EP0221831A1 - Wärmegedämmter modularer Baublock für Roh- und Ausbau und seine Verwendung - Google Patents

Wärmegedämmter modularer Baublock für Roh- und Ausbau und seine Verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221831A1
EP0221831A1 EP86470005A EP86470005A EP0221831A1 EP 0221831 A1 EP0221831 A1 EP 0221831A1 EP 86470005 A EP86470005 A EP 86470005A EP 86470005 A EP86470005 A EP 86470005A EP 0221831 A1 EP0221831 A1 EP 0221831A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block according
modular block
modular
rigid
reservations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86470005A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hervé Kowalik
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0221831A1 publication Critical patent/EP0221831A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular building block, in particular for the realization of load-bearing or non-load-bearing walls, of individual houses, of small or collective means or more generally of any building or construction connected therewith, for public or private use, composed of assembling a rigid supporting base and one or more external and / or internal covering plates attached to the rigid base.
  • the present invention also relates to the method of implementing such a modular block, in particular for the production of building walls.
  • this block comprises a bearing part in which are arranged vertical cells for the evacuation of the infiltration water, and a counter-partition connected to the bearing part by means of an additional element ensuring a connection of the tenon and mortise type.
  • This additional element is obtained by expansion of a suitable polymer between the bearing part and the counter-partition, which makes this building block complex and expensive.
  • the bearing part of said block does not have passage openings for technical sheaths such as water pipes or electrical cables, and the raising of a wall using such blocks is done according to a traditional mode by simply superimposing the blocks by interposing layers of mortar.
  • the hollow concrete block according to this patent comprises on its inner and outer faces, plates of insulating material to which coatings are fixed by means of metal needles.
  • building blocks provided with one or more vertical recesses which, when superimposed, allow air circulation of the "parieto-dynamic" type, that is to say according to a large number of vertical channels.
  • the building blocks in question are not suitable for receiving insulating cladding plates, and the wall thus produced cannot be connected to a heating or drying assembly for the air circulating in the wall.
  • one of the aims of the present invention is to provide a building block which is capable of producing an "integral wall", that is to say a wall which is both load-bearing, provided with sheaths heating and technical ducts (water, electricity, etc.), while presenting means for supporting interior and / or exterior insulating coating layers.
  • Another object of the present invention is to remedy all of the drawbacks mentioned above, while proposing a modular block which is of universal and particularly easy use, within the reach of unskilled labor.
  • the invention relates to a modular building block, in particular for the realization of load-bearing or non-load-bearing walls, of individual houses, of small or collective means or more generally of any building or construction connected therewith, for public use or private, composed of the assembly of a rigid supporting base and one or more external and / or internal cladding plates attached to the rigid base, modular block characterized in that it simultaneously comprises a set of means of passage of technical ducts such as water pipes, electric or other cables, load-bearing poles, and different air flows for ventilation and heating of the walls.
  • technical ducts such as water pipes, electric or other cables, load-bearing poles, and different air flows for ventilation and heating of the walls.
  • block of the invention makes it possible to produce integral masonry of various types and in all fields of construction, without limitation.
  • the modular block 1 is composed in its basic version of an assembly of three main elements, namely a rigid base 2 serving as support for an external covering plate 3 and an internal covering plate 4.
  • the rigid base 2 has a parallelepipedic envelope composed of an upper face 5, a lower face 6, two lateral faces 7 and 8 and two end faces 9 and 10.
  • the rigid base 2 obtained for example by molding concrete, is constituted by a set of walls II which define and separate several recesses or reservations which will be detailed below.
  • the presence of the walls 11 gives the modular block 1 a load-bearing character, and the set of recesses visible in FIG. 1 in fact constitutes a set of passage means for technical ducts such as water or gas pipes, electric or other cables. Some of these recesses also constitute passage means for concrete support posts. The other recesses finally constitute passage means for different air flows which can be circulated in the wall produced with modular blocks according to the invention, this for the purpose of heating or ventilating the walls.
  • the rigid supporting base 2 of the modular block 1 shown in FIG. 1 has on its four faces 7, 8, 9 and 10 mechanical fastening means allowing the fixing of the external coating plates 3 and / or interior 4.
  • these mechanical attachment means consist of a number of peripheral notches 12, preferably in dovetail, and cooperating with tenons 13 complementary to said notches 12 and arranged on the covering plates 3 and 4.
  • the rigid base 2 shown in FIG. 1 in fact comprises six peripheral notches 12 distributed at the rate of two in each of the side faces 7 and 8 and one in each of the end faces 9 and 10.
  • the rigid base 2 shown preferably has a length 14 twice its width I5, and the peripheral notches 12 in dovetail of the different faces 7, 8, 9 and 10 are arranged symmetrically and at a constant distance 16 from the respective perpendicular face most close.
  • this covering plate 17 has two perpendicular parts 18 and 19, of which the studs 13 engage in the notches 12 of the rigid base 2, which constitutes a particularly elegant way of making the external covering of the end of a wall.
  • the rigid base is provided with a set of six notches 12 and two covering plates 3 and 4.
  • the one of the lateral faces 7 or 8 is free of notches 12 (FIG. 2), which is particularly advantageous when only an external covering plate 3 or an internal covering plate 4 is necessary.
  • the modular block 1 has both on its rigid base 2 and on the external covering plates 3 and / or internal 4, means of thermal and sound insulation.
  • thermal and sound insulation means consist of vertical reservations 20, a central reservation 21 and two terminal reservations 22, taking into account the fact that any recess made in concrete is insulating to the both thermally and phonically.
  • the means of thermal and sound insulation of the interior cladding plates 4 consist of a layer of a high density polystyrene complex 23 laminated with a plasterboard 24 of the order of thirteen millimeters thick.
  • the means of thermal and sound insulation of the outer covering plates 3 consist of a layer of a high density polystyrene complex 25 laminated or pre-coated with a plate 26 of agglomerated mineral or synthetic fibers or other support product. exterior coating, the assembly forming the exterior coating plate 3.
  • modular blocks 1 in accordance with the invention When raising a wall, modular blocks 1 in accordance with the invention are juxtaposed in the form of rows arranged in staggered rows as shown in FIG. 3.
  • said passage means consist of a set of vertical recesses arranged in the rigid carrying base 2 and separated in pairs by the walls 11 forming said rigid carrying base 2.
  • the vertical reservations 20, independent of each other and arranged near the face 8 of the rigid base 2 (FIG. 2) constitute means of passage for technical sheaths such as in particular, water pipes 27 or cables electrical 28 which can, therefore, be arranged inside the wall over the entire height thereof, and while keeping the water or gas pipes away from the electric cables for safety reasons.
  • the two vertical reservations with square section 29, which are arranged near the vertical median plane 30 of the rigid base 2, constitute passage means for load-bearing posts 3] made of concrete (FIG. 11).
  • the reservation 21 has been deleted, which is replaced by a central reservation 21 'flanked by two terminal half-reservations 22'.
  • the block all other things being equal, has four technical reservations of triangular section 20 ′.
  • a modular block of this type allows concrete to be poured into the reservations 21 'and 22', therefore a greater density of load-bearing posts. It is more particularly intended for high walls.
  • the means of passage of the various air flows for the ventilation and the heating of the walls consist, on the one hand, of a central reservation 21 arranged in the rigid base 2, and having a useful section 32 (FIG. 10) , and on the other hand, by two terminal reservations 22, which, when two adjacent modular blocks are juxtaposed as shown in FIG. f0, define a useful section 33 identical to the previous one.
  • modular blocks as described above allow an alternative embodiment of the wall, consisting in leaving the vertical reservations with square section 29 free, and on the other hand, pouring concrete in the central reservations 21 and in the terminal reservations 22 for the formation of load-bearing posts.
  • the modular block 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is provided on its upper 5 and lower 6 faces with several leveling cups 35.
  • These leveling cups 35 are intended to receive glue or mortar during the elevation of a wall, which makes it possible to give each modular block an optimal seat by simply compacting the quantities of adhesive or mortar placed in said bowls, while increasing the mechanical strength of the entire wall.
  • each modular block 1 has in its end faces 9 and 10 vertical grooves 36 intended to also receive glue or mortar, and making it possible to obtain a certain additional stiffening, in particular in the internal torsional stresses in the wall.
  • the walls '11 of the rigid bases 2 have a relatively small thickness, obtained for example by molding. This thickness is moreover easy to modify during the manufacturing process of the rigid bases 2, since it suffices to modify for this purpose the section of the cores intended for the realization of the vertical reservations with square section 29.
  • the relatively small thickness of the walls It also has the advantage of making it possible to obtain several variants of modular blocks from a rigid base as shown in FIG. 2, and this by simply cutting out all or part of one or more of the walls 11. This makes it possible to modify the internal geometry of the different means of passage of technical ducts or of air flow as mentioned above, and consequently of increase the modularity of the building block.
  • the rigid base 2 has in its lateral faces 7 and 8 a set of fracture primers 37 allowing the breakage, as required, of said rigid base into two identical identical rigid base bases 38 of smaller dimension ( figure 5).
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 also show the existence of additional vertical grooves 39 arranged in the lateral faces 7 and 8 of the rigid base, and defining, with the exterior covering plates 3 and / or interior 4, reservations 40, allowing the drainage or evaporation of condensation water, or more generally, the removal of wet areas inside the wall.
  • the studs 13 of the covering plates 3 and 4 comprise wedging studs 41 cooperating with the peripheral notches 12 of the rigid base 2, and defining therewith additional spaces 42 providing thermal and sound insulation, drying of the humidity points, and moreover, effective wedging of the tenons 13 in the peripheral notches 12, due to the elasticity of the polystyrene which is slightly put under pressure inside said notches 12.
  • the rigid base 2 comprises, over a certain height at its upper 5 or lower 6 face, one or more partial cutouts 43 of the walls It separating the reservation central 21 and either of the terminal reservations 22.
  • FIG. 8 represents a modular block whose rigid base 2 is provided at its upper face 5, with a partial cutout 43 of the wall 11, which makes it possible to make the central reservation 21 and one of the reservations 22 communicating terminals.
  • FIG. 9 represents a modular block according to the invention, and whose rigid base 2 comprises at its upper face 5, a partial cutout 43, but located on the opposite side of the modular block, with respect to the partial cutout 43 shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 represent portions of a wall constructed according to the method of raising a "full wall” in accordance with the invention.
  • a row of modular blocks provided with upwardly facing partial cutouts 43 is juxtaposed, then one or more other rows 46 of modular blocks without such blocks are superimposed in staggered rows on this first row 45 cutouts 43, and so on to the penultimate row, then a last row 47 of modular blocks with partial cutouts 43 facing downwards is superimposed, all of the central reservations 21 and terminal reservations 22 of the various modular blocks used defining an air circuit 48 in the form of coils, possibly connected to a heating and / or air extraction device.
  • This method of raising a wall using the modular block of the invention in its various embodiments is particularly advantageous in that it allows the construction of an "integral wall", that is to say a wall provided simultaneously with a set of load-bearing posts 31 in concrete, with a set of attachment means for insulating covering plates 3 or 4, with a large number of reservations for the passage of technical sheaths, and finally, an air circuit circulating throughout the wall and formed of a plurality of vertical channels connected to one another on the one hand, and connected to a heating or extraction device, on the other hand .
  • an integral wall that is to say a wall provided simultaneously with a set of load-bearing posts 31 in concrete, with a set of attachment means for insulating covering plates 3 or 4, with a large number of reservations for the passage of technical sheaths, and finally, an air circuit circulating throughout the wall and formed of a plurality of vertical channels connected to one another on the one hand, and connected to a heating or extraction device, on the other hand .
  • the thickness of polystyrene insulation of the covering plates 3 and 4 is the greatest at the studs 13, that is to say directly near the concrete posts 31 which are the main loss zones.
  • the modular block according to the invention can be made of any material, such as for example concrete, light concrete, brick, composite material.
  • FIG. 14 shows a type of structure which can be obtained in this way, with a brick pre-filling, in quinconque, in the central part of the block. We can then have a smaller section of the walls of the block.
  • This structure allows the blocks to be pre-assembled, for example with an adhesive or a mortar, which ensures better resistance.
  • the external insulation can be offset by half a step in relation to the block.
  • This allows the formwork to be maintained and a more rigid structure to be obtained before the concrete is poured.
  • a better positioning of the blocks is thus obtained relative to each other, hence a better alignment of the technical sheaths, and a better alignment also of the blocks in the horizontal direction. It is thus possible to flow over a greater height, for example over the height of a stage.
  • the modular block of the invention is completely modular in all directions.
  • the insulating formwork can be raised or lowered to any desired height relative to an installed base.
  • the thickness can be varied by varying the thickness of the insulating element.
  • modular blocks according to the invention also makes it possible to produce earthquake-resistant constructions, by flowing between the post a material less resistant than reinforced concrete, which absorbs vibrations and acts as a shock absorber.
  • the insulation has a certain play on the support.
  • the assembly can therefore work freely with respect to said support, which allows the implementation of an external hydraulic coating with direct pre-coating on the insulation if one wishes to use a thin coating.
  • modular block of the invention it is possible with the modular block of the invention to produce walls in an arc, concave or convex. To do this, an insulator whose center distance is either greater or less than that of the block itself is used.
  • the block allows any use in traditional construction technique.
  • the modular block according to the invention is a universal construction element, very light and very economical and which allows the simultaneous realization of all the insulation operations and installation of pipes during the even elevation of the wall.
  • the exterior and / or interior cladding plates can be provided with projecting rebates as known per se, the elevation of a wall is possible with perfect alignment without requiring the use of levels, which results in a saving in installation time of the order of 20% compared to traditional building blocks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP86470005A 1985-10-10 1986-10-10 Wärmegedämmter modularer Baublock für Roh- und Ausbau und seine Verwendung Withdrawn EP0221831A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8515162 1985-10-10
FR8515162A FR2588591B1 (fr) 1985-10-10 1985-10-10 Bloc modulaire isolant destine au gros-oeuvre et au second-oeuvre du batiment et son procede de mise en oeuvre

Publications (1)

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EP0221831A1 true EP0221831A1 (de) 1987-05-13

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EP86470005A Withdrawn EP0221831A1 (de) 1985-10-10 1986-10-10 Wärmegedämmter modularer Baublock für Roh- und Ausbau und seine Verwendung

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EP (1) EP0221831A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2588591B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1988008063A1 (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988008063A1 (fr) * 1985-10-10 1988-10-20 Kowalik Herve Bloc modulaire isolant destine au gros-oeuvre et au second-oeuvre du batiment et son procede de mise en oeuvre
DE3735638A1 (de) * 1987-10-21 1989-05-03 Siegfried Gebhart Hohlblockstein
FR2634238A1 (fr) * 1988-07-18 1990-01-19 Decroux Francois Elements de construction prefabriques et procede pour la realisation economique de mur isotherme
GB2272462A (en) * 1992-11-13 1994-05-18 Boral Edenhall Concrete Produc Masonry block
DE4401033A1 (de) * 1994-01-15 1995-07-27 Karl Heinz Vahlbrauk Wandelement
EP0708210A1 (de) * 1994-10-22 1996-04-24 Volker Schmidt Mauerstein
GB2297771A (en) * 1995-02-07 1996-08-14 Jan Albert Douterloigne Hollow concrete block for building walls; creating conduit therein
EP0787867A1 (de) * 1996-02-03 1997-08-06 Siegfried Gebhart Stein, insbesondere Schalungs-oder Blockstein
FR2764621A1 (fr) * 1997-06-17 1998-12-18 Pascal Bouinot Elements de construction d'un batiment et ensemble desdits elements
AT407173B (de) * 1994-11-29 2001-01-25 Quehenberger Andreas Schalungsstein
ITUD20090066A1 (it) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-02 C M E S P A Sa Cassaforma strutturale per l'edilizia
WO2012160150A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-11-29 Université Du Luxembourg Bloc de construction en béton et système de construction d'un mur avec de tels blocs

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2008265549A1 (en) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. Veneers for walls, retaining walls, retaining wall blocks, and the like
US7775747B2 (en) 2008-11-05 2010-08-17 Allan Block Corporation Multi-component retaining wall block
US8708608B2 (en) 2010-09-15 2014-04-29 Allan Block Llc Stackable segmental retaining wall block
US9003734B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2015-04-14 Allan Block, Llc Multi-component retaining wall block with natural stone appearance
US8863465B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2014-10-21 Allan Block, Llc Stackable wall block system
CH709928B1 (fr) * 2014-07-28 2018-12-14 Ustinov Igor Système de construction comportant un jeu de corps et un jeu d'éléments accessoires.
TWI686530B (zh) 2018-12-18 2020-03-01 詹廣志 屋頂通風調溫組合裝置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1202814A (fr) * 1956-05-09 1960-01-13 Procédé de construction et dispositifs de mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé
CH420555A (de) * 1963-12-31 1966-09-15 Gebhart Siegfried Hohlblockstein
FR2189601A1 (de) * 1972-06-16 1974-01-25 Gasse Et Cie Eu Omat
FR2261385A1 (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-09-12 Walser Alex Hollow brick with rows of through holes - channels formed for insertion of insulation and arc circulation
EP0058641A1 (de) * 1981-02-13 1982-08-25 Paul Amacher Bauelement
FR2561282A3 (fr) * 1984-03-19 1985-09-20 Doletina Jean Pierre Parpaing en agglomere allege pour construction

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR73369E (fr) * 1957-12-13 1960-06-27 Procédé de construction et dispositifs de mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé
JPS50113599A (de) * 1974-02-20 1975-09-05
FR2588591B1 (fr) * 1985-10-10 1987-11-20 Kowalik Herve Bloc modulaire isolant destine au gros-oeuvre et au second-oeuvre du batiment et son procede de mise en oeuvre

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1202814A (fr) * 1956-05-09 1960-01-13 Procédé de construction et dispositifs de mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé
CH420555A (de) * 1963-12-31 1966-09-15 Gebhart Siegfried Hohlblockstein
FR2189601A1 (de) * 1972-06-16 1974-01-25 Gasse Et Cie Eu Omat
FR2261385A1 (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-09-12 Walser Alex Hollow brick with rows of through holes - channels formed for insertion of insulation and arc circulation
EP0058641A1 (de) * 1981-02-13 1982-08-25 Paul Amacher Bauelement
FR2561282A3 (fr) * 1984-03-19 1985-09-20 Doletina Jean Pierre Parpaing en agglomere allege pour construction

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988008063A1 (fr) * 1985-10-10 1988-10-20 Kowalik Herve Bloc modulaire isolant destine au gros-oeuvre et au second-oeuvre du batiment et son procede de mise en oeuvre
DE3735638A1 (de) * 1987-10-21 1989-05-03 Siegfried Gebhart Hohlblockstein
FR2634238A1 (fr) * 1988-07-18 1990-01-19 Decroux Francois Elements de construction prefabriques et procede pour la realisation economique de mur isotherme
GB2272462A (en) * 1992-11-13 1994-05-18 Boral Edenhall Concrete Produc Masonry block
GB2272462B (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-03-06 Boral Edenhall Concrete Produc Masonry Block
DE4401033A1 (de) * 1994-01-15 1995-07-27 Karl Heinz Vahlbrauk Wandelement
EP0708210A1 (de) * 1994-10-22 1996-04-24 Volker Schmidt Mauerstein
AT407173B (de) * 1994-11-29 2001-01-25 Quehenberger Andreas Schalungsstein
GB2297771A (en) * 1995-02-07 1996-08-14 Jan Albert Douterloigne Hollow concrete block for building walls; creating conduit therein
GB2297771B (en) * 1995-02-07 1998-08-26 Jan Albert Douterloigne Hollow concrete block for building walls and wall built with such concrete blocks
EP0787867A1 (de) * 1996-02-03 1997-08-06 Siegfried Gebhart Stein, insbesondere Schalungs-oder Blockstein
FR2764621A1 (fr) * 1997-06-17 1998-12-18 Pascal Bouinot Elements de construction d'un batiment et ensemble desdits elements
ITUD20090066A1 (it) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-02 C M E S P A Sa Cassaforma strutturale per l'edilizia
WO2012160150A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-11-29 Université Du Luxembourg Bloc de construction en béton et système de construction d'un mur avec de tels blocs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1988008063A1 (fr) 1988-10-20
FR2588591B1 (fr) 1987-11-20
FR2588591A1 (fr) 1987-04-17

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