EP0220575B1 - Mixing and kneading device - Google Patents

Mixing and kneading device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0220575B1
EP0220575B1 EP86114051A EP86114051A EP0220575B1 EP 0220575 B1 EP0220575 B1 EP 0220575B1 EP 86114051 A EP86114051 A EP 86114051A EP 86114051 A EP86114051 A EP 86114051A EP 0220575 B1 EP0220575 B1 EP 0220575B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
housing
kneading
mixer
kneading shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86114051A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0220575A2 (en
EP0220575A3 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Baumgärtner
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Mannesmann Demag Krauss Maffei GmbH
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Krauss Maffei AG
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Priority to AT86114051T priority Critical patent/ATE83946T1/en
Publication of EP0220575A2 publication Critical patent/EP0220575A2/en
Publication of EP0220575A3 publication Critical patent/EP0220575A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/707—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms the paddles co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the receptacle wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixing and kneading device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a mixing and kneading device of this type is known from DE-C-23 49 106.
  • the fixed counter-elements projecting between adjacent disc elements in the torus space delimited by these, the shaft and the housing each consist of a short radial fastening arm, a kneading arm running parallel to the housing wall, a radial scraper for cleaning the disc elements and an axially extending scraper for Clean the shaft, the kneading arm and the axial and radial scrapers together forming a rectangular hook or frame.
  • the counter elements designed in this way have a good kneading and mixing action in the edge zones of the toroidal area, i.e.
  • Dead zones can therefore form here, in which the product is not mixed sufficiently, which can lead to insufficient product homogeneity.
  • Product residues can also remain in the dead spaces in the interior of the torus space which are not discharged when the batch is changed, so that undesired product mixtures between fresh and finished product can occur.
  • the invention has for its object to design a mixing and kneading device of the type mentioned so that intensive mixing in the entire product or reaction space of the various product components and an even dwell time of all product particles located in the reaction space is achieved.
  • the object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
  • the subclaims indicate advantageous further refinements.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of the mixer arms running diagonally through the torus space and close to the center thereof avoids dead zones or non-agitated product spaces also in the core area of the torus space.
  • the arrangement of the ploughshare-like deflection surfaces also ensures that circumferential product masses in the central region of the toroidal space are constantly shifted both radially and axially and fed to the heatable and coolable surfaces of the housing, the kneader shaft and / or the disk elements.
  • the conveying components can be changed as desired, for example, a greater slope can be provided in areas of the kneader shaft in order to ensure sufficient conveying components in radial and axial direction.
  • the deflecting surfaces of the cross-sectional profiles of two mirror arms arranged diagonally offset in mirror image are designed such that both deflecting surfaces result in deflection components of the product flow in the same axial direction and in the opposite radial direction .
  • additional mixing arms fastened to the kneader shaft protrude into the radially inner product space and provide additional shifting and mixing in this area.
  • the additional mixing arm has the diagonal mixer arms in parallel in a shear gap associated shear edges, through which the product experiences intensive shearing and crushing.
  • the additional mixer arm can only carry one shear edge or two shear edges which are alternately guided past the mixer arms which are diagonally offset in mirror image.
  • an L-shaped scraper is arranged on the mixer arm fixed to the housing, from which one leg scrapes the disk element and the other leg scrapes the kneader shaft.
  • stirrers are arranged at the ends of the scraper bars, which at the same time also contribute to the mixing of the radially outer product space.
  • the stirrers with the vertical part of the mixer arm also intensively stir the amount of product in this area.
  • FIG. 1 shows a mixing and kneading device with a kneader shaft 2 arranged coaxially in a cylindrical housing 1, each of which is mounted in an end wall 3 and 4 that closes the housing.
  • the kneader shaft 2 passes through the end wall 4 and is coupled to a drive unit 5.
  • the cylindrical housing 1 is shown broken away in a central partial region, in which the kneader shaft 2 and further functional elements can be seen, which can be seen more clearly from FIGS. 2 to 4 explained below.
  • the housing 1 shows the housing 1 with a kneader shaft 2 mounted therein, on which disk elements 8 are arranged in planes perpendicular to the housing or kneader shaft axis, which include a gap up to the inner wall of the housing.
  • the disk elements 8 have an area corresponding to a sector of 60 °, wherein in each case three disk elements 8 are arranged offset by 120 °.
  • these carry transverse scraper bars 10, which enclose a scraping gap with the housing inner wall and can be arranged at an angle to an axial surface line of the housing.
  • the scraper bars 10 have stirrers 11 directed radially inwards at their ends.
  • a mixer arm 12 is fastened in the middle of the housing wall between two levels of disk elements 8, which is directed radially inward in a first section 12a and then bends at an angle of 45 ° to the disk element 8 on the left in FIG. 2.
  • Another mixer arm 12 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 is bent toward the right-hand disk element 8 and represents the mixer arm following in the circumferential direction, which is pivoted into the image plane of FIG. 2 for the purpose of illustration.
  • two mixer arms with alternating bending directions are arranged, offset in the circumferential direction by 180 ° in each case.
  • the mixer arms 12, 12 'carry L-shaped scrapers 13, 13' At their ends, the mixer arms 12, 12 'carry L-shaped scrapers 13, 13', one leg of which is assigned to the surface of the disk elements 8 and the other leg to the surface of the kneader shaft 2.
  • the angled mixer arms 12, 12 ' divide the torus space enclosed by the inner surface of the housing 1, the kneader shaft 2 and the axially adjacent disc elements 8 into a radially outer product space P 1, P 1' and a radially inner product space P 2, P 2 '.
  • Attached to the kneader shaft 2 in the plane between two axially adjacent disc elements 8 are a plurality, preferably two, of mixer arms 14 provided as additional mixer arms, which have the mixer arms 12, 12 'projecting diagonally into the toroidal space and having shear edges 15, 15' assigned in parallel at a shear gap .
  • FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional areas of a mixer arm 12 and a shear edge 15, against which a product stream flowing in the circumferential direction flows, which is divided by a cutting edge 16 arranged on the mixer arm 12 and deflected in a subsequent deflection surface 17.
  • the product stream flowing past on the other side of the cutting edge is detected by the shear edge 15 and subjected to an intensive squeezing and shearing action as it moves past (arrow 18) the static mixer arm 12.
  • a deflection can additionally be achieved by forming a deflecting surface 15a.
  • the flow effects caused by the mixer arm 12, 12 'can thus be influenced in any way.
  • the cutting edge 16 runs in a straight line on the mixer arm 12 shown in solid lines in FIG. 2, the deflection surface 17 being in the radially outer region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12 is deflected with a radially outwardly directed conveying component R 1 and with an axially to the left directed conveying component A1 experiences.
  • the cutting edge 16' runs in a twisted shape, the deflecting surface 17 'lying in the radially inner region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12' deflects with a radially inwardly directed conveying component R2 and experienced with the axially left-hand conveying component A2.
  • the cutting edge 16 ' can also be twisted with the deflecting surface 17' in such a way that the product stream impinging on the mixing arm is deflected radially outwards and axially to the right with one part and radially inwards and axially to the left with the other part. Due to the fact that such a mixer arm divides the product flow into partial flows with oppositely directed axial conveying components, there is no uniform axial conveying component defined in an axial discharge direction, so that a mixing arm with an S-shape twisted cutting edge and deflection surface is mainly used for the purpose of intensive mixing. It is advantageous if mixer arms with differently directed deflection surfaces follow one another in the circumferential direction.
  • the mixing and kneading devices shown are particularly suitable for continuous operation, since the axial components A 1 and A 2 acting in the same direction inform the product of an axial conveying component over the entire product space, but it is also ensured that the product mass is detected from all areas , layered and fed to the heatable or coolable surfaces of the housing, the kneader shaft and the disk elements in a constant flow.
  • the mixing and kneading device according to the invention can also be used equally for batch operation if, for. B. only mixer arms 12 can be arranged, as shown in Fig. 2 in solid lines. So product masses from the middle torus area are constantly detected and transported with radial component R1 to the heatable wall of the housing and conveyed with axial component A1 to the end wall 3 of the mixing and kneading device.
  • the product stream hits the end wall, it rolls over and flows back in the radially inner product area P2, P2 'assigned to the kneader shaft, the product stream being further intensively mixed by the action of the mixer arms 14 designed as additional mixer arms and the scraper 13.
  • the product is advantageously emptied via an outlet connection (not shown) located in the radially inner region of the end wall 4.

Abstract

A mixing and kneading apparatus with a kneading shaft bearingly supported in a cylindrical housing, a plurality of disk elements mounted perpendicularly and axially spaced apart on the kneading shaft. The disk elements carry scraper edges arranged essentially transversely to the plane of the disk elements and facing the housing wall at a slight distance. The housing wall, the kneading shaft, and the disk elements are optionally heatable or and coolable. In order to obtain an intensive intermixing and a uniform retention time of all of the product particle present in the toroidal reaction space, at least one mixer arm connected to the housing or the kneading shaft projects into the toroidal space to a distance at least in the vicinity of the axial and radial center of the toroidal cross section between two axially adjacent disk elements. The mixing arm applies a mixing and/or transport action onto the goods or products present between the inner wall of the housing and the kneading shaft.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Misch- und Knetvorrichtung von der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Art.The invention relates to a mixing and kneading device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Eine Misch- und Knetvorrichtung dieser Art ist aus DE-C-23 49 106 bekannt. Bei ihr bestehen die zwischen benachbarten Scheibenelementen in den von diesen, der Welle und dem Gehäuse begrenzten Torusraum ragenden, feststehenden Gegenelemente aus je einem kurzen radialen Befestigungsarm, einem parallel zur Gehäusewand verlaufenden Knetarm, einem radialen Schaber zum Reinigen der Scheibenelemente und einem axial verlaufenden Schaber zum Reinigen der Welle, wobei der Knetarm und die axialen und radialen Schaber zusammen einen rechteckigen Haken oder einen rechteckigen Rahmen bilden. Die so gestalteten Gegenelemente üben eine gute Knet- und Mischwirkung in den Randzonen des Torusraumes, d.h. in der Nähe der Kneterwelle, des Gehäuses und der Scheibenelemente aus, lassen aber die radiale und axiale Mitte des Torusraums im wesentlichen unbeeinflußt. Hier können sich deshalb Totzonen bilden, in denen das Produkt nicht genügend durchmischt wird, was zu nicht ausreichender Produkthomogenität führen kann. In den Toträumen im Innern des Torusraumes können auch Produktrückstände verbleiben, die beim Chargenwechsel nicht ausgetragen werden, so daß unerwünschte Produktvermischungen zwischen Frisch- und Fertigprodukt entstehen können.A mixing and kneading device of this type is known from DE-C-23 49 106. With it, the fixed counter-elements projecting between adjacent disc elements in the torus space delimited by these, the shaft and the housing each consist of a short radial fastening arm, a kneading arm running parallel to the housing wall, a radial scraper for cleaning the disc elements and an axially extending scraper for Clean the shaft, the kneading arm and the axial and radial scrapers together forming a rectangular hook or frame. The counter elements designed in this way have a good kneading and mixing action in the edge zones of the toroidal area, i.e. in the vicinity of the kneader shaft, the housing and the disk elements, but leave the radial and axial center of the toroidal space essentially unaffected. Dead zones can therefore form here, in which the product is not mixed sufficiently, which can lead to insufficient product homogeneity. Product residues can also remain in the dead spaces in the interior of the torus space which are not discharged when the batch is changed, so that undesired product mixtures between fresh and finished product can occur.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Misch- und Knetvorrichtung der genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß im gesamten Produkt- bzw. Reaktionsraum eine intensive Durchmischung der verschiedenen Produktkomponenten und eine gleichmäßige Verweilzeit aller im Reaktionsraum befindlichen Produktpartikel erreicht wird. Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte weitere Ausgestaltungen an.The invention has for its object to design a mixing and kneading device of the type mentioned so that intensive mixing in the entire product or reaction space of the various product components and an even dwell time of all product particles located in the reaction space is achieved. The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The subclaims indicate advantageous further refinements.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung des diagonal durch den Torusraum und nahe von dessen Mitte verlaufenden Mischerarmen werden Totzonen bzw. nicht gerührte Produkträume auch im Kernbereich des Torusraumes vermieden. Die Anordnung der pflugscharartigen Umlenkflächen sorgt darüberhinaus dafür, daß im mittleren Bereich des Torusraumes umlaufende Produktmassen ständig sowohl radial als auch axial umgeschichtet und den heiz- und kühlbaren Oberflächen des Gehäuses, der Kneterwelle und/oder der Scheibenelemente zugeführt werden.The arrangement according to the invention of the mixer arms running diagonally through the torus space and close to the center thereof avoids dead zones or non-agitated product spaces also in the core area of the torus space. The arrangement of the ploughshare-like deflection surfaces also ensures that circumferential product masses in the central region of the toroidal space are constantly shifted both radially and axially and fed to the heatable and coolable surfaces of the housing, the kneader shaft and / or the disk elements.

Durch eine verwundene Ausbildung der Schneidkante und der Umlenkfläche längs des vorzugsweise diagonal verlaufenden Mischarms sind die Förderkomponenten beliebig veränderbar, beispielsweise kann in Bereichen der Kneterwelle eine stärkere Steigung vorgesehen werden, um auch bei der in diesem Bereich gegebenen geringeren Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Produktstromes ausreichende Förderkomponenten in radialer und axialer Richtung zu erhalten.Through a twisted design of the cutting edge and the deflection surface along the preferably diagonally running mixing arm, the conveying components can be changed as desired, for example, a greater slope can be provided in areas of the kneader shaft in order to ensure sufficient conveying components in radial and axial direction.

Vorzugsweise sind bei der Anordnung von mehreren in einen Torusraum ragenden Mischerarmen deren Diagonalrichtungen in Bezug auf eine radiale Achse R-R spiegelbildlich abwechselnd angeordnet, wodurch sich eine besonders wirksame Durchsetzung des Torusraumes mit Mischerarmen ergibt.In the arrangement of a plurality of mixer arms projecting into a toroidal space, their diagonal directions are alternately arranged in mirror-inverted fashion with respect to a radial axis R-R, which results in a particularly effective enforcement of the toroidal space with mixer arms.

Um einerseits eine starke axiale Förderkomponente und andererseits eine gute Beaufschlagung der heizbaren Oberflächen des Gehäuses und der Kneterwelle zu erzielen sind die Umlenkflächen der Querschnittprofile zweier spiegelbildlich diagonal versetzt angeordneter Mischerarme derart gestaltet, daß beide Umlenkflächen Ablenkungskomponenten des Produktstroms in dieselbe Axialrichtung und in entgegengesetzt gerichtete Radialrichtung ergeben.In order to achieve a strong axial conveying component on the one hand and a good loading of the heatable surfaces of the housing and the kneader shaft on the other hand, the deflecting surfaces of the cross-sectional profiles of two mirror arms arranged diagonally offset in mirror image are designed such that both deflecting surfaces result in deflection components of the product flow in the same axial direction and in the opposite radial direction .

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ragen in den radial inneren Produktraum an der Kneterwelle befestigte Zusatz-Mischarme, die in diesem Bereich für eine zusätzliche Umschichtung und Durchmischung sorgen. Vorteilhafterweise weist der Zusatz-Mischarm den diagonalen Mischerarmen in einem Scherspalt parallel zugeordnete Scherkanten auf, durch die das Produkt eine intensive Scherung und Quetschung erfährt.In a preferred embodiment, additional mixing arms fastened to the kneader shaft protrude into the radially inner product space and provide additional shifting and mixing in this area. Advantageously, the additional mixing arm has the diagonal mixer arms in parallel in a shear gap associated shear edges, through which the product experiences intensive shearing and crushing.

Der Zusatz-Mischerarm kann dabei lediglich eine Scherkante tragen oder zwei Scherkanten, die abwechselnd an den spiegelbildlich diagonal versetzten Mischerarmen vorbeigeführt werden.The additional mixer arm can only carry one shear edge or two shear edges which are alternately guided past the mixer arms which are diagonally offset in mirror image.

Zur kontinuierlichen Abreinigung der Oberflächen des Scheibenelements sowie der Kneterwelle ist am gehäusefesten Mischerarm ein L-förmiger Schaber angeordnet, von dem der eine Schenkel das Scheibenelement und der andere Schenkel die Kneterwelle abschabt.For continuous cleaning of the surfaces of the disk element and the kneader shaft, an L-shaped scraper is arranged on the mixer arm fixed to the housing, from which one leg scrapes the disk element and the other leg scrapes the kneader shaft.

Zur Abreinigung des radial stehenden Teils des Mischerarms sind an den Enden der Schaberleisten radial nach innen gerichtete Rührer angeordnet, die gleichzeitig auch noch zur Durchmischung des radial äußeren Produktraumes beitragen. Neben dem Schabe- bzw. Abreinigungseffekt bewirken die Rührer mit dem senkrecht stehenden Teil des Mischerarms auch noch eine intensive Durchrührung der in diesem Bereich befindlichen Produktmenge.To clean the radially standing part of the mixer arm, radially inwardly directed stirrers are arranged at the ends of the scraper bars, which at the same time also contribute to the mixing of the radially outer product space. In addition to the scraping or cleaning effect, the stirrers with the vertical part of the mixer arm also intensively stir the amount of product in this area.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Misch- und Knetvorichtung mit einem aufgebrochenen Teilbereich des Gehäuses,
Fig. 2
den aufgebrochenen Teilbereich aus Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt durch ein Teilstück der Misch- und Knetvorrichtung gemäß der Schnittlinie III-III in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt durch einen Mischarm und eine Scherkante gemäß Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 2 und
Show it
Fig. 1
a mixing and kneading device with a broken part of the housing,
Fig. 2
2 the enlarged partial area from FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
3 shows a section through a section of the mixing and kneading device according to section line III-III in FIG. 2,
Fig. 4
a section through a mixing arm and a shear edge according to section line IV-IV in Fig. 2 and

Die Fig. 1 stellt eine Misch- und Knetvorrichtung mit einer in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse 1 koaxial angeordneten Kneterwelle 2 dar, die jeweils in einer, daß Gehäuse abschließenden Stirnwand 3 und 4 gelagert ist. Die Kneterwelle 2 durchsetzt die Stirnwand 4 und ist mit einem Antriebsaggregat 5 gekoppelt. Im Bereich der Stirnwand 4 befindet sich eine Einfüllöffnung 6 und im Bereich der Stirnwand 3 eine Auslaßöffnung 7.1 shows a mixing and kneading device with a kneader shaft 2 arranged coaxially in a cylindrical housing 1, each of which is mounted in an end wall 3 and 4 that closes the housing. The kneader shaft 2 passes through the end wall 4 and is coupled to a drive unit 5. There is a filler opening 6 in the area of the end wall 4 and an outlet opening 7 in the area of the end wall 3.

Das zylindrische Gehäuse 1 ist in einem mittleren Teilbereich aufgebrochen dargestellt, in den die Kneterwelle 2 und weitere Funktionselemente ersichtlich sind, die deutlicher aus den nachfolgend erläuterten Figuren 2 bis 4 hervorgehen.The cylindrical housing 1 is shown broken away in a central partial region, in which the kneader shaft 2 and further functional elements can be seen, which can be seen more clearly from FIGS. 2 to 4 explained below.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt das Gehäuse 1 mit darin gelagerter Kneterwelle 2, auf der in senkrecht zur Gehäuse- bzw. Kneterwellenachse liegenden Ebenen Scheibenelemente 8 angeordnet sind, die unter Einschluß eines Spaltes bis zur Gehäuseinnenwand reichen. Wie aus Fig. 3 zu ersehen, weisen die Scheibenelemente 8 eine einem Sektor von 60° entsprechende Fläche auf, wobei in einer Ebene jeweils drei Scheibenelemente 8 um 120° versetzt angeordnet sind.2 shows the housing 1 with a kneader shaft 2 mounted therein, on which disk elements 8 are arranged in planes perpendicular to the housing or kneader shaft axis, which include a gap up to the inner wall of the housing. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the disk elements 8 have an area corresponding to a sector of 60 °, wherein in each case three disk elements 8 are arranged offset by 120 °.

An der radial äußeren, in Bezug auf die Drehrichtung (Pfeil 9) vorderen Kante der Scheibenelemente 8 tragen diese quer verlaufende Schableisten 10, die mit der Gehäuseinnenwand einen Schabspalt einschließen und zu einer axialen Mantellinie des Gehäuses in einem Winkel angeordnet sein können. An ihren Enden tragen die Schableisten 10 radial nach innen gerichtete Rührer 11.On the radially outer, in relation to the direction of rotation (arrow 9) front edge of the disc elements 8, these carry transverse scraper bars 10, which enclose a scraping gap with the housing inner wall and can be arranged at an angle to an axial surface line of the housing. The scraper bars 10 have stirrers 11 directed radially inwards at their ends.

In der Gehäusewand ist mittig zwischen zwei Ebenen von Scheibenelementen 8 ein Mischerarm 12 befestigt, der in einem ersten Teilstück 12a radial nach innnen gerichtete ist und anschließend in einem Winkel von 45° zu dem in Fig. 2 linken Scheibenelement 8 abknickt. Ein weiterer, in Fig. 2 in unterbrochenen Linien dargestellter Mischerarm 12' ist zum rechten Scheibenelement 8 abgeknickt und stellt den in Umfangsrichtung nachfolgenden Mischerarm dar, der zum Zweck der Verdeutlichung in die Bildebene von Fig. 2 geschwenkt ist. Vorzugsweise sind, in Umfangsrichtung um jeweils 180° versetzt, zwei Mischerarme mit wechselnder Abknickrichtung angeordnet.A mixer arm 12 is fastened in the middle of the housing wall between two levels of disk elements 8, which is directed radially inward in a first section 12a and then bends at an angle of 45 ° to the disk element 8 on the left in FIG. 2. Another mixer arm 12 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 is bent toward the right-hand disk element 8 and represents the mixer arm following in the circumferential direction, which is pivoted into the image plane of FIG. 2 for the purpose of illustration. Preferably, two mixer arms with alternating bending directions are arranged, offset in the circumferential direction by 180 ° in each case.

An ihren Enden tragen die Mischerarme 12, 12' L-förmige Schaber 13, 13' von denen jeweils der eine Schenkel der Oberfläche der Scheibenelemente 8 und der andere Schenkel der Oberfläche der Kneterwelle 2 zugeordnet ist.At their ends, the mixer arms 12, 12 'carry L-shaped scrapers 13, 13', one leg of which is assigned to the surface of the disk elements 8 and the other leg to the surface of the kneader shaft 2.

Die Abgewinkelten Mischerarme 12, 12' unterteilen den von der Innenfläche des Gehäuses 1, der Kneterwelle 2 sowie den axial nebeneinanderliegenden Scheibenelementen 8 umschlossenen Torusraum in einen radial äußeren Produktraum P₁, P₁' und einen radial inneren Produktraum P₂, P₂'.The angled mixer arms 12, 12 'divide the torus space enclosed by the inner surface of the housing 1, the kneader shaft 2 and the axially adjacent disc elements 8 into a radially outer product space P 1, P 1' and a radially inner product space P 2, P 2 '.

An der Kneterwelle 2 sind in der Ebene zwischen zwei axial benachbarten Scheibenelementen 8 mehrere, vorzugsweise zwei als Zusatz-Mischerarme vorgesehene Mischerarme 14 befestigt, die den diagonal in den Torusraum ragenden Mischerarmen 12, 12' in einem Scherspaltabstand parallel zugeordnete Scherkanten 15, 15' aufweisen.Attached to the kneader shaft 2 in the plane between two axially adjacent disc elements 8 are a plurality, preferably two, of mixer arms 14 provided as additional mixer arms, which have the mixer arms 12, 12 'projecting diagonally into the toroidal space and having shear edges 15, 15' assigned in parallel at a shear gap .

Die Fig. 4 zeigt die Querschnittsflächen eines Mischerarmes 12 und einer Scherkante 15, die von einem in Umfangsrichtung fließenden Produktstrom angeströmt werden, der von einer am Mischerarm 12 angeordneten Schneidkante 16 zerteilt und in einer anschließenden Umlenkfläche 17 abgelenkt wird. Der auf der anderen Seite der Schneidkante vorbeifließende Produktstrom wird von der Scherkante 15 erfaßt und während der Vorbeibewegung (Pfeil 18) am statischen Mischerarm 12 einer intensiven Quetsch- und Scherwirkung unterworfen. Dabei kann durch die Ausbildung einer Umlenkfläche 15a noch zusätzlich eine Umlenkung erzielt werden. Damit lassen sich die durch den Mischerarm 12, 12' bewirkten Strömungseffekte, noch in beliebiger Weise beeinflussen.FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional areas of a mixer arm 12 and a shear edge 15, against which a product stream flowing in the circumferential direction flows, which is divided by a cutting edge 16 arranged on the mixer arm 12 and deflected in a subsequent deflection surface 17. The product stream flowing past on the other side of the cutting edge is detected by the shear edge 15 and subjected to an intensive squeezing and shearing action as it moves past (arrow 18) the static mixer arm 12. A deflection can additionally be achieved by forming a deflecting surface 15a. The flow effects caused by the mixer arm 12, 12 'can thus be influenced in any way.

Die Schneidkante 16 verläuft auf dem in Fig. 2 in Vollinien dargestellten Mischerarm 12 geradlinig, wobei die Umlenkfläche 17 im radial äußeren Bereich liegt, wodurch der auf diesen Mischerarm 12 auftreffende Produktstrom eine Umlenkung mit radial nach außen gerichteter Förderkomponente R₁ und mit einer axial nach links gerichteten Förderkomponente A₁ erfährt.The cutting edge 16 runs in a straight line on the mixer arm 12 shown in solid lines in FIG. 2, the deflection surface 17 being in the radially outer region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12 is deflected with a radially outwardly directed conveying component R 1 and with an axially to the left directed conveying component A₁ experiences.

Auf dem in Fig. 2 in unterbrochenen Linien dargestellen Mischerarm 12' verläuft die Schneidkante 16' in verwundener Form, wobei die Umlenkfläche 17' im radial inneren Bereiche liegt, wodurch der auf diesen Mischerarm 12' auftreffende Produktstrom eine Umlenkung mit radial nach innen gerichteter Förderkomponente R₂ und mit der axial nach links gerichteten Förderkomponente A₂ erfährt.On the mixer arm 12 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 2, the cutting edge 16' runs in a twisted shape, the deflecting surface 17 'lying in the radially inner region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12' deflects with a radially inwardly directed conveying component R₂ and experienced with the axially left-hand conveying component A₂.

Durch die zusammen mit der Umlenkfläche 17' verwundene Schneidkante 16' wird erreicht, daß die im radial inneren Bereich mit geringerer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit strömenden Produktmengen eine die geringere Anströmgeschwindigkeit kompensierende wirksamere Umlenkung erfahren.As a result of the cutting edge 16 'twisted together with the deflection surface 17', the product quantities flowing in the radially inner region with a lower peripheral speed experience a more effective deflection which compensates for the lower inflow speed.

Grundsätzlich kann die Schneidkante 16' mit der Umlenkfläche 17' auch so verwunden sein, daß der auf den Mischarm auftreffende Produktstrom mit einer Teilmenge radial nach außen und axial nach rechts und mit der anderen Teilmenge radial nach innen und axial nach links abgelenkt wird. Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß ein derartiger Mischerarm den Produktstrom in Teilströme mit entgegengesetzt gerichteten axialen Förderkomponenten aufteilt, stellt sich keine in eine axiale Austragrichtung definierte einheitliche axiale Förderkomponente ein, so daß ein Mischarm mit S-förmig verwundener Schneidkante und Umlenkfläche überwiegend zum Zweck der intensiven Durchmischung verwendet wird. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn in Umfangsrichtung jeweils Mischerarme mit unterschiedlich gerichteten Umlenkflächen aufeinanderfolgen.In principle, the cutting edge 16 'can also be twisted with the deflecting surface 17' in such a way that the product stream impinging on the mixing arm is deflected radially outwards and axially to the right with one part and radially inwards and axially to the left with the other part. Due to the fact that such a mixer arm divides the product flow into partial flows with oppositely directed axial conveying components, there is no uniform axial conveying component defined in an axial discharge direction, so that a mixing arm with an S-shape twisted cutting edge and deflection surface is mainly used for the purpose of intensive mixing. It is advantageous if mixer arms with differently directed deflection surfaces follow one another in the circumferential direction.

Die dargestellten Misch- und Knetvorrichtungen sind besonders für den kontinuierlichen Betrieb geeignet, da durch die in gleiche Richtung wirkenden Axialkomponenten A₁ und A₂ dem Produkt über den gesamten Produktraum eine axiale Förderkomponente mitgeteilt wird, wobei aber auch gewährleistet ist, daß die Produktmasse aus allen Raumbereichen erfaßt, umgeschichtet und den heiz oder kühlbaren Oberflächen des Gehäuses, der Kneterwelle und der Scheibenelemente in einer ständigen Strömung zugeführt wird.The mixing and kneading devices shown are particularly suitable for continuous operation, since the axial components A 1 and A 2 acting in the same direction inform the product of an axial conveying component over the entire product space, but it is also ensured that the product mass is detected from all areas , layered and fed to the heatable or coolable surfaces of the housing, the kneader shaft and the disk elements in a constant flow.

Die erfindungsgemäße Misch- und Knetvorrichtung kann jedoch auch gleichermaßen für einen chargenweisen Betrieb genutzt werden, wenn z. B. nur Mischerarme 12 angeordnet werden, wie sie in Fig. 2 in Vollinien dargestellt sind. Damit werden ständig Produktmassen aus dem mittleren Torusbereich erfaßt und mit radialer Komponente R₁ zur heizbaren Wand des Gehäuses transportiert und mit axialer Komponente A₁ zu der Stirnwand 3 der Misch- und Knetvorrichtung gefördert. Beim Auftreffen des Produktstromes an der Stirnwand überwälzt sich dieser und strömt im radial inneren, der Kneterwelle zugeordneten Produktbereich P₂, P₂' wieder zurück, wobei der Produktstrom durch Einwirkung der als Zusatzmischerarme ausgebildeten Mischerarme 14 und der Schaber 13 weiter intensiv durchmischt wird. Die Produktentleerung erfolgt dabei vorteilhafterweise über einen im radial inneren Bereich der Stirnwand 4 gelegenen Auslaßstutzen (nicht dargestellt).However, the mixing and kneading device according to the invention can also be used equally for batch operation if, for. B. only mixer arms 12 can be arranged, as shown in Fig. 2 in solid lines. So product masses from the middle torus area are constantly detected and transported with radial component R₁ to the heatable wall of the housing and conveyed with axial component A₁ to the end wall 3 of the mixing and kneading device. When the product stream hits the end wall, it rolls over and flows back in the radially inner product area P₂, P₂ 'assigned to the kneader shaft, the product stream being further intensively mixed by the action of the mixer arms 14 designed as additional mixer arms and the scraper 13. The product is advantageously emptied via an outlet connection (not shown) located in the radially inner region of the end wall 4.

Claims (10)

  1. A mixing and kneading device for the mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment of materials which may have a liquid, pasty, granular or powdered consistency, with a cylindrical housing (1), a kneading shaft (2) adapted to be driven and rotatably mounted therein, and rigidly disposed at axial distances on and directed cross-wise to the axis of the kneading shaft disc elements (8) which carry, disposed substantially cross-wise to the plane of the discs and opposite and at a small distance from the inside wall of the housing scraper discs (10), whereby between every two disc elements there is a toroidal space bounded by the disc elements, the inside wall of the housing and the kneading shaft and with disposed in each case between the disc elements fixed counter elements of which each one has fixed to the housing wall and projecting into the toroidal space a mixer arm (12, 12'; 22, 22') and carried by this latter an L-shaped scraper (13, 13'; 23, 23') for the kneading shaft (2) and the disc elements (8), characterised in that the mixer arm (12, 12'; 22, 22') extends approximately in a diagonal direction through the toroidal space extending thereby at least in the vicinity of the axial and radial centre of the cross-section of the toroidal space, and in that the mixer arm (12, 12'; 22, 22') has a cross-section resembling a ploughshare with a cutting edge (16, 16') directed in opposition to the direction of rotation of the kneading shaft (2) and, adjacent thereto, a deflecting surface (17, 17') set at an angle to the peripheral direction concentric with the axis of the kneading shaft, to exert an axially and/or radially directed conveying effect on the product disposed in the middle of the toroidal space.
  2. A mixing and kneading device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the mixer arm (12, 12'; 14) subdivides the cross-section of the toroidal space into an outer product space P₁, P₁' associated with the housing wall and an inner product space P₂, P₂' associated with the kneading shaft (2), the conveying action exerted by the deflecting surface (17, 17') being directed axially and radially in relation to the inner or outer product space.
  3. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the cutting edge (16, 16') and the deflecting surface (17, 17') of the cross-sectional profile along the extent of the mixer arm (12, 12'; 14) are intertwined.
  4. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that where there are a plurality of mixer arms (12, 12'; 14) projecting into a toroidal space, their diagonal direction alternates in a mirror-opposite relationship with a radial axis (R-R).
  5. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the deflecting surfaces (17, 17') of any two successive mixer arms (12, 12'; 14) are so constructed that both deflecting surfaces (17, 17') produce a deflection of the product flow into the same axial direction (A₁, A₂) and in oppositely directed radial directions (R₁, R₂).
  6. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that mixer arms (12, 12'; 14) fixed on the housing (1) or on the kneading shaft (2) have deflecting surfaces set in opposite radial directions and identical axial direction.
  7. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in order to form a parallel shearing gap, there are associated with the mixer arms (12, 12') mounted on the housing (1) squeezing or shearing edges (15, 15') of one or a plurality of mixer arms (14) fixed on the kneading shaft (2) and provided as accessory mixer arms.
  8. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that there is on the mixer arm (12, 12') an L-shaped scraper (13, 13') of which one arm is associated with the surface of a disc element (8) while the other arm is associated with the surface of the kneading shaft (2).
  9. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the scraper strips (10) mounted on the disc element (8) carry at both ends agitators (11) directed radially inwardly into the product space P₁, P₁' which are associated as scrapers with the radially directed areas of the mixer arms (12, 12').
  10. A mixing and kneading device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the scraper strips (10) are in per se known manner disposed at an angle to the axial generatrix of the housing (1).
EP86114051A 1985-10-25 1986-10-10 Mixing and kneading device Expired - Lifetime EP0220575B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86114051T ATE83946T1 (en) 1985-10-25 1986-10-10 MIXING AND KNEADING DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853538070 DE3538070A1 (en) 1985-10-25 1985-10-25 MIXING AND KNEADING DEVICE
DE3538070 1985-10-25

Publications (3)

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EP0220575A2 EP0220575A2 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0220575A3 EP0220575A3 (en) 1989-03-29
EP0220575B1 true EP0220575B1 (en) 1992-12-30

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EP86114051A Expired - Lifetime EP0220575B1 (en) 1985-10-25 1986-10-10 Mixing and kneading device

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US (1) US4775243A (en)
EP (1) EP0220575B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0649142B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE83946T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3538070A1 (en)

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WO1988003053A1 (en) * 1986-10-22 1988-05-05 Heinz Nienhaus Mixing-drying unit
EP0304925A1 (en) * 1987-08-28 1989-03-01 List AG Mixer having forked kneading tools
EP0320586A1 (en) * 1987-12-18 1989-06-21 Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for processing of high-viscosity materials
EP0329091A1 (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 List AG Mixer-kneader with plural shafts
EP0761295A1 (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-12 List Ag Mixing kneader
US5934801A (en) * 1995-01-18 1999-08-10 List Ag Mixing and kneading apparatus

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CH672749A5 (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-12-29 List Ag
CH679290A5 (en) * 1989-10-04 1992-01-31 List Ag
CH686406A5 (en) * 1990-04-11 1996-03-29 List Ag Continuously operating mixing kneader.
DE4102177A1 (en) * 1991-01-25 1992-07-30 Krauss Maffei Ag Stirred mixer-reactor with injection ports within series of fixed wall baffles - allowing multiple point addition, sampling, measurements along reactor length
DE19536944A1 (en) * 1995-10-04 1997-04-10 List Ag Mixer kneader
US5735603A (en) * 1996-05-03 1998-04-07 Littleford Day, Inc. Horizontal mixer apparatus and method with improved shaft and seal structure
CN1241679C (en) * 2001-04-25 2006-02-15 利斯特股份公司 Mixer bars cleaning in radial or axial manner
US8925906B2 (en) * 2010-06-17 2015-01-06 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Device for diluting a viscous substance
BR112017002273B1 (en) 2014-08-13 2022-05-03 Versalis S.P.A. Rotor, stirring device, method for preparing formed rotor blade or stator blade formed from airfoil and method for preparing airfoil formed from rotor blade or stator blade

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WO1988003053A1 (en) * 1986-10-22 1988-05-05 Heinz Nienhaus Mixing-drying unit
EP0304925A1 (en) * 1987-08-28 1989-03-01 List AG Mixer having forked kneading tools
EP0320586A1 (en) * 1987-12-18 1989-06-21 Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for processing of high-viscosity materials
EP0329091A1 (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 List AG Mixer-kneader with plural shafts
US5934801A (en) * 1995-01-18 1999-08-10 List Ag Mixing and kneading apparatus
EP0761295A1 (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-12 List Ag Mixing kneader

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3538070C2 (en) 1991-03-07
US4775243A (en) 1988-10-04
DE3538070A1 (en) 1987-04-30
ATE83946T1 (en) 1993-01-15
JPH0649142B2 (en) 1994-06-29
EP0220575A2 (en) 1987-05-06
JPS62102823A (en) 1987-05-13
EP0220575A3 (en) 1989-03-29

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