429A1 (de) * 1963-12-10 1969-02-13 Cunewalde Motoren Zylinderkopf fuer luftgekuehlte Brennkraftmaschinen
DE1294103B (de) * 1964-04-16 1969-04-30 Fiat Spa Einrichtung zum Verhindern einer Verunreinigung der zum Belueften und/oder Heizen des Insassenraumes von Kraftfahrzeugen mit luftgekuehlten Brennkraftmaschinen bestimmter Luft durch aus der Brennkraftmaschine austretende Verbrennungsgase
FR1412253A (fr) * 1964-10-22 1965-09-24 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Couvercle de cylindre pour moteurs à combustion interne à injection
DE1576707A1 (de) * 1967-04-22 1970-05-06 Daimler Benz Ag Zylinderkopf einer luftgekuehlten Brennkraftmaschine
DE1938297A1 (de) * 1968-08-08 1971-02-11 Honda Motor Co Ltd Einrichtung zur Luftkuehlung von Verbrennungsmotoren in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE1961804C3 (de) * 1969-12-10 1973-01-11 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopfbefestigung fuer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschinen
DE2227120C2 (de) * 1972-06-03 1982-07-29 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Luftgekühlte Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine
US4346676A (en) * 1979-08-06 1982-08-31 Brunswick Corporation Two-cycle V-engine with integrally cast exhaust manifold
DE3044487A1 (de) * 1980-11-26 1982-06-24 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Zylinderkopf mit einer als einsatz ausgebildeten vorkammer

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10344110A1 (de) * 2003-09-24 2005-04-28 Daimler Chrysler Ag Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2023810B3 (es) 1992-02-16
EP0230017A3 (en) 1988-10-05
DE3681147D1 (de) 1991-10-02
ATE66722T1 (de) 1991-09-15
DE3545333C2 (fr) 1988-06-01
DE3545333A1 (de) 1987-07-02
US4781158A (en) 1988-11-01
EP0230017A2 (fr) 1987-07-29
JPS62157264A (ja) 1987-07-13

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