EP0226523A1 - Universal fire box for solid fuels - Google Patents

Abstract

The universal fire box forming the subject of the invention, which is inserted between the sides of a fireplace, comprises a metal envelope casing (1), the front face (2) of which is open and the upper face (3) partially open, having turned down edges (4, 5), on which openings (6) are made for the passage of the mixture of new air and air to be recycled once heated, the inner face (7) is equipped with symmetrical vertical partitions (8, 14, 15) opening onto the front of the fire box, a fire box plate (16) resting on the partitions gives rise to corridors, in particular a peripheral corridor (18) for the intake of new air drawn from the outside and air to be recycled and two corridors (19) for drawing the combustion air diffused inside the fire box by means of openings (21) made on the fire box plate. Behind the fire box plate (16) lies the chimney back (30) bearing against the turned-down edge (5) in order to give rise to a shaft (32) for heating, during its passage in said shaft (32), the mixture of new air and air to be recycled before its discharge into the room to be heated by means of shafts (50a) which prolong the openings (6).

Description

The present invention relates to a universal hearth with heat recovery in air or air and water for solid fuels inserted between the jambs of existing or to be built chimneys making it possible to carry out combustion in an open fire hearth, a combustion in a closed hearth glazed with casing for the evacuation of the burnt gases and combustion in a glazed closed hearth called "insert" without casing for the evacuation of the burnt gases.

We know different fireplaces for solid fuels with heat recovery in air or air and water inserted between the jambs of existing or future chimneys, their construction is unitary and it does not allow the realization of the six known versions of fireplaces by use standard elements.

The invention aims to overcome the drawbacks described above, it allows the development of six versions of fireplaces using standard elements common to all versions.

The subject of the invention is a universal hearth inserting between the jambs of existing or to be constructed fireplaces comprising a metal envelope box of parallelepiped shape, the front face of which is fully open while the upper face is only partially open, on the lower side and inner side are symmetrically attached vertical partitions on which the hearth plate is generally cast iron in the grooves fitted for this purpose according to the distribution of the partitions in order to generate corridors opening onto the front, a partition developing parallel to the lateral and rear faces generates the air intake corridor to be recycled drawn from inside the room, two other symmetrical partitions ques and parallel to the side faces develop from the front of the box to the partition parallel to the rear face, they delimit the corridors for the primary combustion air, said corridors having a baffle by means of partial partitions so as to the air is preheated in contact with protruding pins or teeth staggered or in a sinusoidal pattern which is provided on the underside of the hearth plate at the base of said corridor, the combustion air being diffused in the hearth by means openings made on the hearth plate at the front end of the corridor, said partitions parallel to the lateral faces developing up to the partition parallel to the rear face of the box delimit the location of the ash drawer below which the hearth plate is provided with recesses allowing the fall of ash, on the hearth plate in its rear part a groove is arranged in which the vertical reluctant is developed, developing up to level of the upper face of the box where it rests and is immobilized on the partial return generating a sheath for the passage of the air to be recycled in mixture with fresh air drawn from outside, said air mixture being heated during its passage in the sheath in contact with the protruding pins or teeth which is provided to counter it, said protruding pins or teeth contained in the sheath being distributed in a staggered or sinusoidal pattern in order to perfect the heat exchange.

In the case of an open hearth on the lateral faces of the box, a lining of refractory material immobilized by any known means is reported, the front openings of the corridors not being closed, the air admitted through the air corridors of combustion being directed thanks to the removal of material delimited on the partitions parallel to the lateral faces of the box facilitated by an initial pre-sinking in the air intake corridor to be recycled, the openings made for the diffusion of combustion air arranged on the hearth plate being closed by an attached sheet or the front frame of the hearth plate made of refractory materials.

For a glazed closed hearth called "insert" without casing for the evacuation of the burnt gases, on either side of the lateral faces of the box are added parallel side plates which fit into the grooves provided on the hearth plate and generally reluctantly cast iron, their upper part resting and being immobilized on the partial return of the upper face of the box in order to generate lateral sheaths inside which are contained the pins or projecting teeth distributed as previously described and with which the side plates are provided, outlets for recycling air are arranged on the partial returns of the upper face of the box to allow the expulsion of said air after the heat exchange. On the front face is reported in the upper part a V-shaped metal element of which a branch arranged in a horizontal plane is provided with recesses to allow the passage of preheated air during its passage in said V-shaped element before its diffusion to the interior of the hearth thanks to the offset of the second branch of the closing glass and this so that the mixture of said secondary air heated with the burnt gases causes the combustion of the burnt gases, also avoiding the taring of the glazing. In the lower part of the hearth opposite the openings for diffusing primary air for preheated combustion in the corridors, a metal tunnel provided with openings facing upwards near the glazing makes it possible to channel said heated air, its distribution and distribution flush with the glazing to also remove tar from the glass. In order to improve the recovery efficiency, a movable internal flap for adjusting the exhaust of the burnt gases is arranged in the upper part of the side plates directly above the exhaust gas opening. The recycled air, drawn both inside the room and outside during its passage behind the stove, reluctant or lateral plates, is diffused in the room through the vents arranged on the partial returns from the upper face of the box to the by means of a collector extended by removable exhaust tubes in contact with the burnt gases to improve heat recovery. The glazing before the fireplace is closed is contained in one or more metal frames forming one or two doors fixed on a frame with double seals forming a sliding door block in fixed side rails so as to be able to cause the block to rise. - full door or normal opening of the door (s). The double gasket of the frame ensures a general seal when the door unit is in the low position, the doors closed.

In the case of a closed glazed hearth with tubing for the discharge of burnt gases, only a drain is disposed on the partial returns of the upper face of the box and in the groove provided on the horizontal face of the V-shaped element. Only the elements extending the heated air discharge openings are different.

• - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un caisson standard,
• - la figure 2, une vue de face d'un caisson standard avec plaque foyère et contrecoeur standard engendrant un foyer ouvert,
• - la figure 3, une vue en coupe d'un foyer ouvert,
• - la figure 4, le détail d'une plaque foyère vue de dessous,
• - la figure 5, le détail d'un contrecoeur vu de derrière,
• - la figure 6, un foyer fermé vitré dit "insert", sans tubage d'évacuation des gaz brûlés, vu en coupe,
• - la figure 7, le détail d'un élément supérieur,
• - la figure 8, le détail de l'élément bas,
• - la figure 9, une vue de côté montrant les glissières du vitrage,
• - la figure 10, une vue en coupe du vitrage,
• - la figure 11, la mise en place du foyer représenté figure 6 dans une che­minée,
• - la figure 12, une vue en coupe d'un foyer fermé avec avaloir,
• - la figure 13, une vue en coupe du foyer avec avaloir, vu de face,
• - la figure 14, la mise en place d'un foyer représenté en coupe figures 12 et 13 dans une cheminée.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly ment of the description which will follow made with reference to the attached drawings given by way of nonlimiting example, where:

• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a standard box,
• FIG. 2, a front view of a standard box with a hearth plate and standard reluctant generating an open hearth,
• FIG. 3, a sectional view of an open hearth,
• - Figure 4, the detail of a hearth plate seen from below,
• - Figure 5, the detail of a reluctant seen from behind,
• FIG. 6, a closed glass hearth known as an "insert", without exhaust gas exhaust pipe, seen in section,
• - Figure 7, the detail of an upper element,
• - Figure 8, the detail of the bottom element,
• FIG. 9, a side view showing the slides of the glazing,
• FIG. 10, a sectional view of the glazing,
• FIG. 11, the installation of the hearth shown in FIG. 6 in a chimney,
• FIG. 12, a sectional view of a closed hearth with drain,
• FIG. 13, a sectional view of the hearth with drain, seen from the front,
• - Figure 14, the establishment of a hearth shown in section Figures 12 and 13 in a chimney.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the universal hearth inserting between the legs of a chimney built or to be built comprises a metal casing casing 1 of parallelepipedal shape having a front face 2 open and an upper face 3 partially open with edges fallen 4 and 5 on which are arranged openings 6 for the passage of the mixture of fresh air and to be recycled once reheated. On the lower face 7 are symmetrically attached vertical partitions, a partition 8 developing from the front face 2 parallel to the lateral faces 9 of the box 1 and to the rear face 10, the connection of the partition 8 at the faces 9 and 10 has a bias portion 11 and this in order to facilitate the installation or extraction of fans 12, on the bias portion 11 a pre-sinking 11a is carried out, on the portion 13 of the partition 8 parallel to the rear face 10 connects a vertical partition 14 developing from the front face 2, intermediately a partial partition 15 is disposed between the partitions 8 and 14 so as to generate, when the hearth plate 16 is placed on the vertical partitions 8, 14 and 15, the latter fit into the grooves 17 shown in FIG. 4 of the corridors opening onto the front face 2, a peripheral corridor 18 for admitting the air to be recycled and two corridors 19 for the combustion air, the corridors 19 thanks to the partial partitions 15 having a baffle so that the combustion air performs a circuit during which it preheats on contact with the pins 20 with which the hearth plate 16 is provided, said preheated combustion air being diffused inside the hearth thanks to the openings 21 arranged on the hearth plate 16, in order to regulate the flow of combustion air of the adjustable shutters 22 shown in FIGS. 11 and 14 by micrometric screws for example, are placed facing each of the ends corridors 19, although not necessary the openings before the corridors 18 are also provided with shutters 22, the space 23 between the partitions 14 is intended to receive an ashtray 24, in order to maintain said ashtray a support plate 25 connects the partitions 14, the ashes passing through recesses 26 arranged on the hearth plate 16 shown in FIG. 4 directly above the latter, the air to be recycled and to be heated passing through the corridors 18 drawn from inside the room where the hearth is located is mixed with fresh air drawn from outside, the latter penetrating into the rear sheath formed by the reluctant 30 and the rear face 10 of the box 1 by means of openings 27 arranged on the vertical faces 9 or 10 or on the lower face 7 according to the position of the supply duct of said outside air, the openings 27 then being arranged by removal of the material facilitated by an initial pre-sinking during manufacture. In the rear part of the hearth plate 16 a groove 28 is arranged to receive the lower end 29 of the counter-core 30 shown in FIG. 5, the groove 28 is aligned with the end of the fallen edge 5 of the box 1 so that the counter-core 30 is vertical, the latter being immobilized in the groove 28 and resting on the fallen edge 5 on which it can be immobilized by means of brackets and bolts not shown, at the rear the reluctant is provided with pins 31 or projecting teeth contained in the sheath 32 arranged by the offset of the reluctant 30 of the rear face 10 of the box 1, the sheath 32 being intended to allow the passage of the mixture of the fresh air and the air to be recycled so that a heat exchange takes place between these and the metal elements before its diffusion through the openings 6 at the outlet of which it is channeled and directed by suitable sheaths.

Plumb with the ends of the fallen edges 4 parallel to the lateral faces, the hearth plate 16 is provided with grooves 33 on the upper face, vertically and on the front face of the grooves 34 are arranged on the counter-core 30 as an extension of the grooves 33.

According to the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, the universal hearth comprises to generate an open hearth, an envelope box 1, a hearth plate 16 and reluctantly 30, on the side faces 9 bearing on the lateral sides of the hearth plate 16 and reluctantly 30 is attached a lining 35 of prefabricated traditional refractory material, the outside face of said lining being aligned with the end of the fallen edges 4, the discharge openings 6 arranged on the fallen edges 4 being closed by the lining 35, only the sheath 32 allows the circulation of the mixture of air to be recycled and fresh air drawn from outside, the air to be recycled passing through the corridors 18 and 19, the air passing through the corridor 19 being directed towards the corridor 18 through the opening 11b arranged by removal of the material delimited by the pre-sinking 11a, the openings 21 arranged on the hearth plate being closed.

According to the embodiment shown in Figures 6 to 11 to generate a hearth called "insert", in the grooves 33 of the hearth plate 16 and 34 of the reluctant 30 fit the side plates 36 generally made of cast iron, the latter resting on the end of the fallen edges 4, in the upper front part, the plates 36 are held by means of a metallic element 37 shown in FIG. 7, in the form of a V, the upper face 37a of which is arranged horizontally and provided with openings 38 to allow passage secondary combustion air and this so as to heat said air before its diffusion in the top of the hearth, against the glazing 39 so as to avoid the taring of said glazing and cause during its mixing with the burnt gases, the recombustion of said gases . The element 37 on its face 37a is provided with a groove 40 near the connection of the wings 37a and 37b, the face 37b being offset from the glazing 39 in order to allow the diffusion of the heated air against the glazing. The element 37 is made integral with the side plates 36 by means of bolts for example. In order to improve the draft and avoid backflow, by reducing the flue gas exhaust pipe as well as to protect the flexible end portions of the hot air exhaust pipes towards the room or rooms, a metal deflector 42 is fixed by any suitable means on the face 37b of the element 37. In the lower part of the side plates 36, a square-shaped element 43 shown in FIG. 8 is arranged, the wing 43a fitting into a groove 44 arranged on the hearth plate 16, said element 43 covering the openings 21 of preheated primary combustion air, said air being diffused through openings 45 distributed on the wing 43b near the glazing 39, the front part of said element 43 being closed either by an attached plate 46 or by masonry covering for example, said element 43 being immobilized on the plates side 36 as previously described for item 37.

The offset of the side plates 36 of the faces 9 of the box 1 generates a sheath 47 inside which are contained the pins 48 or projecting teeth which are provided with said plates 36 according to a distribution as previously described in a staggered outline and / or sinusoidal, in order to perfect the heat exchange of the mixture of fresh air and to recycle with the metallic elements, said heated air being evacuated through openings 6 and recovered in a collector 49 adjusting on the fallen edges 4 and 5 facing the openings 6, the collected air is then ventilated through ducts 50 in the room or rooms to be heated. In order to regulate the exhaust of the burnt gases, a movable flap 51 detailed in FIG. 12 is arranged in the upper part of the side plates 36 and reluctantly 30, said flap 51 rests on four side supports 52 attached and fixed by bolts 53 for example on the side plates 36, on the axial rear part of the flap 51 is fixed an oblique arm 54 in the upper part of which fits into a lug 55 the axis 56 of connection of an extension 57 consisting of two dishes 58 whose spacing allows the penetration of the oblique arm 54, the other end of the extension being provided with a recess 59 in order to generate a spherical articulation with the end of a rod 60 sliding in a fixed sleeve 60a provided with notches 61 so as to allow the immobilization of the flap 51 at the desired opening by fitting the lug 62 with the removable extension 63 of the rod 60 is provided, said removable extension 63 fitting at the end of the rod 60 and is provided with a handful of e grip 64 protruding from the front of the hearth in order to allow the various maneuvers of the movable flap 51 and in particular its closing upwards, the opening downwards of said flap 51 being obtained by its simple gravity, the removal of the removable extension 63 of the rod 60 allowing the vertical clearance of the glazing door unit 39, the latter as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, consists of a movable frame 74, provided with a double seal 74a, said frame comprising tabs 69 provided at their end 70 with an axis 71 provided with tabs 72 the latter sliding in the slides 73 fixed externally on the front of the side plates 36 by any appropriate means such as screws and bolts, plumb with the legs 69 of the hinges 68 connect one or two movable frames 65 in the shape of a U receiving inside the wings 66 the window or windows 67, the slides 73 at the level of the legs 69 when the glazing is facing the hearth, have a bias profile so as to press the frame 74 and its seal 74a at the front of the side plates 36, wings 37a of the upper element 37 and the wing 43b of the lower element 43 in order to generate the seal in the low position, the frames 65 are immobilized between them and the door block / hearth assembly made integral and watertight in the low position by means of magnets 75, for example during vertical displacements, by removing the magnets 75, the frames 65 generating the doors are kept substantially closed during slipping contr e the top transverse element of the facade decoration, sealing is not necessary when the glazing is raised.

According to FIGS. 12 to 14, the glazed closed hearth differs from the hearth shown in FIG. 6 by adding a drain 76, the latter resting on the partial returns 4 and 5 of the box 1, its immobilization is obtained thanks to the upper parts 77 side faces projecting vertically from the fallen edges 4 and 78 of the fallen edge 5, the front face 79 of the hood fitting into the groove 40 formed on the wing 37a of the upper element 37, the evacuation of the heated air is produced by means of flexible ducts 50a leaving the openings 6 towards the part or parts to be heated.

In all versions, the low metal fuel support grid of various shapes, not shown because it is known, can be replaced by an identical metallic element formed by pipes in which a heat-transfer fluid circulates which allows a complementary calorific sample generating recovery systems. mixed air and water heat.

In all versions, the flexible ducts 50a for evacuating the new heated air or for recycling are arranged so that they are not in contact with the burnt gases to ensure their perfect resistance over time. In the particular case of the "insert" hearth, the part of the sheaths 50 which passes through the exhaust pipe for the burnt gases and therefore bathed by the said gases, is made up of rigid metallic elements of appropriate resistance up to passage of the deflector 42, the end portion of said sheaths 50a being protected after this deflector, it is possible to use flexible adjustable sheaths fitted into the elements 50 which allows instant decoupling and disassembly of the hearth, the flexible end portion of the evacuation sheaths staying in place.

In all versions, all of the outside fresh air intake and heated air exhaust ducts are provided at their ends with assemblies formed by a bushing and a flap, not shown, constituted by a frame which is fixed on the sleeve and which carries the movable shutter. Said movable flap is fully rotatable on two pivots so that it allows both the necessary adjustment of the passage of the desired amount of air and the complete shutter to prevent the untimely arrival of cold air when the hearth is not in operation.

Claims (11)

1 °) Universal hearth with heat recovery in air or air and water for solid fuels inserted between the jambs of existing or building chimneys allowing combustion to be carried out in open fire hearth, in closed hearth glazed without casing of the evacuation of the burnt gases, called "insert", or with tubing for the evacuation of the burnt gases, characterized in that it comprises standard elements known for the production of all versions, a metallic envelope box (1) of parallelepipedal shape whose front face (2) is open and the upper face (3) partially open while having fallen edges (4 and 5) on which are arranged openings (6) for the passage of the mixture of fresh air and air to be recycled once heated in contact with the metallic elements, the lower face (7) being provided with vertical symmetrical partitions (8, 14, 15) opening onto the front of the hearth, a hearth plate (16) fitting together by means of grooves (17 ) on said wall sounds generating corridors, a peripheral corridor (18) for the admission of fresh air drawn from outside the room containing the chimney and air to be recycled, and two corridors (19) for the primary combustion air, said air being diffused inside the hearth by means of openings (21) arranged on the hearth plate (16), the space included between the partitions (14) being intended to receive in support on a support sheet (25) a ashtray (24) collecting the ashes passing through recesses (26) arranged on the hearth plate (16), in the rear part of the hearth plate (16) fits into the groove (28) the reluctant (30) s' pressing in the upper part on the fallen edge (5) generating a sheath (32) inside which are contained the protruding pins or teeth (31) to heat during its passage the mixture of fresh air and to be recycled, laterally the hearth plate (16) and reluctantly (30) are provided with grooves (33, 34) in extension and in which fits ent the side plates (36) resting in the upper part on the fallen edges (4) generating sheaths (47) inside which are contained the protruding pins or teeth (48) of said plates (36) to perfect the exchange heat between the metal elements and the mixture of fresh air and to be recycled, a V-shaped metal upper element (37) generating a preheating chamber makes it possible to maintain the side plates (36) in their front part, the face ( 37a) upper disposed horizontally is provided with openings (38) for the passage of secondary air to be preheated before its diffusion into the top of the hearth between the end of the face (37b) offset from the glazing (39), said air being directed against the glazing (39) so as to avoid taring the glazing and causing the combustion of the burnt gases, the face (37a) being provided with a groove (40 ) near the connection of the wings (37a and 37b), a lower front element (43) in the form of a square is inserted in a groove (44) arranged on the hearth plate (16) covering the openings (21) of preheated primary combustion air used to diffuse and distribute said air through openings (45) distributed on the wing (43b) near the glazing (39) the front part being closed by an attached plate (46) or by the cladding masonry, a glazing block (39) in two movable frames (65) made integral with a frame 74, with lateral and vertical clearance connected by means of hinges (68) to the legs (69) provided with a axis (71) sliding in slides (73) fixing externally to the front of the side plates (36), a movable flap (51) rests on the es lateral supports (52) reported on the side plates (36) in their upper part in order to regulate the exhaust of the burnt gases, the operation of the flap (51) being obtained by displacement of a rod (60) and its extension removable (63) acting on an oblique arm (54) fixed in the axial rear part of the flap (51), a drain (76) rests on the partial returns (4, 5) immobilized by the upper end (77) of the lateral faces (36) and (78) of the reluctant (30) protruding from the fallen edges (4 and 5), the front face (79) fitting into the groove (40) provided on the face (37a) of the element (37), the heated air passing through the openings (6) being either recovered in a collector (49) fitting on the fallen edges (4 and 5) thanks to the openings (6) and ventilated through ducts ( 50) in the room or rooms to be heated, or by means of sheaths (50a) directly connected opposite the openings (6). 2 °) Universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized by the hearth plate (16) which is provided with protruding pins or teeth (20) plumb with the corridors (19). 3 °) Universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that the partition (15) partial generates a baffle for the passage of the primary combustion air. 4 °) universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that the connection of the partition (8) at the faces (9 and 10) of the box has a bias portion (11) to facilitate the installation of fans (12) and one pre-sinking (11a). 5 °) universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that the front ends of the corridors (18 and 19) are provided with adjustable shutters (22) by micrometric screws in order to regulate the flow of primary combustion air and air to recycle. 6 °) Universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that the side faces (9), rear (10) and lower (7) are provided with pre-cutouts to arrange openings (27) according to the position of the supply sheath d outside air. 7 °) universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that the closing of the movable flap (51) is obtained by its displacement upwards by means of an oblique arm (54), extension (57), rod (60) and removable extension (63), provided with a lug (62) fitting into one of the notches (61) which is provided with a sleeve (60a), the opening of the flap (51) being effected during the release of the lug (62) of the notch (61) by simple gravity. 8 °) Universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that the flexible sheaths (50a) passing through the flue gas evacuation duct for the case of the "insert" hearth are protected by fitting into rigid movable elements (50) extending the collector (49) and taken from sockets. 9 °) Universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that an open hearth consists of an envelope box (1), a hearth plate (16) and reluctantly (30), the side faces (9) receiving a lining (35) in prefabricated refractory materials, the discharge openings (6) of the fallen edges (4) being closed, only the sheath (32) allows the circulation of the mixture of fresh air and to be recycled. 10 °) Universal hearth according to claim 1 characterized in that an "insert" hearth comprises an envelope box (1), a hearth plate (16) and reluctantly (30), lateral faces (36) connected in the upper part by the V-shaped element (37) and lower by the element (43), a deflector (42), a collector (49) and a glazing block (39). 11 °) universal hearth according to claims 1 and 10 characterized in that for a hearth with tubing for the evacuation of burnt gases, a drain (76) is attached to the fallen edges (4 and 5), the collector (49) being removed and the openings (6) are directly extended by sheaths (50a).

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