EP0222532A2 - Hecheln oder Kämmen von Fasern - Google Patents

Hecheln oder Kämmen von Fasern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0222532A2
EP0222532A2 EP86308173A EP86308173A EP0222532A2 EP 0222532 A2 EP0222532 A2 EP 0222532A2 EP 86308173 A EP86308173 A EP 86308173A EP 86308173 A EP86308173 A EP 86308173A EP 0222532 A2 EP0222532 A2 EP 0222532A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pins
arrays
fibres
bundle
operating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86308173A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0222532B1 (de
EP0222532A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Flanagan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lummus Mackie Ltd
Original Assignee
James Mackie and Sons Ltd
Lummus Mackie Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by James Mackie and Sons Ltd, Lummus Mackie Ltd filed Critical James Mackie and Sons Ltd
Publication of EP0222532A2 publication Critical patent/EP0222532A2/de
Publication of EP0222532A3 publication Critical patent/EP0222532A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0222532B1 publication Critical patent/EP0222532B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B5/00—Hackling or heckling machines
    • D01B5/02—Details
    • D01B5/06—Construction, mounting, or operating features of heckling devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the combing of fibres, particularly the hackling of fibres such as flax and will be described in terms of the treatment of flax, although the invention is equally applicable to the combing of other fibres.
  • the scutched flax is divided into bundles or so-called "pieces" which are fed to a hackling machine.
  • the operation of such machines has been well known for many years, and is described in detail in, for example, The Foundations of Spinning Technology by W. E. Moreton, published by Longmans Green & Company in 1937.
  • the bundles of flax are suspended from holders which are mechanically moved along a channel extending the length of the machine, this channel itself being mounted to reciprocate in a vertical direction to lower the bundles between opposed arrays of pins mounted upon endless sheets.
  • One sheet moves clockwise and the other anti-clockwise, so that their respective hackle pins comb the bundles in a downward direction and remove the shorter fibres (the tow) from the bundle.
  • Each bundle is combed as it moves downwardly between the sheets in the same direction of travel as the hackle pins; it then dwells for a period at the bottom of the stroke while still undergoing combing and it then receives further combing as it is pulled up through the pins in the opposite direction to their travel as the channel supporting the holders is raised to its upper position to lift the bundles out of the sheets.
  • the holders are then advanced one position, i.e. to the next arrays of pins which are more densely pinned, and the cycle repeated.
  • Each bundle of flax is normally in the region of one to one and a half metres long and is clamped approximately half-way along its length so that in the raised position, the height of the channel must be in the region of eight feet (2.5 metres) from the ground.
  • the machine is thus a large one of which the length can be about forty feet (13 metres), the hackling section itself being in the region of twenty five feet (8 metres) in length.
  • the revolving hackling sheets are in a fixed position.
  • the machine is double sided, the bundles of flax are clamped approximately half-way along their length in the holders at one end of the machine and the holders lowered and raised so as to cause the opposing sets of hackles to comb out the tow from the bundle and leave the higher quality "line" fibres held in the holder. After each complete vertical reciprocation of the holder it is automatically moved one position along the supporting channel and the hackling cycle repeated.
  • the coarseness and pitch of the hackling pins become finer lengthwise on each side of the machine from the feed end and when each successive holder reaches the other end, the holder is reversed and the position of the flax within the holder re-adjusted ("pulled through") so that on the reverse travel down the opposite side of the machine the other end of each bundle including the section which had been gripped in the holder, is combed.
  • Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings are respectively a partial side elevation and an end view showing the raised position of the channel with the lowered or operative position shown in dotted lines.
  • Figure 1 shows a number of holders 4 disposed lengthwise of the machine, each with its bundle of fibres 6.
  • the holders 4 are located in a channel 8 by means of pairs of studs 9 for movement along the channel under the control of a dog mechanism within the channel (not shown).
  • the channel is mounted on chains or straps 10 passing over wheels 12 driven to lower and raise the channel.
  • counter-balanc weights 14 At the opposite end of the straps are counter-balanc weights 14 to assist the raising of the channel.
  • Each holder 4 is in the form of opposed clamping plates held together by bolts 15 and, when inserted, the bundles are evenly spread across their respective plates.
  • the machine is double sided, the arrangement as illustrated being duplicated on each side.
  • each bundle is clamped approximately half-way along its length during the first passage so that when lowered, approximately forty percent of its length, normally the root end, is combed.
  • the clamp bolts are slackened and the piece is pulled further through the holder in the opposite direction to that part which has been combed so that when the top is being combed, all that part of the bundle which was not subjected to the combing during the first passage, is combed during the return passage.
  • endless sheets which comprise a number of endless belts 16 across which are mounted successive tie bars 7 which are pitched right around the supporting belts.
  • These bars 7 carry the pinned hackle bars 17 and there may for example, be thirty such bars around the circumference of the belts 16 at a pitch of just over two inches (50 mm).
  • the hackle pins at one side become increasingly finer and more closely pitched as the holders progressively move along the machine, at the end of which the holders are reversed on the bend, and the pin pattern is repeated, starting coarse at the reversal end and being more densely pitched and finer as the holders return down the other side.
  • the settings of the projecting points of the opposing pins, the overlap, if desired, the progressive fineness and density of the pins are determined to suit the quality of the material to be processed.
  • the belts 16 pass around upper and lower rollers 18 and 19 respectively so as to define substantially vertical working reaches along which the fibres are hackled or combed and which diverge slightly towards the bottom.
  • the bars 7 span four belts 16 and are riveted to the belts at 28.
  • each tie bar On its side adjacent the belts 16 each tie bar has a number of projecting lugs 20 for supporting the hackle bars 17, only the upper of the two tie bars shown in Figure 1 having its hackle bars in position, there being a total of seven hackle bars 17 over the length of each tie bar.
  • the hackle pins are shown only in the two left hand hackle bars, but as already described the fineness of the pinning increases along the length of the tie bars.
  • tie bars 7 and hackle bars 17 alternate around the circumference of the belts 16 as can be seen in Figure 2.
  • the amount of hackling which the material receives varies with the number of lifts of head and the revolutions of belt per minute.
  • By increasing the speed of the belts the amount of work given to the material is thereby increased.
  • An increase in the number of lifts of head per minute, the speed of the belts remaining unchanged, results in a reduction of the amount of work given to the material, but the strain on the material is increased thereby, owing to the alteration in the rate of hackling.
  • the speed of the head and the channels normally varies between six and ten lifts per minute and the belts 16 between eight and fifteen revolutions per minute, according to the material being worked.
  • the aim is to drive the belts at a speed which will give maximum yield consistent with the cut and the cleanness of fibre.
  • the function of pins in hackling machines is generally defined as that of opening, splitting and cleaning of fibre, the opening up of the bundle being accomplished by the coarse pins, the cutting by the medium pins and the cleaning by the fine pins.
  • the tow which is combed from the bundles is removed from the hackle pins by brushes 22 and from the brushes by pinned stripping rollers 23.
  • the rollers 23 are cleaned in their turn by doffing knives 24 and the tow 25 finally falls into bins 26.
  • the full line position of Figure 2 shows the channel 8 in its raised position in which the bundles of flax 6 are lifted clear of the belts 16.
  • the dotted line position illustrates the channel 8' in its lowered position in which the fibres are being hackled. At this lower position the channel will dwell for just a little more than a second before being raised again.
  • the height of the channel in its raised position and hence the overall height of the machine is in the region of eight feet (2.5 metres), and this, in combination with the lengths already referred to, gives a very large, cumbersome machine.
  • combing mechanism of the general type just described that is to say comprising co-operating arrays of pins which are driven around closed paths to form a substantially vertical working reach over which the pins in the arrays are opposed as they move in a downward direction alongside one another in order to comb a bundle of fibres located in the gap between them and means for moving a bundle of fibres into the zone of the working reach also includes mechanism for periodically adjusting the spacing between the co-operating arrays of pins in the working reach so as to increase the gap between them at a time when there are no fibres present.
  • the movement for periodically adjusting the gap between the two arrays of pins in the working reach is preferably caused by pivoting one or each array about the axis of a main lower supporting roller.
  • the effect of such pivoting movement is that the spacing is greater at the top than the bottom and when the pins are moved together in the operating cycle, combing commences at the lower end of the bundle of fibres and moves progressively upwards. This applies the load gradually until the arrays of pins reach a position in which the opposed faces in the working reach are parallel or subst antially so.
  • a guide roller is preferably located above each lower supporting roller so as to define the lower end of the working reach, so that when the pins are in the position of full engagement the paths of the pins below the working reach diverge.
  • the mechanism for adjusting the spacing between the co-operating pins in the working reach is preferably cam-controlled and it may operate so that the co-operating pins separate more rapidly than they come together.
  • the co-operating arrays of pins can operate singly, best results are obtained if there are a plurality of co-operating arrays arranged side by side such that a bundle of fibres can be moved progressively in steps in a lateral direction between the co-operating arrays so as to be combed by successive arrays of co-operating pins.
  • the pinning of the co-operating arrays of pins preferably becomes progressively finer in the direction of movement of the bundle of fibres.
  • FIG. 3 a bundle of fibres 32 is shown suspended from a holder 34 which is of a modified construction as will be described.
  • a pair of co-operating pinned sheets 31 and 33 i.e. hackle bars supported by the tie bars spanning endless belts as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2) are illustrated in an open position in which the pins on the sheet are clear of the fibres 32.
  • the sheet 31 passes around a main lower driving roller 37, an upper idler roller 38 and a guide roller 39 which, with the roller 38 defines the working reach.
  • the sheet 33 passes around similar rollers 35,40,41, the rollers 35 and 37 turning in opposite directions so as to drive each sheet downwardly over the working reach, as illustrated by the arrows.
  • the rollers 38,29 and 40,41 are mounted on respective supporting plates 44 and 45 supported for pivotal movement about the axes of the respective driving rollers 37 and 35. Each assembly is balanced so that the effect of its own weight provides a bias which urges the two assemblies together.
  • the two plates 44 and 45 are controlled by identical cam mechanisms each comprising a driven cam 50 co-operating with a rolle r follower 51 on an arm 52 pivoted at its lower end to a fixed point 53.
  • Each arm 52 is connected at its upper end to the respective plate 44, 45 by a link 54 of adjustable length.
  • Figure 3 shows the sheets 31,33 in their separated or "open" position in which the flax fibres 32 may readily be moved in a horizontal direction at right angles to the plane of the paper.
  • the fibres lie along the centre line of the gap between the two sheets, so that as the latter gradually come together, they operate symmetrically on the fibres.
  • the pins at the lower end of the working reach move into gradual engagement with the lower end of the bundle of fibres.
  • the cams 50 turn at a constant speed and, as seen in Figure 5, have a profile which includes a circular arc 60 which engages the respective follower 51 as the sheets 31,33 reach the parallel or closed position of Figure 5, so that there is a dwell in this position, which in a particular example may be of the order of two seconds. After this dwell, the sheets then separate again and the profile of the cams 50 is such as to cause the sheets to separate or open more rapidly than they close. This rapid opening in conjunction with the downward movement of the pins ensures that the flax bundles rapidly clear the pins and do not tend to cling to them.
  • the holder 34 is of a different construction from those shown in Figures 1 and 2, and is illustrated in detail in Figures 7 and 8. Basically, it comprises a pair of endless belts 65 and 66 which grip the bundles of flax between them as best seen in Figure 8. At the inlet, the belt 66 passes around a guide pulley 68 where it meets the lower belt 65, the two belts then passing together over a further pulley 70. The bundles of flax 32 are fed to the belt at the correct spacing by automatic feed apparatus (not illustrated) and, after passing the pulley 70 travel horizontally between the co-operating arrays of pins, as already described with reference to Figures 3 to 6.
  • a roller chain 72 with side plates 73 passes around a chain wheel 74 and meets the belts 65 and 66 as they pass over the pulley 70 so that the belts are enclosed by the opposite side plates 73 as best seen in Figure 8.
  • the lower belt 65 rests on a support plate 76 and the bundles of flax 32 are thus held between the belts 65 and 66 in conjunction with the side plates 73, which together provide a wedging action.
  • the belts 65 and 66 and the chain 72 move together intermittently along the length of the machine, coming to a standstill at intervals as the combing operations takes place and then moving on to transfer the respective bundles of flax 32 to the next stage of combing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
EP19860308173 1985-11-05 1986-10-21 Hecheln oder Kämmen von Fasern Expired EP0222532B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB858527226A GB8527226D0 (en) 1985-11-05 1985-11-05 Hackling/combing of fibres
GB8527226 1985-11-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0222532A2 true EP0222532A2 (de) 1987-05-20
EP0222532A3 EP0222532A3 (en) 1988-04-27
EP0222532B1 EP0222532B1 (de) 1992-03-11

Family

ID=10587739

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860308173 Expired EP0222532B1 (de) 1985-11-05 1986-10-21 Hecheln oder Kämmen von Fasern

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0222532B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1017732B (de)
GB (1) GB8527226D0 (de)
SU (1) SU1449015A3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0882819A1 (de) * 1997-06-05 1998-12-09 Constructie Werkhuizen Demaitere, besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid Vorrichtung für wenigstens teilweise Entfernung von Abfallpartikeln aus Fasermaterial
CN104278333A (zh) * 2014-10-25 2015-01-14 浙江阿祥亚麻纺织有限公司 一种栉梳机双向输送通道的推料装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102995163B (zh) * 2012-11-19 2017-05-10 浙江金鹰股份有限公司 分梳机
CN104294373B (zh) * 2014-10-25 2016-08-17 浙江阿祥亚麻纺织有限公司 一种双向环形栉梳机
CN104294372B (zh) * 2014-10-25 2016-11-30 浙江阿祥亚麻纺织有限公司 一种栉梳机双向输送通道的直道推料装置
CN105316772B (zh) * 2015-07-10 2018-12-28 浙江海洋学院 悬挂式黄麻精梳设备
CN105316773A (zh) * 2015-07-10 2016-02-10 浙江海洋学院 黄麻分拣系统
CN105316803B (zh) * 2015-07-10 2018-12-28 浙江海洋学院 半自动化梳麻设备
CN105563634B (zh) * 2016-02-05 2017-12-22 四川省建筑科学研究院 一种手持式纤维取向排布机
CN108301052B (zh) * 2018-04-24 2023-05-30 黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院绥化农业机械化研究所 亚麻初加工长麻梳理机
CN114411287B (zh) * 2021-12-17 2023-06-02 东华大学 具有防纤维纠缠功能的锯齿式开松机
CN116288826B (zh) * 2023-02-22 2024-10-15 三阳纺织有限公司 一种带式锡林系统及应用其的精梳机
CN116356457B (zh) * 2023-04-26 2024-10-01 东华大学 一种用于梳理麻纤维束的复合型梳针

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE479034C (de) * 1927-04-09 1929-07-11 Bindler Maschinenfabrik Geb Hechelmaschine
DE511405C (de) * 1928-12-22 1930-10-31 Robert Boby Ltd Hechelmaschine
DE514761C (de) * 1928-08-26 1930-12-17 Adolf Nixdorf Hechelmaschine
DE567294C (de) * 1931-10-29 1932-12-30 Alfons Roeder Entstaubungsvorrichtung fuer Hechelmaschinen
US3141198A (en) * 1960-02-12 1964-07-21 Novivlas Nv Method and apparatus for hackling bast fibre stalks

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE479034C (de) * 1927-04-09 1929-07-11 Bindler Maschinenfabrik Geb Hechelmaschine
DE514761C (de) * 1928-08-26 1930-12-17 Adolf Nixdorf Hechelmaschine
DE511405C (de) * 1928-12-22 1930-10-31 Robert Boby Ltd Hechelmaschine
DE567294C (de) * 1931-10-29 1932-12-30 Alfons Roeder Entstaubungsvorrichtung fuer Hechelmaschinen
US3141198A (en) * 1960-02-12 1964-07-21 Novivlas Nv Method and apparatus for hackling bast fibre stalks

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0882819A1 (de) * 1997-06-05 1998-12-09 Constructie Werkhuizen Demaitere, besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid Vorrichtung für wenigstens teilweise Entfernung von Abfallpartikeln aus Fasermaterial
BE1011194A3 (nl) * 1997-06-05 1999-06-01 Constructie Werkhuizen Demaite Inrichting voor het minstens gedeeltelijk verwijderen van afvaldeeltjes uit vezelmateriaal.
CN104278333A (zh) * 2014-10-25 2015-01-14 浙江阿祥亚麻纺织有限公司 一种栉梳机双向输送通道的推料装置
CN104278333B (zh) * 2014-10-25 2016-06-01 浙江阿祥亚麻纺织有限公司 一种栉梳机双向输送通道的推料装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0222532B1 (de) 1992-03-11
EP0222532A3 (en) 1988-04-27
SU1449015A3 (ru) 1988-12-30
GB8527226D0 (en) 1985-12-11
CN1017732B (zh) 1992-08-05
CN86108302A (zh) 1987-06-17

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