EP0228347A1 - Process for controlling the application of colours in a printing machine, printing device equipped therewith and measuring device for such a printing device - Google Patents

Process for controlling the application of colours in a printing machine, printing device equipped therewith and measuring device for such a printing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228347A1
EP0228347A1 EP86810562A EP86810562A EP0228347A1 EP 0228347 A1 EP0228347 A1 EP 0228347A1 EP 86810562 A EP86810562 A EP 86810562A EP 86810562 A EP86810562 A EP 86810562A EP 0228347 A1 EP0228347 A1 EP 0228347A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
color
printing
control data
control
measurement
Prior art date
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Application number
EP86810562A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0228347B1 (en
EP0228347B2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Prof. Dr. Kipphan
Gerhard Löffler
Guido Keller
Hans Ott
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X Rite Switzerland GmbH
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Original Assignee
Gretag AG
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Application filed by Gretag AG, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical Gretag AG
Priority to AT86810562T priority Critical patent/ATE47564T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B41F33/0045—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control for automatically regulating the ink supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
    • B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
    • B41P2233/51—Marks on printed material for colour quality control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/45—Sensor for ink or dampening fluid thickness or density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/46—Printing operation controlled by code indicia on printing plate or substate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the ink application in a printing press according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a printing system suitable for carrying out the method according to the preamble of patent claim 14 and a measuring device intended to generate control data for such a printing system according to the preamble of patent claim 17.
  • control of the color guide is the most important way to influence the image impression. It takes place after visual assessment or on the basis of densitometric analyzes of color measuring fields that are also printed. An example of the latter control is described in OS 27 28 738
  • the present invention is intended to improve the control of the ink flow in printing machines to the effect that a higher degree of correspondence is achieved in the image impression between the proof or the proof set and the production run and the production run remains stable in the color impression or color changes are detected.
  • the essence of the present invention thus lies in the fact that the principle of densitometric color density measurement is abandoned and replaced by spectral color measurement, the spectral remissions of the measured test areas being determined and the control of the color guidance (at least during the set-up phase of the printing press) based on these spectral remissions or the derived colorimetric parameters and not based on density measurements.
  • the image impressions of sensitive, image-important points in the production run can be optimally matched to those of the proof or replacement, whereby to a certain extent color deviations due to different tonal value increases and other material and process influences are compensated for.
  • the color measurement itself can be carried out on printed color test fields or also at suitably selected locations (test areas) in the image.
  • the printing system shown in FIG. 1 essentially corresponds to the known systems of this type, for example the already mentioned system according to OS 27 28 738, apart from the differences according to the invention to be explained in accordance with the invention. Accordingly, the printing system shown comprises a measured value recording device 10, a control console 20 and a printing press 30 equipped with a remotely controllable ink guide.
  • printing sheets 40 generated by the printing press 30 are photoelectrically measured in a number of test areas, for example in selected locations of the printed image or in the area of color measurement fields 41 that are also printed, and control data 11 are determined from the measurement data obtained in this way, which are the color deviations of the correspond to printing inks involved in printing in the individual printing zones and printing units and are supplied as input variables to the control console 20.
  • the control console 20 generates control signals 21 from the control data 11, which adjust the ink guide elements of the printing press 30 in such a way that the color deviations are minimal.
  • the device 10 comprises a measuring head 101 which can be moved, for example by means of a stepping motor 102, relative to the printed sheet to be measured.
  • a handheld measuring head 103 is also provided, which is positioned manually on the desired test area of the printed sheet can be.
  • the two measuring heads 101 and 103 contain a measuring arrangement, not shown, which illuminates the test area to be measured, for example according to the usual standard, at 45 ° and collects the light remitted by the test area at 90 ° and couples it into a light guide 104, which feeds it to a spectrometer 105. (Of course, the remitted light can also be supplied to the spectrometer by other means.) There the remitted light is spectrally broken down and measured.
  • the measurement data obtained in this way are fed to a computer 106, which determines the control data 11 for the control console 20 from them in a manner still to be explained.
  • the computer 106 operates or controls a driver electronics 107 for the stepper motor 102 and the supply of the light sources in the measuring heads 101 and 103 and a data display device 108, a printer 109 and a keyboard 110, all essentially as in the known one Device.
  • the primarily relevant difference of the measured value acquisition device 10 shown for the invention compared to the known device mentioned is that it is set up for spectral color analysis of the test areas to be specifically measured and thus for colorimetric analysis, while the known device is only able to measure densitometric color densities , so no color measurement / colorimetry allowed.
  • the second essential difference is the evaluation of the photoelectric measurement data with regard to the control of the color guidance.
  • FIG. 3 shows the basic structure (known per se) of spectrometer 105.
  • the measuring light supplied via one of the measuring heads 101 and 103 via the fiber-optic light guide 104 (or directly) acts on a holographic grating 151 via an entry slit and is spatially split by the latter in order of wavelengths.
  • the so spectrally split light falls on a line-shaped arrangement of, for example, 35 photodiodes 152 in such a way that each photodiode is exposed to light of an individual, relatively narrow wavelength range.
  • the measurement signals generated by the 35 photodiodes thus correspond to the spectral intensity Distribution of the measuring light at 35 discrete support points (wavelength ranges).
  • an interface (interface) 153 is provided which amplifies and digitizes the measurement signals and thus brings them into a form which the computer 106 can understand.
  • the interface could of course also be arranged in the computer.
  • the measured value acquisition device 10, the control console 20 and the actual printing press 30 form a closed control loop.
  • the ink flow is regulated on the basis of densitometric density measurements of the printing inks involved. If there are deviations from the corresponding target density values, these are corrected by the control console by appropriate adjustment of the color guide elements, i.e. made zero or within the permissible tolerance range.
  • the color guide control is therefore color density controlled.
  • the principle of color density-controlled color guidance is abandoned and is substantially supplemented by a control based on spectral color measurement and colorimetry.
  • the spectral remissions are determined by spectral measurement and, if necessary, the color values of a selected color coordinate system are determined by conversion and compared with corresponding target remissions or target color values.
  • the color guidance is then controlled on the basis of the deviations in the spectral reflectances or the color values from the target values (“color distances”) and no longer on the basis of the deviations in the densitometric color densities.
  • the control is preferably carried out with the proviso that the result of the sum of the color differences of different test areas Total distance of a printing zone should be minimal, whereby each test area and its color distance can be considered with an individual weight if desired.
  • control according to color coordinates is described below. In principle, the same applies to the control according to spectral remissions.
  • the color coordinate system on which the color measurement is based is in itself arbitrary.
  • the L * a * b * system or the L * u * v * system of the CIE Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage
  • the color locus is understood to mean the coordinate triple (L * , a * , b * ) or (L * , u * , v * ), the color distance corresponds to the vector ⁇ E Lab or ⁇ E Luv or the individual vectors ( ⁇ L * , ⁇ a * , ⁇ b * ) or (AL * , Au *, ⁇ v *).
  • the target values of the color coordinates (target color locations) for the individual test areas can be entered into the measured value acquisition device 10 manually, for example, using the keyboard 110.
  • the same also applies to the color density setpoints required in connection with the superimposed density-dependent control to be described.
  • the entire control system is, according to the illustration, divided into the two components of the measurement value acquisition device 10 and control console 20 and the control signals 11 generated by the measurement value acquisition device 10 are of exactly the same type as in the known color density measurement systems, so that the invention Measured value acquisition device 10 can thus be connected directly to the known control console 20 mentioned and only the measured value acquisition device has to be replaced in order to convert a corresponding pressure system to the method according to the invention.
  • the control signals required to correct the color deviations directly from the color distances calculated by the data acquisition device without going through the compatible control signals and to summarize the necessary electrical circuits differently or to integrate them into a single device.
  • the division in two shown is therefore to be understood purely, for example, although it is also very practical.
  • the computer 110 forms the color distance vector AE for each test area.
  • Each of these vectors DE is now weighted with n n a weight factor g, so that each test area can therefore be taken into account individually.
  • Typical test areas will be given greater weight, less important ones a lesser one.
  • weighting factors can be e.g. can also be entered interactively or preprogrammed.
  • the weighted or, if necessary, also unweighted color distance vectors of individual measuring fields are mathematically each with a e.g. multiplied empirically determined transformation matrix, and if certain quality criteria are taken into account, this results in a color density change vector, the components of which are the density changes or the layer thickness changes of the printing inks involved in the printing, and thus the control data for the printing zone in question and such changes in the setting of the ink guide elements causes that the total color difference - determined as the sum of the amounts or the sum of the color difference squares of the individual color differences - becomes minimal. This total color difference can also serve as a quality measure for the print.
  • the elements of the transformation matrices essentially contain the partial derivatives of the color coordinates according to the color densities of the printing inks involved. They can be determined empirically by measurements on appropriate test prints or synthetically by modeling.
  • the density change vector has three components, and the calculation from the color distance vectors, which also have three components, is therefore relatively free of complications.
  • the contributions of the individual test areas must be logically assigned in a suitable manner to the individual components of the density change vector in such a way that a correspondingly multidimensional vector results.
  • control signals for the color guide elements can also be determined directly from the color differences. Again, the criterion that the total color difference must be minimized is expediently used as a basis.
  • the different weighting of the individual test areas can also be used here.
  • the printing process usually runs in three phases. First there is the more or less rough presetting of the printing press e.g. on the basis of measured values from the printing plates, then the so-called setup phase (adjustment, registering), in which the ink guide is fine-tuned in one way or the other until the print product is satisfied, and finally the production run, at which the regulation focuses on maintaining the result achieved in the establishment as constant as possible.
  • the reference or the like is not used as a reference, but rather the printed sheet which is found to be good, the so-called "O.K. sheet", and is regulated during production to constant densitometric color densities.
  • phase of density control in continuous printing can also be implemented very easily with the printing system according to the invention. All that is required is to convert the spectral reflectances into filter color densities (corresponding to densitometry) and to compare them with the target color density values determined by an O.K. sheet. The differences in color densities then directly represent the control data 11 for the control console 20.
  • the setting up of the printing press can be carried out in a color-gap-controlled manner as described further above and the production run can then be stabilized in a conventional manner in a color-density-controlled manner.
  • the color density determination can be based on any filter characteristics, which achieves a high degree of flexibility in such a system.
  • the two control principles can also be superimposed on one another. This means that the total color difference is also determined and monitored during the color density-controlled stabilization of the printing process. If the total color difference is due to any reason, e.g. due to changes in the printing process, such as rubber blanket contamination, etc., exceed a predetermined limit value, it is possible to react appropriately. For example, a new ink distance-controlled correction of the printing press can be initiated, in which case the ink density setpoints would then be adapted (updated) for the further stabilization of the printing press, or a corresponding error message can only or additionally be output.
  • the total color difference can be viewed as a quality measure and, if desired, displayed or printed out.
  • the screen tones should appear in different color and tonal value combinations or particularly critical tones. It is also possible to include critical tones from the subject in the measuring strips.
  • subjects can be divided into groups, e.g. Furniture catalogs - shades of brown determining quality -, cosmetic brochures and portraits - skin tones dominant.
  • groups e.g. Gray or green tones predominate.
  • special color-oriented color measuring strips can be built up and used in a targeted manner. The areas determining the image can thus be taken into account in a simple manner.
  • the inking is not always controlled zonally. In this case, it is sufficient to print one measuring field for each measuring field type and to adopt it as the target value for the entire printing sheet width or parts thereof.
  • Each zone can be monitored individually on the production sheet with zonal ink feed. Measuring fields that are important for color control, such as single-color measuring fields for density-controlled regulation of the color guide or multicolor raster fields for colorimetric control, must therefore be repeated at the smallest possible distance. Control fields for color acceptance, tone value increase etc. can be mounted at a slightly greater distance.
  • the printable color space is limited by the color locations of paper white, the single-color solid tones as well as the 2 and 3-color solid tone overlays (white, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, black). All grid tones are within this color space.
  • color deviations cannot be compensated for in all colors at the same time, but an optimization of the mean color difference is possible. It is therefore appropriate, in addition to the fields for the color density-controlled control to use suitable 2 and / or 3-color grid fields such as gray balance fields or sensitive tones, depending on the subject, for the color distance-controlled color routing.
  • the blackening is created by 3 chromatic colors and / or black.
  • Grid fields with black and 2 or 3 chromatic colors can therefore also be of interest as measuring fields for color location-controlled control.
  • the color tones are advantageously chosen from critical areas of the color space.
  • 4-color grid fields a color must be predetermined as a free parameter or additionally measured on a separate color measuring field.
  • suitable color measurement areas can be determined for special colors according to analogous criteria.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for controlling the application of ink by a printing machine, wherein a printed sheet printed by the machine is measured photoelectrically in a plurality of test areas, measured data obtained in this manner are processed into control data in combination with set values, and the inking process of the printing machine is controlled automatically using said control data, characterised in that the test areas are measured colorimetrically, and their colour positions relative to a selected colour coordinate system are determined, that for the test areas measured the colour deviations between associated set colour positions related to the same colour coordinate system are determined, and that the formation of control data and control of the inking process take place on the basis of said colour deviations.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung des Farbauftrags bei einer Druckmaschine gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Druckanlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 14 und eine zur Erzeugung von Steuerdaten für eine solche Druckanlage bestimmte Messvorrichtung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 17.The invention relates to a method for controlling the ink application in a printing press according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a printing system suitable for carrying out the method according to the preamble of patent claim 14 and a measuring device intended to generate control data for such a printing system according to the preamble of patent claim 17.

Im laufenden Druckprozess ist die Steuerung der Farbführung die wichtigste Möglichkeit zur Beeinflussung des Bildeindrucks. Sie erfolgt nach visueller Beurteilung oder aufgrund von densitometrischen Analysen von mitgedruckten Farbmessfeldern. Ein Beispiel für letztgenannte Steuerung ist in OS 27 28 738 beschriebenIn the running printing process, the control of the color guide is the most important way to influence the image impression. It takes place after visual assessment or on the basis of densitometric analyzes of color measuring fields that are also printed. An example of the latter control is described in OS 27 28 738

In der Praxis hat es sich gezeigt, dass die Steuerung der Farbführung allein aufgrund von densitometrischen Dichtemessungen vielfach ungenügend ist. So kommt es u.a. häufig vor, dass bei Regelung auf gleiche Volltondichten erhebliche Farbunterschiede .zwischen Andruck bzw. Andruckersatz und Fortdruck auftreten. Diese Farbunterschiede (Bildeindrücke) müssen dann noch manuell durch interaktive Anpassung der Farbführung korrigiert werden. Die Ursachen für diese Farbunterschiede liegen in den im allgemeinen unterschiedlichen Herstellungsprozessen für Andruck/Andruckersatz und Fortdruck und in den farblichen Unterschieden der dabei verwendeten Materialien. Ebenfalls ist bei konstanter Farb- insbesondere Volltondichte die Konstanz des Farbeindrucks aufgrund von Aenderungen des Tonwerts durch Gummituchverschmutzung oder andere Einflüsse nicht gewährleistet.In practice, it has been shown that the control of the color guide is often insufficient due to densitometric density measurements alone. So it often happens, among other things, that, when regulating to the same solid ink densities, significant color differences occur between the proof or the proof set and the production. These color differences (image impressions) must then be corrected manually by interactive adjustment of the color guide. The reasons for these color differences lie in the generally different manufacturing processes for proofing / proofing and production and in the color differences of the materials used. Likewise, with a constant color density, in particular solid color density, the constancy of the color impression cannot be guaranteed due to changes in the tonal value due to rubber blanket contamination or other influences.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung soll nun die Steuerung der Farbführung bei Druckmaschinen dahingehend verbessert werden, dass ein höherer Uebereinstimmungsgrad im Bildeindruck zwischen Andruck bzw. Andruckersatz und Fortdruck erzielt wird und der Fortdruck im Farbeindruck stabil bleibt oder Farbveränderungen erkannt werden.The present invention is intended to improve the control of the ink flow in printing machines to the effect that a higher degree of correspondence is achieved in the image impression between the proof or the proof set and the production run and the production run remains stable in the color impression or color changes are detected.

Dieses Ziel wird durch das im Patentanspruch 1 beschriebene erfindungsgemässe Verfahren, die entsprechend ausgerüstete Druckanlage gemäss Anspruch 14 und die erfindungsgemässe Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 17 erreicht.This goal is achieved by the method according to the invention described in claim 1, the correspondingly equipped pressure system according to claim 14 and the measuring device according to the invention according to claim 17.

Der Kern der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt also darin, dass das Prinzip der densitometrischen Farbdichtemessung verlassen und durch spektrale Farbmessung ersetzt wird, wobei die spektralen Remissionen der ausgemessenen Testbereiche bestimmt werden und die Steuerung der Farbführung (zumindest während der Einrichtphase der Druckmaschine) aufgrund dieser spektralen Remissionen oder der daraus abgeleiteten farbmetrischen Kenngrössen und nicht aufgrund von Dichtemessungen erfolgt. Auf diese Weise können die Bildeindrücke auch heikler, bildwichtiger Stellen im Fortdruck optimal mit denjenigen des Andrucks bzw. Andruckersatzes in Uebereinstimmung gebracht werden, wobei bis zu einem gewissen Grad auch Farbabweichungen aufgrund unterschiedlicher Tonwertzunahmen und anderer Material- und Prozesseinflüsse ausgeglichen werden. Die Farbmessung selbst kann auf mitgedruckten Farbtestfeldern oder auch auf geeignet gewählten .Stellen (Testbereichen) im Bild erfolgen.The essence of the present invention thus lies in the fact that the principle of densitometric color density measurement is abandoned and replaced by spectral color measurement, the spectral remissions of the measured test areas being determined and the control of the color guidance (at least during the set-up phase of the printing press) based on these spectral remissions or the derived colorimetric parameters and not based on density measurements. In this way, the image impressions of sensitive, image-important points in the production run can be optimally matched to those of the proof or replacement, whereby to a certain extent color deviations due to different tonal value increases and other material and process influences are compensated for. The color measurement itself can be carried out on printed color test fields or also at suitably selected locations (test areas) in the image.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein stark vereinfachtes Blockschema einer erfindungsgemässen Druckanlage
  • Fig. 2 ein Blockschema des Messwerterfassungs-Teiles der Anlage nach Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Skizze eines Details aus Fig. 2.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a greatly simplified block diagram of a printing system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the measured value acquisition part of the system according to Fig. 1 and
  • 3 shows a schematic sketch of a detail from FIG. 2.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Druckanlage entspricht bis auf die noch zu erläuternden erfindungsgemässen Unterschiede im Messwerterfassungsteil im wesentlichen den bekannten Anlagen dieser Art, beispielsweise etwa der schon erwähnten Anlage gemäss OS 27 28 738. Dementsprechend umfasst die dargestellte Druckanlage ein Messwerterfassungsgerät 10, eine Steuerkonsole 20 und eine mit einer fernsteuerbaren Farbführung ausgestattete Druckmaschine 30.The printing system shown in FIG. 1 essentially corresponds to the known systems of this type, for example the already mentioned system according to OS 27 28 738, apart from the differences according to the invention to be explained in accordance with the invention. Accordingly, the printing system shown comprises a measured value recording device 10, a control console 20 and a printing press 30 equipped with a remotely controllable ink guide.

Mit dem Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 werden von der Druckmaschine 30 erzeugte Druckbogen 40 in einer Reihe von Testbereichen, beispielsweise etwa in ausgewählten Stellen des Druckbilds oder im Bereich von mitgedruckten Farbmessfeldern 41 fotoelektrisch ausgemessen, und aus den dabei gewonnenen Messdaten werden Steuerdaten 11 ermittelt, welche den Farbabweichungen der am Druck beteiligten Druckfarben in den einzelnen Druckzonen und Druckwerken entsprechen und als Eingangsgrössen der Steuerkonsole 20 zugeführt werden. Die Steuerkonsole 20 erzeugt aus den Steuerdaten 11 Stellsignale 21, welche die Farbführungsorgane der Druckmaschine 30 in der Weise verstellen, dass die Farbabweichungen minimal werden.With the measured value acquisition device 10, printing sheets 40 generated by the printing press 30 are photoelectrically measured in a number of test areas, for example in selected locations of the printed image or in the area of color measurement fields 41 that are also printed, and control data 11 are determined from the measurement data obtained in this way, which are the color deviations of the correspond to printing inks involved in printing in the individual printing zones and printing units and are supplied as input variables to the control console 20. The control console 20 generates control signals 21 from the control data 11, which adjust the ink guide elements of the printing press 30 in such a way that the color deviations are minimal.

In Fig. 2 ist der prinzipielle Aufbau des Messwerterfassungsgeräts 10 dargestellt. Er entspricht in weiten Teilen demjenigen des in US-PS 4505589 beschriebenen Gerätes, so dass sich die folgende Beschreibung im wesentlichen auf die erfindungsgemässen Unterschiede gegenüber diesem bekannten Gerät konzentriert.2 shows the basic structure of the measured value acquisition device 10. It largely corresponds to that of the device described in US Pat. No. 4,505,589, so that the following description concentrates essentially on the differences according to the invention compared to this known device.

Das Gerät 10 umfasst einen Messkopf 101, der z.B. mittels eines Schrittmotors 102 relativ zum auszumessenden Druckbogen bewegbar ist. Zusätzlich ist noch ein Handmesskopf 103 vorgesehen, der manuell auf dem gewünschten Testbereich des Druckbogens positioniert werden kann. Die beiden Messköpfe 101 und 103 enthalten eine nicht dargestellte Messanordnung, welche den auszumessenden Testbereich z.B. gemäss dem üblichen Standard unter 45° beleuchtet und das vom Testbereich unter 90° remittierte Licht auffängt und in einen Lichtleiter 104 einkoppelt, der es einem Spektrometer 105 zuführt. (Selbstverständlich kann das remittierte Licht dem Spektrometer auch über andere Mittel zugeführt werden.) Dort wird das remittierte Licht spektral zerlegt und gemessen. Die dabei gewonnenen Messdaten werden einem Rechner 106 zugeführt, der aus ihnen in noch zu erläuternder Weise die Steuerdaten 11 für die Steuerkonsole 20 ermittelt. Daneben bedient bzw. steuert der Rechner 106 eine Treiber-Elektronik 107 für den Schrittmotor 102 und die Speisung der Lichtquellen in den Messköpfen 101 und 103 und ein Datensichtgerät 108, einen Drucker 109, und eine Tastatur 110, alles im wesentlichen so wie beim genannten bekannten Gerät.The device 10 comprises a measuring head 101 which can be moved, for example by means of a stepping motor 102, relative to the printed sheet to be measured. In addition, a handheld measuring head 103 is also provided, which is positioned manually on the desired test area of the printed sheet can be. The two measuring heads 101 and 103 contain a measuring arrangement, not shown, which illuminates the test area to be measured, for example according to the usual standard, at 45 ° and collects the light remitted by the test area at 90 ° and couples it into a light guide 104, which feeds it to a spectrometer 105. (Of course, the remitted light can also be supplied to the spectrometer by other means.) There the remitted light is spectrally broken down and measured. The measurement data obtained in this way are fed to a computer 106, which determines the control data 11 for the control console 20 from them in a manner still to be explained. In addition, the computer 106 operates or controls a driver electronics 107 for the stepper motor 102 and the supply of the light sources in the measuring heads 101 and 103 and a data display device 108, a printer 109 and a keyboard 110, all essentially as in the known one Device.

Der für die Erfindung primär relevante Unterschied des dargestellten Messwerterfassungsgeräts 10 gegenüber dem erwähnten bekannten Gerät besteht in erster Linie darin, dass es zur spektralen Farbanalyse der speziell auszumessenden Testbereiche und somit zur farbmetrischen Analyse eingerichtet ist, während das bekannte Gerät lediglich densitometrische Farbdichten zu messen imstande ist, also keine Farbmessung/Farbmetrik erlaubt. Der zweite wesentliche Unterschied besteht in der Auswertung der fotoelektrischen Messdaten im Hinblick auf die Steuerung der Farbführung.The primarily relevant difference of the measured value acquisition device 10 shown for the invention compared to the known device mentioned is that it is set up for spectral color analysis of the test areas to be specifically measured and thus for colorimetric analysis, while the known device is only able to measure densitometric color densities , so no color measurement / colorimetry allowed. The second essential difference is the evaluation of the photoelectric measurement data with regard to the control of the color guidance.

In Fig. 3 ist der prinzipielle (an sich bekannte) Aufbau des Spektrometers 105 gezeigt. Das über den faseroptischen Lichtleiter 104 (oder direkt) von einem der Messköpfe 101 und 103 zugeführte Messlicht beaufschlagt über einen Eintrittsspalt ein holografisches Gitter 151 und wird von diesem nach Wellenlängen geordnet räumlich aufgespaltet. Das so spektral zerlegte Licht fällt derart auf eine zeilenförmige Anordnung von z.B. 35 Fotodioden 152, dass jede Fotodiode mit Licht eines individuellen, relativ engen Wellenlängenbereichs beaufschlagt wird. Die von den 35 Fotodioden erzeugten Messsignale entsprechen also der spektralen Intensitätsverteilung des Messlichts an 35 diskreten Stützpunkten (Wellenlängenbereichen). Zur Abfrage der Fotodioden 152 ist ein Interface (Schnittstelle) 153 vorgesehen, welches die Messsignale verstärkt und digitalisiert und so in eine für den Rechner 106 verständliche Form bringt. Das Interface könnte räumlich natürlich auch im Rechner angeordnet sein.3 shows the basic structure (known per se) of spectrometer 105. The measuring light supplied via one of the measuring heads 101 and 103 via the fiber-optic light guide 104 (or directly) acts on a holographic grating 151 via an entry slit and is spatially split by the latter in order of wavelengths. The so spectrally split light falls on a line-shaped arrangement of, for example, 35 photodiodes 152 in such a way that each photodiode is exposed to light of an individual, relatively narrow wavelength range. The measurement signals generated by the 35 photodiodes thus correspond to the spectral intensity Distribution of the measuring light at 35 discrete support points (wavelength ranges). To query the photodiodes 152, an interface (interface) 153 is provided which amplifies and digitizes the measurement signals and thus brings them into a form which the computer 106 can understand. The interface could of course also be arranged in the computer.

Das Messwerterfassungsgerät 10, die Steuerkonsole 20 und die eigentliche Druckmaschine 30 bilden einen geschlossenen Regelkreis. Bei den bisher bekannten Systemen dieser Art erfolgt die Regelung der Farbführung aufgrund von densitometrischen Dichtemessungen der beteiligten Druckfarben. Ergeben sich Abweichungen gegenüber entsprechenden Soll-Dichtewerten, so werden diese von der Steuerkonsole durch entsprechende Verstellung der Farbführungsorgane ausgeregelt, d.h. zu Null gemacht bzw. in den zulässigen Toleranzbereich gebracht. Die Farbführungssregelung erfolgt also farbdichtengesteuert.The measured value acquisition device 10, the control console 20 and the actual printing press 30 form a closed control loop. In the previously known systems of this type, the ink flow is regulated on the basis of densitometric density measurements of the printing inks involved. If there are deviations from the corresponding target density values, these are corrected by the control console by appropriate adjustment of the color guide elements, i.e. made zero or within the permissible tolerance range. The color guide control is therefore color density controlled.

Aus den einleitend erwähnten Gründen ist diese bekannte Art der Farbführungsateuerung nicht in allen Fällen vollauf befriedigend.For the reasons mentioned in the introduction, this known type of color guide inflation is not completely satisfactory in all cases.

Gemäss dem grundliegenden Gedanken der Erfindung wird das Prinzip der alleinigen farbdichtengesteuerten Farbführung verlassen und durch eine auf spektraler Farbmessung und Farbmetrik beruhende Steuerung wesentlich ergänzt. Mit anderen Worten, für jeden Testbereich (z.B. Farbmessfeld) werden durch spektrale Messung die spektralen Remissionen ermittelt und gegebenenfalls durch Umrechnung die Farbwerte eines ausgewählten Farbkoordinatensystems bestimmt und mit entsprechenden Soll-Remissionen respektive Soll-Farbwerten verglichen. Die Steuerung der Farbführung erfolgt dann aufgrund der Abweichungen der spektralen Remissionen oder der Farbwerte von den Soll-Werten ("Farbabstände") und nicht mehr aufgrund der Abweichungen der densitometrischen Farbdichten. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Regelung mit der Massgabe, dass der sich aus der Summe der Farbabstände verschiedener Testbereiche ergebende Gesamtabstand einer Druckzone minimal werden soll, wobei jeder Testbereich und entsprechend sein Farbabstand erwünschtenfalls mit einem individuellen Gewicht berücksichtigt werden kann.In accordance with the basic idea of the invention, the principle of color density-controlled color guidance is abandoned and is substantially supplemented by a control based on spectral color measurement and colorimetry. In other words, for each test area (eg color measuring field) the spectral remissions are determined by spectral measurement and, if necessary, the color values of a selected color coordinate system are determined by conversion and compared with corresponding target remissions or target color values. The color guidance is then controlled on the basis of the deviations in the spectral reflectances or the color values from the target values (“color distances”) and no longer on the basis of the deviations in the densitometric color densities. The control is preferably carried out with the proviso that the result of the sum of the color differences of different test areas Total distance of a printing zone should be minimal, whereby each test area and its color distance can be considered with an individual weight if desired.

Im folgenden wird die Steuerung nach Farbkoordinaten beschrieben. Für die Steuerung nach spektralen Remissionen gilt prinzipiell das gleiche.The control according to color coordinates is described below. In principle, the same applies to the control according to spectral remissions.

Das der Farbmessung zugrunde liegende Farbkoordinatensystem ist an sich beliebig. Vorzugsweise wird jedoch das L*a*b*-System oder das L*u*v*-System der CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage) verwendet. Unter Farbort wird im folgenden das Koordinaten-Tripel (L*, a*, b*) bzw. (L*, u*, v*) verstanden, unter Farbabstand entsprechend der Vektor ΔELab bzw. ΔELuv oder die Einzelvektoren (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*) bzw. (AL*, Au*, Δv*). Die Sollwerte der Farbkoordinaten (Soll-Farborte) für die einzelnen Testbereiche können dem Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 z.B. von Hand über die Tastatur 110 eingegeben werden. Viel einfacher und zweckmässiger ist es jedoch, den Andruck bzw. Andruckersatz, oder was sonst als Referenz dienen soll, mit dem Gerät selbst auszumessen und die Messwerte bzw. die daraus errechneten Daten als entsprechende Sollwerte abzuspeichern. Dasselbe gilt auch für die im Zusammenhang mit der noch zu beschreibenden, überlagerten dichteabhängigen Steuerung benötigen Farbdichte-Sollwerte.The color coordinate system on which the color measurement is based is in itself arbitrary. However, the L * a * b * system or the L * u * v * system of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage) is preferably used. In the following, the color locus is understood to mean the coordinate triple (L * , a * , b * ) or (L * , u * , v * ), the color distance corresponds to the vector ΔE Lab or ΔE Luv or the individual vectors (ΔL * , Δa * , Δb * ) or (AL * , Au *, Δv *). The target values of the color coordinates (target color locations) for the individual test areas can be entered into the measured value acquisition device 10 manually, for example, using the keyboard 110. However, it is much easier and more expedient to measure the pressure or pressure replacement, or whatever else should serve as a reference, with the device itself and to save the measured values or the data calculated therefrom as corresponding target values. The same also applies to the color density setpoints required in connection with the superimposed density-dependent control to be described.

Aus Gründen der leichteren Verständlichkeit einerseits und Kompatibilität mit bestehenden Geräten andererseits ist das gesamte Regelsystem darstellungsgemäss auf die beiden Komponenten Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 und Steuerkonsole 20 aufgeteilt und sind die vom Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 erzeugten Steuersignale 11 genau von derselben Art wie bei den bekannten Farbdichtemessanlagen, so dass das erfindungsgemässe Messwerterfassungserät 10 also direkt mit der genannten bekannten Steuerkonsole 20 zusammengeschlossen werden kann und zur Umrüstung einer entsprechenden Druckanlage auf das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren nur das Messwerterfassungsgerät ersetzt werden muss. Selbstverständlich ist es aber auch ohne weiteres möglich, die zur Ausregelung der Farbabweichungen erforderlichen Stellsignale ohne den Umweg über die kompatiblen Steuersignale unmittelbar aus den vom Messwerterfassungsgerät berechneten Farbabständen zu erzeugen und die dafür notwendigen elektrischen Schaltungen anders zusammenzufassen oder auch in ein einziges Gerät zu integrieren. Die dargestellte Zweiteilung ist daher, wenngleich auch sehr praxisnahe, rein beispielsweise zu verstehen.For reasons of easier comprehensibility on the one hand and compatibility with existing devices on the other hand, the entire control system is, according to the illustration, divided into the two components of the measurement value acquisition device 10 and control console 20 and the control signals 11 generated by the measurement value acquisition device 10 are of exactly the same type as in the known color density measurement systems, so that the invention Measured value acquisition device 10 can thus be connected directly to the known control console 20 mentioned and only the measured value acquisition device has to be replaced in order to convert a corresponding pressure system to the method according to the invention. Of course, it is also easy It is possible to generate the control signals required to correct the color deviations directly from the color distances calculated by the data acquisition device without going through the compatible control signals and to summarize the necessary electrical circuits differently or to integrate them into a single device. The division in two shown is therefore to be understood purely, for example, although it is also very practical.

Der Rechner 110 bildet, wie schon erläutert, für jeden Testbereich den Farbabstandsvektor AE . Jeder dieser Vektoren DE wird nun mit n n einem Gewichtsfaktor g gewichtet, sodass also jeder Testbereich individuell berücksichtigt werden kann. Bildtypische Testbereiche werden dabei ein grösseres Gewicht erhalten, weniger bildwichtige ein geringeres.As already explained, the computer 110 forms the color distance vector AE for each test area. Each of these vectors DE is now weighted with n n a weight factor g, so that each test area can therefore be taken into account individually. Typical test areas will be given greater weight, less important ones a lesser one.

Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, auf die Gewichtung zu verzichten, und alle Testbereiche gleich zu behandeln oder aber von vorneherein nur bestimmte Testbereiche zur Steuerung heranzuziehen. Die Gewichtsfaktoren können über die Tastatur z.B. auch interaktiv eingegeben oder vorprogrammiert sein.Of course, it is also possible to forego weighting and to treat all test areas equally, or to use only certain test areas for control from the outset. The weighting factors can be e.g. can also be entered interactively or preprogrammed.

Die gewichteten oder gegebenenfalls auch ungewichteten Farbabstandvektoren einzelner Messfelder werden mathematisch je mit einer z.B. empirisch ermittelten Transformationsmatrix multipliziert, und bei Beachtung gewisser Gütekriterien ergibt sich daraus ein Farb-Dichteänderungsvektor, dessen Komponenten die Dichteänderungen bzw. die Schichtdickenänderungen der am Druck beteiligten Druckfarben sind, und der damit die Steuerdaten für die betreffende Druckzone darstellt und solche Aenderungen der Einstellung der Farbführungsorgane hervorruft, dass der Gesamtfarbabstand - ermittelt als die Summe der Beträge oder Summe der Farbabstandquadrate der einzelnen Farbabstände - minimal wird. Dieser Gesamtfarbabstand kann auch als Qualitätsmass für den Druck dienen.The weighted or, if necessary, also unweighted color distance vectors of individual measuring fields are mathematically each with a e.g. multiplied empirically determined transformation matrix, and if certain quality criteria are taken into account, this results in a color density change vector, the components of which are the density changes or the layer thickness changes of the printing inks involved in the printing, and thus the control data for the printing zone in question and such changes in the setting of the ink guide elements causes that the total color difference - determined as the sum of the amounts or the sum of the color difference squares of the individual color differences - becomes minimal. This total color difference can also serve as a quality measure for the print.

Die Elemente der Transformationsmatrizen enthalten im wesentlichen die partiellen Ableitungen der Farbkoordinaten nach den Farbdichten der beteiligten Druckfarben. Sie können empirisch durch Messungen an entsprechenden Testdrucken oder synthetisch durch Modellierung ermittelt werden.The elements of the transformation matrices essentially contain the partial derivatives of the color coordinates according to the color densities of the printing inks involved. They can be determined empirically by measurements on appropriate test prints or synthetically by modeling.

Für den Dreifarbendruck hat der Dichteänderungsvektor drei Komponenten, und die Berechnung aus den ebenfalls drei Komponenten aufweisenden Farbabstandsvektoren ist daher relativ komplikationsfrei. Bei mehr als drei Druckfarben müssen jedoch die Beiträge der einzelnen Testbereiche in geeigneter Weise logisch den einzelnen Komponenten des Dichteänderungsvektors in der Weise zugeordnet werden, dass sich ein entsprechend mehrdimensionaler Vektor ergibt.For three-color printing, the density change vector has three components, and the calculation from the color distance vectors, which also have three components, is therefore relatively free of complications. With more than three printing inks, however, the contributions of the individual test areas must be logically assigned in a suitable manner to the individual components of the density change vector in such a way that a correspondingly multidimensional vector results.

Wie schon erwähnt, können die Stellsignale für die Farbführungsorgane aber ohne weiteres auch direkt aus den Farbabständen ermittelt werden. Auch hier wird man zweckmässigerweise wieder das Kriterium zugrundelegen, dass der Gesamtfarbabstand minimalisiert werden muss. Die unterschiedliche Gewichtung der einzelnen Testbereiche kann auch dabei angewandt werden.As already mentioned, the control signals for the color guide elements can also be determined directly from the color differences. Again, the criterion that the total color difference must be minimized is expediently used as a basis. The different weighting of the individual test areas can also be used here.

Der Druckprozess verläuft üblicherweise in drei Phasen. Da ist zunächst die mehr oder weniger grobe Voreinstellung ("Presetting") der Druckmaschine z.B. aufgrund von Messwerten der Druckplatten, dann die sogenannte Einrichtephase (Abstimmen, Registermachen), in der die Farbführung anhand des Andruckes bzw. Andruckersatzes auf die eine oder die andere Weise solange fein eingestellt wird, bis das Druckerzeugnis befriedigt, und schliesslich der Fortdruck, bei dem sich die Regelung darauf konzentriert, das bei der Einrichtung erreichte Ergebnis möglichst konstant beizubehalten. Ueblicherweise benützt man hierbei als Referenz nicht den Andruck oder dergleichen, .sondern den für gut befundenen Druckbogen, den sogenannten "O.K.-Bogen", und regelt im Fortdruck auf konstante densitometrische Farbdichten.The printing process usually runs in three phases. First there is the more or less rough presetting of the printing press e.g. on the basis of measured values from the printing plates, then the so-called setup phase (adjustment, registering), in which the ink guide is fine-tuned in one way or the other until the print product is satisfied, and finally the production run, at which the regulation focuses on maintaining the result achieved in the establishment as constant as possible. Usually, the reference or the like is not used as a reference, but rather the printed sheet which is found to be good, the so-called "O.K. sheet", and is regulated during production to constant densitometric color densities.

Die Phase der Dichteregelung im Fortdruck lässt sich sehr einfach auch mit der erfindungsgemässen Druckanlage realisieren. Es brauchen dazu lediglich die spektralen Remissionen in Filter-Farbdichten (entsprechend der Densitometrie) umgerechnet und mit den von einem O.K.-Bogen ermittelten Sollfarbdichtewerten verglichen zu werden. Die Differenzen der Farbdichten stellen dann unmittelbar die Steuerdaten 11 für die Steuerkonsole 20 dar.The phase of density control in continuous printing can also be implemented very easily with the printing system according to the invention. All that is required is to convert the spectral reflectances into filter color densities (corresponding to densitometry) and to compare them with the target color density values determined by an O.K. sheet. The differences in color densities then directly represent the control data 11 for the control console 20.

Gemäss einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens kann also das Einrichten der Druckmaschine wie weiter vorne beschrieben farbabstandgesteuert erfolgen und der Fortdruck dann in an sich herkömmlicher Weise farbdichtengesteuert stabilisiert werden. Ein besonderer Vorteil dabei ist ferner, dass der Farbdichte-Ermittlung beliebige Filtercharakteristiken zugrunde gelegt werden können, wodurch hohe Flexibilität einer solchen Anlage erreicht wird.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the setting up of the printing press can be carried out in a color-gap-controlled manner as described further above and the production run can then be stabilized in a conventional manner in a color-density-controlled manner. Another particular advantage is that the color density determination can be based on any filter characteristics, which achieves a high degree of flexibility in such a system.

Gemäss einer weiteren vorteilhaften Variante können die beiden Steuerungsprinzipien einander auch überlagert werden. Das heisst, während der farbdichtegesteuerten Fortdruckstabilisierung wird zusätzlich der Gesamtfarbabstand bestimmt und überwacht. Sollte der Gesamtfarbabstand aus irgendwelchen Gründen, z.B. aufgrund von Veränderungen im Druckprozess wie etwa Gummituchverschmutzung etc., einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert überschreiten, so kann in geeigneter Weise reagiert werden. Beispielsweise kann eine neue farbabstandgesteuerte Korrektur der Druckmaschine veranlasst werden, wobei dann gleichzeitig die Farbdichte-Sollwerte für die weitere Fortdruckstabilisierung angepasst (aktualisiert) würden, oder es kann nur oder zusätzlich eine entsprechende Fehlermeldung ausgegeben werden.According to a further advantageous variant, the two control principles can also be superimposed on one another. This means that the total color difference is also determined and monitored during the color density-controlled stabilization of the printing process. If the total color difference is due to any reason, e.g. due to changes in the printing process, such as rubber blanket contamination, etc., exceed a predetermined limit value, it is possible to react appropriately. For example, a new ink distance-controlled correction of the printing press can be initiated, in which case the ink density setpoints would then be adapted (updated) for the further stabilization of the printing press, or a corresponding error message can only or additionally be output.

Der Gesamtfarbabstand kann als Qualitätsmass betrachtet und erwünschtenfalls angezeigt oder ausgedruckt werden.The total color difference can be viewed as a quality measure and, if desired, displayed or printed out.

Ein wichtiges Element zur standardisierten Drucküberwachung ist der Farbaessstreifen. Die Rastertöne sollen dabei in verschiedenen Farb-und Tonwertkombinationen bzw. besonders kritischen Tönen angepasst vorkommen. Es ist auch möglich, kritische Töne aus dem Sujet in den Messstreifen aufzunehmen.An important element for standardized pressure monitoring is the color measurement strip. The screen tones should appear in different color and tonal value combinations or particularly critical tones. It is also possible to include critical tones from the subject in the measuring strips.

Sujets lassen sich farbabhängig erfahrungsgemäss in Gruppen einteilen, z.B. Möbelkataloge - Brauntöne qualitätsbestimmend -, Kosmetikprospekte und Porträts - Hauttöne dominant. So gibt es auch Gruppen, in denen z.B. Grau- oder Grüntöne vorherrschen. Dementsprechend lassen sich spezielle farborientierte Farbmessstreifen aufbauen und gezielt anwenden. Damit kann in einfacher Weise den bildbestimmenden Bereichen Rechnung getragen werden.Experience has shown that subjects can be divided into groups, e.g. Furniture catalogs - shades of brown determining quality -, cosmetic brochures and portraits - skin tones dominant. There are also groups in which e.g. Gray or green tones predominate. Accordingly, special color-oriented color measuring strips can be built up and used in a targeted manner. The areas determining the image can thus be taken into account in a simple manner.

Beim Andruck/Andruckersatz ist die Farbführung nicht immer zonal gesteuert. Es reicht in diesem Fall aus, von jedem Messfeldtyp ein Messfeld mitzudrucken und für die ganze Druckbogenbreite oder Teile davon als Sollwert zu übernehmen.With the proofing / proofing set, the inking is not always controlled zonally. In this case, it is sufficient to print one measuring field for each measuring field type and to adopt it as the target value for the entire printing sheet width or parts thereof.

Auf dem Fortdruckbogen mit zonaler Farbzuführung kann jede Zone einzeln überwacht werden. Zur Farbsteuerung wichtige Messfelder wie Einfarbenmessfelder zur dichtegesteuerten Regelung der Farbführung oder Mehrfarben-Raster-Felder zur colorimetrischen Steuerung müssen sich daher in möglichst kleinem Abstand wiederholen. Kontrollfelder für Farbannahme, Tonwertzunahme usw. können mit etwas grösserem Abstand montiert sein.Each zone can be monitored individually on the production sheet with zonal ink feed. Measuring fields that are important for color control, such as single-color measuring fields for density-controlled regulation of the color guide or multicolor raster fields for colorimetric control, must therefore be repeated at the smallest possible distance. Control fields for color acceptance, tone value increase etc. can be mounted at a slightly greater distance.

Im Dreifarbendruck wird der druckbare Farbraum durch die Farborte von Papierweiss, der Einfarben-Volltöne sowie der 2- und 3-Farben-Volltonübereinanderdrucke (Weiss, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Rot, Grün, Blau, Schwarz) begrenzt. Sämtliche Rastertöne liegen innerhalb dieses Farbraumes. Beim Druck können Farbabweichungen zwar nicht in allen Farbtönen gleichzeitig ausgeglichen werden, jedoch ist eine Optimierung des mittleren Farbabstandes möglich. Es ist daher zweckmässig, nebst den Feldern für die farbdichtegesteuerte Regelung für die farbabstandgesteuerte Farbführung zusätzlich geeignete 2-und/oder 3-Farben-Rasterfelder wie Graubalance-Felder oder sujetabhängig heikle Töne heranzuziehen.In three-color printing, the printable color space is limited by the color locations of paper white, the single-color solid tones as well as the 2 and 3-color solid tone overlays (white, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, black). All grid tones are within this color space. When printing, color deviations cannot be compensated for in all colors at the same time, but an optimization of the mean color difference is possible. It is therefore appropriate, in addition to the fields for the color density-controlled control to use suitable 2 and / or 3-color grid fields such as gray balance fields or sensitive tones, depending on the subject, for the color distance-controlled color routing.

Im Vierfarbendruck wird die Verschwärzlichung durch 3 Buntfarben und/oder durch Schwarz erzeugt. Als Messfelder zur farbortgesteuerten Regelung können daher auch Rasterfelder mit Schwarz und 2 oder 3 Buntfarben von Interesse sein. Die Farbtöne werden mit Vorteil aus kritischen Bereichen des Farbraums gewählt. Bei Verwendung von 4-Farben-Rasterfeldern muss eine Farbe als freier Parameter vorbestimmt oder auf einem separaten Farbmessfeld zusätzlich gemessen werden.In four-color printing, the blackening is created by 3 chromatic colors and / or black. Grid fields with black and 2 or 3 chromatic colors can therefore also be of interest as measuring fields for color location-controlled control. The color tones are advantageously chosen from critical areas of the color space. When using 4-color grid fields, a color must be predetermined as a free parameter or additionally measured on a separate color measuring field.

Für Sonderfarben können je nach Sujet nach analogen Gesichtspunkten geeignete Farbmessfelder bestimmt werden.Depending on the subject, suitable color measurement areas can be determined for special colors according to analogous criteria.

Claims (25)

1. Verfahren zur Steuerung des Farbauftrages einer Druckmaschine, wobei ein mit der Maschine gedruckter Druckbogen in einer Anzahl von Testbereichen fotoelektrisch ausgemessen wird, die dabei gewonnen Messdaten in Verbindung mit Sollwerten zu Steuerdaten verarbeitet werden und die Farbführung der Druckmaschine anhand dieser Steuerdaten automatisch gesteuert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Testbereiche farbmetrisch ausgemessen und ihre auf ein ausgewähltes Farbkoordinatensystem bezogenen Farborte bestimmt werden, dass für die ausgemessenen Testbereiche die Farbabstände zu zugeordneten, auf dasselbe Farbkoordinatensystem bezogenen Soll-Farborten bestimmt werden, und dass die Bildung der Steuerdaten und Steuerung der Farbführung aufgrund dieser Farbabstände erfolgt.1. A method for controlling the ink application of a printing press, a printed sheet printed with the press being photoelectrically measured in a number of test areas, the measurement data obtained in this process being processed in connection with setpoints for control data and the color control of the printing press being controlled automatically on the basis of this control data, characterized in that the test areas are measured colorimetrically and their color locations related to a selected color coordinate system are determined, that for the measured test areas the color distances to assigned target color locations related to the same color coordinate system are determined, and that the formation of the control data and control of the color guide are based on of these color differences. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Farbführung so gesteuert wird, dass einzelne Farbabstände bestimmter Testbereiche minimal werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the color guidance is controlled so that individual color distances of certain test areas are minimal. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Farbführung so gesteuert wird, dass der sich aus den einzelnen Farbabständen ergebende Gesamtfarbabstand minimal wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the color guidance is controlled so that the total color difference resulting from the individual color differences is minimal. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Farbabstände bei der Ermittlung des Gesamtfarbabstandes mit unterschiedlichen Gewichten berücksichtigt werden.4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the individual color differences are taken into account when determining the total color difference with different weights. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ermittlung der Steuerdaten druckzonenweise aus den Farbabständen der den betreffenden Druckzonen angehörenden Testbereiche erfolgt.5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the determination of the control data by printing zone is carried out from the color distances of the test areas belonging to the relevant printing zones. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ermittlung der zonalen Steuerdaten aus den Farbabständen von zonenübergreifenden Testbereichen erfolgt.6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the zonal control data is determined from the color distances of cross-zone test areas. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gewichtung der einzelnen Farbabstände über die Druckbreite bereichsweise unterschiedlich ist.7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the weighting of the individual color differences over the printing width is different in some areas. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerdaten durch spektralfotometrische Messung bei einer Anzahl verschiedener Wellenlängen aus den dabei ermittelten spektralen Remissionen direkt bestimmt werden.8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the control data are determined directly by spectrophotometric measurement at a number of different wavelengths from the spectral remissions determined. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerdaten aus den durch digitale Filterung der spektralen Remissionen mit den CIE-Normspektralwertkurven gewonnenen Normfarbwerten und deren Umrechnung in ein ausgewähltes für die Farbabstandsbewertung geeignetes Farbkoordinationssystem, insbesondere das CIELAB- oder CIELUV-System, bestimmt werden.9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the control data from the standard color values obtained by digital filtering of the spectral remissions with the CIE standard spectral value curves and their conversion into a selected color coordination system suitable for the color distance evaluation, in particular the CIELAB or CIELUV System to be determined. 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerdaten aus den durch digitale Filterung der spektralen Remissionen mit ausgewählten Farbfilterkurven gewonnenen Filterfarbdichten bestimmt werden.10. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the control data are determined from the filter color densities obtained by digital filtering of the spectral remissions with selected color filter curves. 11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einrichten der Druckmaschine respektive das Abstimmen des Druckes auf die Vorlage farbabstandgesteuert und danach der Fortdruck aufgrund von Filter-Farbdichten so erfolgt, dass diese Farbdichten im wesentlichen auf konstanten Sollwerten gehalten werden.11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the setting up of the printing machine or the matching of the print to the template is controlled by the color distance and thereafter the printing is carried out on the basis of filter color densities such that these color densities are kept essentially at constant target values . 12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Testbereiche in Form von mitgedruckten Farbmessfeldern ver- .wendet und insbesondere auch Mehrfarben-Raster-Felder als Farbmessfelder vorgesehen werden.12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that test areas in the form of printed color measurement fields are used. In particular, multi-color raster fields are also provided as color measurement fields. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der farbabstandgesteuerten Farbführungsregelung die farbdichtengesteuerte Fortdruckstabilisierung in dem Sinne überlagert ist, dass eine neue farbabstandgesteuerte Korrektur unter gleichzeitiger Aktualisierung der Sollwerte für die Farbdichten vorgenommen wird, wenn die farbmetrischen Farbabstände einen Grenzwert überschreiten.13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the color-distance-controlled ink guide control is superimposed on the color-density-controlled production stabilization in the sense that a new color-distance-controlled correction is carried out with simultaneous updating of the target values for the color densities if the colorimetric color distances exceed a limit. 14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Gesamtfarbabstände auch während des Fortdruckes gebildet und überwacht wird bzw. werden, und dass beim Ueberschreiten der Farbabstands-Toleranz eine Warnung ausgegeben oder eine neue farbabstandgesteuerte Korrektur der Druckmaschine vorgenommen wird.14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the total color difference (s) is or are also formed and monitored during the production run, and that a warning is issued if the color difference tolerance is exceeded or a new color distance-controlled correction of the printing machine is carried out. 15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Farbmessfelder verwendet werden, deren Farbton aus ausgewählten kritischen Bildbereichen des Druckbogens übernommen ist.15. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that color measuring fields are used, the color of which is taken from selected critical image areas of the printing sheet. 16. Druckanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1-15, mit einer Druckmaschine, einem Erfassungsgerät zur fotoelektrischen Ausmessung eines Druckbogens und einer Steuereinrichtung zur Verarbeitung der vom Erfassungsgerät produzierten Messdaten und zur Erzeugung von Stellsignalen für die Farbführungsorgane der Druckmaschine aus diesen Messdaten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Erfassungsgerät dazu eingerichtet ist, den Druckbogen bei einer Anzahl verschiedener Wellenlängen spektralfotometrisch auszumessen, und dass die Steuereinrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, die vom Erfassungsgerät erzeugten spektralfotometrischen Messdaten zu spektralen Remissionen und Farbortkoordinaten umzurechnen.16. Printing system for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1-15, with a printing machine, a detection device for the photoelectric measurement of a printing sheet and a control device for processing the measurement data produced by the detection device and for generating actuating signals for the ink guide members of the printing machine from these measurement data, characterized in that the recording device is set up to measure the printed sheet spectrophotometrically at a number of different wavelengths, and in that the control device is designed to convert the spectral-photometric measurement data generated by the recording device to spectral remissions and color location coordinates. 17. Druckanlage nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, aus den errechneten Farb- prtkoordinaten durch Vergleich mit Sollfarbortkoordinaten Farbabstände zu bestimmen und die Stellsignale aufgrund dieser Farbabstände zu erzeugen.17. Printing system according to claim 16, characterized in that the control device is designed to determine color distances from the calculated color p rt coordinates by comparison with target color location coordinates and to generate the actuating signals on the basis of these color distances. 18. Druckanlage nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, die vom Erfassungerät erzeugten spektralfotometrischen Messdaten auch zu Farbdichten umzurechnen und die Stellsignale für die Farbführungsorgane auch aus dem Vergleichsergebnis dieser Farbdichten mit entsprechenden Sollfarbdichten zu erzeugen.18. Printing system according to claim 17, characterized in that the control device is designed to convert the spectrophotometric measurement data generated by the recording device also to color densities and to generate the actuating signals for the color guide members also from the comparison result of these color densities with corresponding target color densities. 19. Druckanlage nach Ansprüchen 16-18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messdaten und daraus ermittelte Werte angezeigt und/oder anderweitig ausgegeben werden.19. Printing system according to claims 16-18, characterized in that the measurement data and values determined therefrom are displayed and / or otherwise output. 20. Messvorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Steuerdaten für eine Druckmaschine mit einem Erfassungsgerät zum bereichsweisen fotoelektrischen Ausmessen eines Druckbogens und mit einer Verarbeitungseinrichtung, die die unmittelbaren fotoelektrischen Messdaten aufbereitet und daraus die Steuerdaten erzeugt, welche die farbliche Abweichung der abgetasteten Druckbogenbereiche von entsprechenden Sollwerten repräsentieren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Erfassungsgerät dazu eingerichtet ist, den Druckbogen bei einer Anzahl verschiedener Wellenlängen spektralfotometrisch auszumessen, und dass die Verarbeitungseinrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, die vom Erfassungsgerät erzeugten spektralfotometrischen Messdaten zu spektralen Remissionen und Farbortkoordinaten umzurechnen, mit Sollfarbortkoordinaten zu vergleichen, die Farbabstände zu diesen zu bestimmen und aus den Farbabständen die Steuerdaten für die Druckmaschine zu erzeugen.20.Measuring device for generating control data for a printing press with a detection device for the area-wise photoelectric measurement of a printed sheet and with a processing device which prepares the immediate photoelectric measurement data and generates the control data therefrom which represent the color deviation of the scanned print sheet areas from corresponding target values that the recording device is set up to measure the printing sheet spectrophotometrically at a number of different wavelengths, and that the processing device is designed to convert the spectral-photometric measurement data generated by the recording device to spectral remissions and color location coordinates, to compare them with target color location coordinates, to determine the color distances from these and to generate the control data for the printing press from the color differences. 21. Messvorrichtung gemäss Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verarbeitungsseinrichtung zusätzlich dazu ausgebildet ist, die vom Erfassungsgerät erzeugten spektralfotometrischen Messdaten zu Filter-Farbdichten umzurechnen, mit Sollfarbdichten zu vergleichen und aus dem Vergleichsergebnis die Steuerdaten für die Druckmaschine zu erzeugen.21. Measuring device according to claim 20, characterized in that the processing device is additionally designed to convert the spectrophotometric measurement data generated by the recording device to filter color densities, to compare them with target color densities and to generate the control data for the printing press from the comparison result. 22. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zur Durchführung der Verfahrensschritte gemäss einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-15 eingerichtet ist.22. Measuring device according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that it is set up to carry out the method steps according to one or more of claims 1-15. 23. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben der fotoelektrischen Farbmessung mit einem gesteuert bewegten Messkopf ein frei beweglicher Messkopf angeschlossen ist, mit dem an beliebiger Stelle und an beliebigen Proben die Farbmessung erfolgen kann.23. Measuring device according to claim 20, characterized in that in addition to the photoelectric color measurement with a controlled moving measuring head, a freely movable measuring head is connected, with which the color measurement can be carried out at any point and on any samples. 24. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der frei bewegliche Messkopf auf den gleichen Spektrometerbaustein wie der gesteuert bewegte Messkopf wirkt.24. Measuring device according to claim 23, characterized in that the freely movable measuring head acts on the same spectrometer module as the controlled moving measuring head. 25. Farbmessstreifensatz zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser aus mehreren Farbmessstreifen besteht, deren Mehrfarben-Messfelder in unterschiedlichen Farbtönen aufgebaut sind und den bildbestimmenden Farbtönen des zu druckenden Bildes entsprechend ausgewählt und montiert werden kann.25. set of color measuring strips for carrying out the method, characterized in that it consists of several color measuring strips, the multicolor measuring fields of which are constructed in different colors and can be selected and installed in accordance with the image-determining colors of the image to be printed.
EP86810562A 1985-12-10 1986-12-04 Process for controlling the application of colours in a printing machine, printing device equipped therewith and measuring device for such a printing device Expired - Lifetime EP0228347B2 (en)

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AT86810562T ATE47564T1 (en) 1985-12-10 1986-12-04 PROCEDURE FOR INK ORDER CONTROL IN A PRINTING PRESS, APPROPRIATELY EQUIPPED PRINTING SYSTEM AND MEASURING DEVICE FOR SUCH PRINTING SYSTEM.

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CH5262/85 1985-12-10
CH526285 1985-12-10

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DE3903981C2 (en) * 1989-02-10 1998-04-09 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Process for controlling ink filling in a printing press
DE3903981A1 (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-16 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag METHOD FOR REGULATING THE COLORING OF PRINTED PRODUCTS
DE4038574C1 (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-17 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag, 6050 Offenbach, De
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DE4104537A1 (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-20 Grapho Metronic Gmbh & Co Controlling offset printing machine for good colour reproduction - Colormetrically measuring fields over saturated and pastel coloured and ascertaining disparity difference from colour stipulated by original
EP0540430A2 (en) * 1991-09-19 1993-05-05 LINTEC Co., Ltd. Printing device, and printing state and printing position detection and correction methods for printing device
EP0705784A3 (en) * 1991-09-19 1996-12-18 Lintec Co Ltd Printing position detection and correction methods for printing device
EP0540430B1 (en) * 1991-09-19 1997-12-29 LINTEC Corporation Printing device, and printing state and printing position detection and correction methods for printing device
EP0585740A1 (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-03-09 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Method for printing process control on a printing press using halftone photoengraving in particular a sheet offset printing machine
EP0600335A1 (en) * 1992-11-28 1994-06-08 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Method for zonal open/closed loop control of ink supply in a printing machine
EP0884178B1 (en) * 1993-06-25 2001-10-04 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Process for regulating the inking in a printing machine
EP0659559A3 (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-12-18 Roland Man Druckmasch Method of controlling the ink supply in a printing machine.
DE4403861A1 (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-08-10 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Multi-colour printing process using printing machine for print image
DE4403861C2 (en) * 1994-02-08 1998-08-20 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Method for producing a multicolored print with a printing press in at least two different runs
DE19515499A1 (en) * 1995-04-27 1996-10-31 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Print colour determination for offset printer
DE19627459B4 (en) * 1996-07-08 2010-01-07 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method for controlling a printing machine
CN1089687C (en) * 1997-02-19 2002-08-28 鲍德温格拉弗泰克有限公司 Equipment and method for carrying out quality management
EP0860276A1 (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-26 Baldwin Grafotec GmbH Device and method for quality control
EP0916491A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-19 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Method for the determination of colorimetric gradients
EP0925917A1 (en) * 1997-11-29 1999-06-30 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Measuring system
EP1092972A1 (en) * 1999-10-11 2001-04-18 Gretag-Macbeth AG Apparatus for automatic measurements on measuring fields
EP1291645A1 (en) * 1999-10-11 2003-03-12 Gretag-Macbeth AG Apparatus for automatic measurement of test fields
US7551317B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2009-06-23 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Color control for a printing press having spectrally based colorimetry
WO2005043135A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-12 Arjowiggins Method and device for controlling the color of a support
FR2861845A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-06 Arjo Wiggins METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE COLOR OF A SUPPORT
US7271909B2 (en) 2003-12-09 2007-09-18 Fujifilm Corporation Regulated amount measuring apparatus, and regulated amount measuring program storage medium
US7481165B2 (en) 2004-12-18 2009-01-27 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Method for controlling inking in an offset press
DE102007059176B4 (en) * 2007-12-06 2013-10-17 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Method for operating a printing press and printing press for carrying out the method
DE102007059176A1 (en) 2007-12-06 2009-06-10 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Printing machine comprises an optical measuring device, with which light is examined for optical actual values, where the machine disposes over a color line system, a controlling- and an evaluation device, and a viscosity measuring device
DE102007059175A1 (en) 2007-12-06 2009-06-10 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Color mixture composition regulating method for sheet fed printing machine, involves producing correction color mixture due to variation of optical actual values that are obtained by continuous and even printed print substrate
DE102007059177B4 (en) * 2007-12-06 2011-07-14 Windmöller & Hölscher KG, 49525 Apparatus and method for controlling the composition of the printing ink on a printing machine
DE102007059177A1 (en) 2007-12-06 2009-06-10 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Color mixture composition controlling method for printing machine, involves obtaining optical actual values from light, and producing adjustment color mixture by deviations between actual values and optical desired values
US8708439B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2014-04-29 Windmoeller & Hoelscher Kg Language and method for measuring the viscosity of printing ink during the printing and ink correction process
US9358777B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2016-06-07 Windmoeller & Hoelscher Kg Language and method for measuring the viscosity of printing ink during the printing and ink correction process
DE102009046853A1 (en) * 2009-11-19 2011-05-26 Manroland Ag Method for determining the properties of a printed substrate
EP2910375A1 (en) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-26 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG Conversion of spectral characterisation data
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JP2505434B2 (en) 1996-06-12
DE3666554D1 (en) 1989-11-30
ATE47564T1 (en) 1989-11-15
JPS62146633A (en) 1987-06-30
EP0228347B2 (en) 1996-11-13
US6041708A (en) 2000-03-28

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