EP0225895A1 - Dispositif recepteur d'integration pour rayonnement laser - Google Patents

Dispositif recepteur d'integration pour rayonnement laser

Info

Publication number
EP0225895A1
EP0225895A1 EP86903328A EP86903328A EP0225895A1 EP 0225895 A1 EP0225895 A1 EP 0225895A1 EP 86903328 A EP86903328 A EP 86903328A EP 86903328 A EP86903328 A EP 86903328A EP 0225895 A1 EP0225895 A1 EP 0225895A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiving device
laser radiation
elements
detector
refractive index
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86903328A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Eichweber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Precitronic Gesellschaft fuer Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH
Original Assignee
Precitronic Gesellschaft fuer Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Precitronic Gesellschaft fuer Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH filed Critical Precitronic Gesellschaft fuer Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH
Publication of EP0225895A1 publication Critical patent/EP0225895A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G01J1/0425—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using optical fibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G01J1/0459—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using an optical amplifier of light or coatings to improve optical coupling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G01J1/0474—Diffusers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/781—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/0204—Compact construction
    • G01J1/0209—Monolithic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/58—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using luminescence generated by light

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an integrating receiving device for laser radiation with a detector.
  • Laser radiation is usually sharply focused so that the atmospheric deflection of the light beam due to turbulence and different densities is noticeable due to temperature differences. Because of these disturbances in the air through which the laser beam passes, the laser beam does not always reach the same point and thus does not always fall on the detector, at least temporarily. This creates various disadvantages.
  • a target marked with a detector can no longer be reliably hit by the laser radiation, which is noticeable, for example, when shooting is simulated. If information is transmitted with modulated laser radiation, some of the information can be lost if the laser beam temporarily does not hit the detector.
  • Another disadvantage of the very limited size of known detectors is that the detector absorbs very little energy from the club-shaped laser beam.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a receiving device of the type mentioned, which is simple in construction and has a larger receiving area for the laser radiation.
  • the receiving device is an elongated, rod-shaped first element made of a first material and a surrounding tubular second element made of a second material, that the first and the second material is transparent to the laser radiation to be received, that the first material has a larger refractive index than the second, and that on an end face of the rod-shaped first element, a detector for the laser radiation is attached.
  • the receiving device thus has an elongated light guide which is connected to the detector. All of the laser radiation that strikes the relatively large light guide is then directed to the detector. A sufficient length of the cylindrical elements is of course essential for a sufficient size of the sensitive receiving surface.
  • the receiving device is constructed in such a way that it forms a light guide.
  • the term "light guide” does not mean, however, that the invention is limited to rod-shaped elements in which the light is transmitted by multiple total reflection. Rather, it is the case that the laser radiation is also, possibly even predominantly, passed on to the detector by normal reflection. This is particularly the case with light guides, the length of which is relatively small. The particularly high efficiency observed here may be related to the fact that only relatively few normal reflections take place on the walls until the laser light reaches the detector.
  • the light guide need not only be made up of two elements, that is to say an inner and an outer element. In many cases it is rather advantageous to provide a further element between the first and second elements which is also transparent to the laser radiation but has a refractive index whose value lies between that of the first and second materials. Several such other elements can also be provided.
  • the captured laser radiation does not only emerge at an end face of the rod-shaped first element, but also at the second.
  • the sensitivity of the receiving device can be increased if a mirror is attached to the other end face of the rod-shaped first element, through which the laser radiation arriving at this end is reflected by the first rod-shaped element onto the detector.
  • a detector for the laser radiation is also attached to the other end face of the rod-shaped element; in this case the radiation components emerging at the two ends of the receiving device are detected separately.
  • the receiving device could be rigid.
  • the elements are flexible or if the first element is liquid and the second element is flexible and tubular.
  • the receiving device can be placed around bridges of ships, turrets of tanks during shooting simulation exercises and the like, so that laser radiation incident from different directions can also be detected. So far, there have always been several for this purpose and for another purpose, which will be described below Complicated receiving devices constructed detectors (DE-OSen 28 30 308, 33 00 849, 33 23 828; DE-PS 34 00 837) required. If additional elements are provided, they must also be flexible for this purpose.
  • a modulated laser radiation in particular pulsed laser radiation
  • the receiving device will first reach the receiving device at various points, depending on the direction from which the laser radiation is coming. This results in time differences with which the laser radiation reaches the two end faces of the rod-shaped first element, depending on the direction of incidence.
  • a detector is provided on both end faces, then the incident direction of the laser radiation can be determined from these transit time differences.
  • a mirror is attached to one of the end faces; in this case, the detector detects two pulses or a broadened pulse when a laser radiation pulse hits the detector.
  • the receiving device As mentioned at the beginning, a great deal of laser radiation is captured by the receiving device according to the invention. If, for example, the beam lobe of the laser radiation has a diameter of 2 m at the receiving location, and if the receiving device has a diameter of 3 cm for a given length, the effective receiving area is 600 cm 2 . Even if it is assumed that the losses of the arrangement are not insignificant, the gain for the sensitivity on a small effective detector area is nevertheless great.
  • the first rod-shaped element and the further elements can have different cross-sectional shapes.
  • the first element could have an elliptical cross-section, a triangular cross-section, a rectangular cross-section, a square cross-section or other cross-sectional shapes.
  • the sensitivity can be increased even further if the surface is roughened, so that the incident laser radiation is scattered more effectively into the interior of the receiving device.
  • the surface can also be profiled in order to direct the incident laser radiation into the interior of the receiving device more effectively.
  • a prism-like, groove-like or ring-like profile or a profile in the manner of a trapezoidal thread can be provided.
  • the corresponding profiling can only be done on one Side of the receiving device or circumferentially provided, it can be applied for example in the case of a thermoplastic material of the outer tubular second element by deformation.
  • the laser radiation is guided more effectively into the light guide, but there may be the disadvantage that the roughening or profiling deteriorates the light guide properties.
  • the roughening or profiling is provided on the inner or outer surface of the second element or further element, wherein the other surface can also be roughened, profiled or smooth. This is particularly useful. But it is also conceivable that the surface of the first element is also profiled or roughened, at least in places.
  • the surface of the first element is partially profiled or roughened, smooth surface parts then extending between these profiled or roughened surfaces.
  • this causes a particularly large amount of radiation to be directed into the light guide at the profiled or roughened points, which radiation is then guided on the smooth surfaces in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the light guide to the detector or mirror on the end faces.
  • Another effective way of guiding the laser radiation into the light guide is to provide scattering centers in at least one of the elements, by means of which the laser radiation is extended into the light guide.
  • scattering centers can in particular be dyes as are used for dye lasers.
  • scattering centers There are other possible scattering centers that are particularly suitable, for example from microspheres made of glass, diamond powder, corundum powder, rutile powder and similar materials.
  • Diamond powder in particular has the advantage of scattering a lot of light into the light guide because of its particularly high refractive index. Depending on the design concept, the choice will be made in such a way that optimal amounts of the laser radiation are converted into the total reflection by scattering.
  • the scattering centers are arranged on the surface or in the vicinity of the surface of the inner or outer wall of the first element.
  • a material with a refractive index is provided between the first element and an outer, further element surrounding the first element at the points at which this element has smooth surface areas between scattering centers or rough surface areas on its surface that is smaller than that of the elements.
  • the material with a lower refractive index is a gas.
  • the diameter of the first element guiding the radiation should not be too small. This diameter can be a few mm, but also a few cm.
  • the length of the receiving device will be adapted to the application; for example, it will correspond in whole or in part to the length of a ship if, for example, the receiving device is to be attached to the outside of the railing of a ship. However, the receiving device can also be pulled around a command bridge, for example; in this case their length is of course shorter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial view of a receiving device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of another receiving device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of a circularly arranged receiving device
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a receiving device
  • 6 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a receiving device
  • the receiving device 1 of FIG. 1 consists of an inner first rod-shaped element 2 made of a material which is transparent to the laser radiation 3 and of a tubular element 4 surrounding the first rod-shaped element 2 made of a second material which is also transparent to the laser radiation 3, but has a smaller refractive index than the material of the first inner element 2.
  • a detector element 6 is attached to an end face 5 of the first element 2 and is connected to lines 7 with a corresponding amplifier or detection circuit.
  • a casing 8 is also provided, which here encloses the tubular second element 4 and the detector 6.
  • the mode of action is as follows.
  • the incident laser radiation 3 is scattered inside the receiving device 1.
  • most of the radiation scattered to the right in FIG. 1 is directed to the detector 6, due to the fact that the receiving device acts in the manner of a light guide.
  • Another part is scattered to the left, where it could also be picked up by a detector 6 or can be reflected by a mirror 9 to the detector 6, as shown in FIG. 2. Only a relatively small part of the radiation is lost.
  • the effectiveness of the light conduction to the detector is greater, the flatter the reflected light strikes the wall.
  • the effectiveness is particularly great in the case of total reflection. However, it is not necessary that total reflection actually occur. Normal reflection will therefore take place with obliquely incident laser beams even without special scatter centers.
  • the thick-drawn light beam 3 would also be partially reflected, but this is not shown in the figure, since otherwise the representation of the figure would be very confusing due to the large number of (normal) reflections.
  • a second detector can also be provided on the second end face 10 of the first element 2.
  • the location or the distance x from the first detector 6 at which the laser radiation occurs can be measured on the basis of the transit time differences. If L is the total length of the receiving device, the light running to the right must travel a distance x to the right detector, and a distance L - x to the left to the corresponding detector.
  • L is the total length of the receiving device
  • the light running to the right must travel a distance x to the right detector, and a distance L - x to the left to the corresponding detector.
  • the part 3a of the laser radiation running to the right will have to cover a distance x, while the part 3b of the laser radiation running to the left and reflected must cover a distance of 2L-x. Because of these different distances, when the laser radiation is pulsed, two pulses or a broadened pulse occur at the detector 6, so that the location of the impact can be determined
  • a cylinder 11 is shown in a horizontal section as an element around which a detector 1 is placed in a circle. If the wavefront 12 of a laser radiation hits the receiving device 1 first at 13, then radiation components go from here clockwise and counterclockwise to the two detectors 6. The angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and thus the horizontal component of the angle can be determined from the transit time difference , under which the laser radiation 3 is incident. If, as is shown in a horizontal section in FIG. 4, two receiving devices 1 are arranged one above the other, depending on the azimuth angle ⁇ , there will be a travel distance difference 14 and thus a travel time difference with which the laser pulses arrive. The azimuth angle ⁇ can be determined from the corresponding time difference.
  • the second element 4 can be profiled on at least one side, for example with a trapezoidal profile 15.
  • a circumferential profile can also be provided, which can also have a different shape. It can also be provided that the outer tubular element 4 is roughened on its surface in order to increase the scatter of the laser radiation.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which a further tubular or tubular element 16 is provided between the first cylindrical element 2 and the second tubular or tubular element 4, the refractive index of which has a value which is between that of the elements 2 and 4 lies.
  • Scattering centers 17 are arranged in the material of the first element 2 and are formed, for example, by dyes, crystal or glass particles.
  • the material of the element 2, if it is liquid, can be, for example, a transparent oil or gel, for example hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, into which the scattering centers 17 are then introduced.
  • the scattering centers / bodies 17 can, however, also be provided in the material of the second element 4 or of the further element or elements 16.
  • the scattering centers are arranged on the surface of the first element or the second element (at 17 ').
  • further elements 16 are also provided between the first element 2 and the second element 4, but here they have the shape of rings 16 that contain scattering centers 17. Between these rings, spaces 18 are formed in which a gas, in particular air, can be located. The light scattered into the first element 2 by the scattering centers 17 is particularly effectively reflected on the wall in the region of these gas spaces 18.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Le dispositif récepteur (1) pour rayonnement laser pourvu d'un détecteur (6) se caractérise par une structure (2, 4) analogue à un guide de lumière agencée avant le détecteur (6). Le guide de lumière peut être flexible de sorte qu'il est possible de déterminer la direction d'incidence du rayonnement laser (3) à partir des temps de transit différentiels des signaux pour arriver aux deux extrémités du guide de lumière (2, 4). Ce dernier peut être muni à l'intérieur ou bien en surface de centres de diffusion.
EP86903328A 1985-05-15 1986-05-15 Dispositif recepteur d'integration pour rayonnement laser Withdrawn EP0225895A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853517650 DE3517650A1 (de) 1985-05-15 1985-05-15 Integrierende empfangseinrichtung fuer laserstrahlung
DE3517650 1985-05-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225895A1 true EP0225895A1 (fr) 1987-06-24

Family

ID=6270886

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86903328A Withdrawn EP0225895A1 (fr) 1985-05-15 1986-05-15 Dispositif recepteur d'integration pour rayonnement laser

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0225895A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3517650A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986006844A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0225625A3 (fr) * 1985-12-09 1988-10-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour déterminer les positions de taches lumineuses sur un capteur de lumière plan
FR2607936B1 (fr) * 1986-12-04 1989-03-03 Philippe Gravisse Procede de contre-mesure dans le domaine de la designation d'objectifs et de la telemetrie laser, materiaux et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede de contre-mesure
CH673734A5 (en) * 1987-07-01 1990-03-30 Carl Leutwyler Optical information transmission system for servo control - has transmitted light beam received by large surface photosensitive layer coupled to photo-detector at one edge
DE3922017A1 (de) * 1989-07-05 1991-01-17 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Optische sensoreinrichtung
FR2697352B1 (fr) * 1992-10-26 1995-01-13 Physique Rayon Lumie Lab Concentrateur d'énergie électromagnétique à changement de fréquence constituant entre autre une iode électromagnétique.
DE19733992C2 (de) * 1996-09-10 2000-05-18 Walz Heinz Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Erfassung von über dem Gefahrenpegel liegender Bestrahlungsstärke bei unsichtbaren Strahlungen
US9019509B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2015-04-28 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Chip-scale star tracker
IT201600097814A1 (it) * 2016-09-29 2018-03-29 Smtech S R L Unipersonale Un sensore ottico

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US3816160A (en) * 1971-04-19 1974-06-11 Eastman Kodak Co Method of making a plastic optical element
DE2312944C3 (de) * 1972-03-23 1978-11-23 Erwin Sick Gmbh Optik-Elektronik, 7808 Waldkirch Vorrichtung zur Messung der Intensität eines Lichtbündels an unterschiedlichen Stellen eines linienförmigen Bereiches mit einem Lichtleitstab
DE2243228A1 (de) * 1972-09-01 1974-03-07 Siemens Ag Optischer wellenleiter
DE2433683C3 (de) * 1974-07-12 1979-02-22 Erwin Sick Gmbh Optik-Elektronik, 7808 Waldkirch Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer Materialbahn auf Fehlstellen
FR2328975A1 (fr) * 1975-10-20 1977-05-20 Hitachi Ltd Fibre optique
CH649753A5 (en) * 1979-10-31 1985-06-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for generating ozone by means of controlled spark discharge
DE2949901A1 (de) * 1979-12-12 1981-06-19 Heinz Dipl.-Phys. 8000 München Pape Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von leuchteffekten an textilien, bekleidungs- und dekorationsgegenstaenden
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US4486096A (en) * 1980-07-25 1984-12-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Device for measuring incident light
DE3119570A1 (de) * 1981-05-16 1982-12-02 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Fluoreszierendes material enthaltender strahlungssensor

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3517650A1 (de) 1986-11-20
WO1986006844A1 (fr) 1986-11-20

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