EP0219314B2 - Granular detergent compositions having improved solubility - Google Patents

Granular detergent compositions having improved solubility Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0219314B2
EP0219314B2 EP19860307799 EP86307799A EP0219314B2 EP 0219314 B2 EP0219314 B2 EP 0219314B2 EP 19860307799 EP19860307799 EP 19860307799 EP 86307799 A EP86307799 A EP 86307799A EP 0219314 B2 EP0219314 B2 EP 0219314B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
surfactant
sodium
sulfate
detergent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP19860307799
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0219314A2 (en
EP0219314B1 (en
EP0219314A3 (en
Inventor
Brett Alan Evans
George John Kaminsky
Richard Hansen
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/08—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
    • C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to granular detergent compositions containing a specific mixture of alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant, alkyl sulfate surfactant, alkali metal silicate and sodium sulfate.
  • the compositions are prepared by drying, preferably by spray-drying, an aqueous slurry comprising the above components.
  • composition in accordance with the invention preferably also contains detergent builder materials, it should be substantially free of pyrophosphate and anhydrous Form 1 tripolyphosphate builder in that portion of the composition prepared by drying the slurry comprising the sulfonate and sulfate surfactants, silicate and sulfate.
  • alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants are desired for optimum detergency performance.
  • such mixtures tend to gel on contact with water, This can result in poor solubility of granules having high levels of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants, particularly when such granules are incorporated in dense detergent compositions.
  • soluble granular detergent compositions containing high levels of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants can be obtained by drying an aqueous slurry comprising the surfactants, silicate in a weight ratio of surfactant to silicate within the range of from 2:1 to 4:1, sodium sulfate and substantially no pyrophosphate or anhydrous Form I tripolyphosphate detergent builder material.
  • these soluble detergent granules are admixed or agglomerated with builders, and other optional detergent ingredients.
  • compositions are obtained by admixing the soluble granules with builders, compacting the admix at relatively low pressures (eg., 137.9 kPa to 1379 kPa and optionally admixing additional builders and other ingredients to provide finished granular detergent compositions.
  • relatively low pressures eg., 137.9 kPa to 1379 kPa
  • additional builders and other ingredients e.g., 137.9 kPa to 1379 kPa
  • Such a process is the subject of the commonly assigned European Patent Application Publication No 0220024.
  • the compositions can also contain 0.20% of other surfactants such as alkylbenzene sulfonates.
  • Spray-dried detergents containing mixtures of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl ethoxy sulfate surfactants, silicate and builders are exemplified.
  • the particles are mixed with spray-dried base granule containing about 27% of a mixture of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl ethoxy sulfate surfactants, 18% silicate and about 22% sodium tripolyphosphate.
  • EP-A-0084657 discloses physically stable strongly foaming spray-dried granular detergent compositions comprising 35-50% C 10 -C 14 alkylbenzene sulfonates, 0-15% C 10 -C 20 alkyl sulfates, 5-20% sodium silicate, 0-10% sodium sulfate, 5-25% sodium tripolyphosphate and 5-25% sodium aluminosilicate zeolite.
  • AU-A-61106 discloses mixtures of linear C 10 -C 15 alkyl benzene sulfonates and C 14 -C 18 alkyl sulfates in a tripolyphosphate-built, silicate- and sulfate-containing spray-dried detergent composition having enhanced cleaning properties.
  • Japanese, OPI 106509, published August 21, 1979 discloses spray-dried granular detergents containing 15-40% surfactant, 5-20% silicate and no more than 12% phosphate.
  • the compositions are said to have good physical properties and to cause less deposition of insolubles on clothes.
  • Japanese OPI 72998 and 72999 published April 25, 1985, discloses dense granular detergents formed by high shear mixing of alkylbenzene sulfuric acid and alkyl sulfuric acid with sodium carbonate and water to cause neutralization, admixing other ingredients such as builders, and then crushing and granulating the mixture.
  • a granular detergent composition prepared by drying an aqueous slurry, said composition comprising:
  • the granular detergent compositions of the present invention contain from 30% to 60%, preferably from 35% to 60%, more preferably from 40% to 50%, by weight of a mixture of C 11 -C 13 alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant and C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfate surfactant in a weight ratio of sulfonate surfactant to sulfate surfactant of from 4:1 to 1:4, preferably from 3:1 to 1:3, more preferably from 2:1 to 1:2.
  • Sulfonate surfactants useful herein are the water-soluble salts, particularly the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium (e.g., monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium) salts of alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from 11 to 13 carbon atoms, in straight chain or branched chain configuration e.g., those of the type described in U.S. Patents 2,220,099 and 2.477,383.
  • alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium e.g., monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium
  • Useful alkyl sulfate surfactants are the water-soluble salts, particularly the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium (e.g., monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium) salts of C 12 -C 16 linear or branched alkyl sulfates. Preferred are those containing a C 12 -C 15 , especially C 14 -C 15 , linear alkyl group.
  • compositions herein can also contain minor amounts (generally less than about 30%, but preferably less than about 15%, by weight of the above sulfonate and sulfate surfactants) of other detergent surfactants known in the art.
  • minor amounts can include anionic, nonionic, cationic, ampholytic and zwitterionic surfactants, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,919,678, Laughlin, et al, issued December 30, 1975.
  • compositions of the present invention also contain an alkali metal silicate having a molar ratio of SiO 2 to alkali metal oxide of from 1.0 to 3.2, preferably from 1.6 to 2.4, Sodium silicate, particularly having a molar ratio of from 1.6 to 2.2, is preferred.
  • the alkali metal silicates can be purchased in either liquid or granular form. Silicate solutions or slurries can conveniently be used to avoid having to dissolve the dried form in the aqueous slurry (e.g., crutcher mix) of the components herein.
  • aqueous slurry e.g., crutcher mix
  • the weight ratio of the alkylbenzene sulfonate plus alkyl sulfate surfactants herein to the alkali metal silicate must be from 2:1 to 4:1, preferably from 2.5:1 to 3.5:1.
  • compositions further contain from 10% to 60%, preferably from 20% to 50%, by weight of sodium sulfate.
  • Sodium sulfate is usually formed during the sulfation/sulfonation and neutralization steps in the production of the alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants herein.
  • compositions herein are prepared by drying an aqueous slurry comprising the components.
  • the slurry generally contains from 25% to 70%, preferably from 40% to 60%, water, whereas the dried granules initially contain from 1% to 3%, water.
  • the drying operation can be accomplished by any convenient means, such as by using spray-drying towers, both counter-current and co-current, fluid beds, flash-drying equipment, or industrial microwave or oven-drying equipment. Those are more fully described in U.S. Patent 4,019,998, Benson et al, issued April 26, 1977 (particularly from Column 14, line 19 to Column 15, line 9).
  • the granular detergents herein are very soluble in the wash water even though they contain high levels of alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants. Good solubility is obtained when the weight ratio of total sulfonate plus sulfate surfactant to silicate is within the 2:1 to 4:1 range specified above. While not intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that this relatively high level of silicate provides structure and helps to maintain integrity of the high surfactant granules and that this minimizes gelling when the surfactants contact the wash water. However, if the silicate level becomes too high (e.g., a surfactant to silicate ratio of 1:1), overall solubility can suffer due to the formation of silicate insolubles.
  • the portion of the granular detergent obtained by drying an aqueous slurry of the essential components of the composition of the present invention should be free of substantially free of detergent pyrophosphate or anhydrous Form 1 tripolyphosphate builder.
  • substantially free means less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, by weight of such builder material.
  • composition contains from 1 % to 45% by weight of non-phosphate detergent builders including any of those described in US Patent 3,925,262, Laughlin et al, issued December 9, 1975.
  • Builders are generally selected from the various water-soluble alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium phosphonates, polyphosphonates, carbonates, borates, polyhydroxy sulfonates, polyacetates, carboxylates, and polycarboxylates.
  • alkali metal especially sodium salts of the above.
  • polyphosphonate builders are the sodium and potassium salts of ethylene diphosphonic acid, the sodium and potassium salts of ethane 1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonic acid and the sodium and potassium salts of ethane, 1,1,2-triphosphonic acid.
  • Other phosphorus builder compounts are disclosed in US Patents 3,159,581; 3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,422,1137; 3,400,176; and 3,400,148.
  • nonphosphorus, inorganic builders are sodium and potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, and tetraborate decahydrate.
  • Water-soluble, nonphosphorus organic builders useful herein include the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates and polyhydroxy sulfonates.
  • polyacetate and polycarboxylate builders are the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids, and citric acid.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylate builders are also described in U.S Patent 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967. Such materials include the water-soluble salts of homo- and copolymers of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, fumaric acid, aconitic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
  • Other useful builders herein are sodium and potassium carboxymethyloxymalonate, carboxymethyloxysuccinate, cis-cyclohexanehexacarboxylate, cis-cyclopentanetetracarboxylate, phloroglucinol trisulfonate, and the copolymers of maleic anhydride with vinyl methyl ether or ethylene.
  • polycarboxylates are the polyacetal carboxylates described in U.S. Patent 4,144,226, issued March 13, 1979 to Crutchfield et al, and U.S. Patent 4,246,495, issued March 27, 1979 to Crutchfield et al.
  • polyacetal carboxylates can be prepared by bringing together under polymerization conditions an ester of glyoxylic acid and a polymerization initiator. The resulting polyacetal carboxylate ester is then attached to chemically stable end groups to stabilize the polyacetal carboxylate against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution and converted to the corresponding salt.
  • a preferred builder for use in compositions that are substantially free of phosphorus-containing builders is sodium citrate.
  • the above granular detergent compositions can be used as finished detergent compositions or as detergent additive compositions. However, they are preferably used as (and hereinafter referred to as) detergent base granules which are then admixed or agglomerated with builder material and with other optional ingredients to provide finished detergent compositions exhibiting good solubility.
  • Such finished compositions can comprise by weight from 5% to 50%, preferably from 10% to 40%, more preferably from 12% to 25%, of the alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate surfactants herein and from 5% to 95%, preferably from 10% to 85%, more preferably from 15% to 75%, of detergent builder material.
  • the builders herein should have the same particle size as the remainder of the composition, as described hereinafter.
  • the detergent builder materials that are admixed can include any of those described above and may also include phosphate materials such as sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate, polymeric metaphosphate having a degree of polymerisation of from 6 to 21 and orthophosphate.
  • the tripolyphosphate is preferably present as Form II or hydrated Form I and for best solubility, the amount of pyrophosphate and anhydrous Form I tripolyphosphate should be minimised, i.e. the finished compositions preferably contain from 0% to 20%, preferably from 0% to 10%, of such material or mixtures thereof.
  • compositions can also contain minor amounts, generally less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, by weight of other ingredients usually included in detergent compositions.
  • minor amounts generally less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, by weight of other ingredients usually included in detergent compositions.
  • auxiliary detergent surfactants color speckles, bleaching agents, and bleach activators, suds boosters or suds supressors, antitarnish and anticorrosion agents, soil suspending agents, soil release agents, dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, pH adjusting agents, nonbuilder alkalinity sources, enzymes, enzyme-stabilizing agents and perfumes.
  • Agglomeration can be accomplished by agitating in the presence of a suitable binder (e.g. in a fluidized bed, tumble mixer, or a rotating drum or pan) or by mechanically mixing under pressure (e.g., extruding, pressing, milling, compacting or pelletizing). Final sizing can then be achieved by grinding and screening.
  • a suitable binder e.g. in a fluidized bed, tumble mixer, or a rotating drum or pan
  • mechanically mixing under pressure e.g., extruding, pressing, milling, compacting or pelletizing.
  • Final sizing can then be achieved by grinding and screening.
  • the detergent base granules are admixed with from 0% to 300%, preferably from 25% to 200%, more preferably from 50% to 150%, by weight of the base granules, of a detergent builder material such as described above.
  • the resulting admix is then preferably compacted at a relatively low pressure of from 137.9 to 1379 preferably from 275.8 to 1034 more preferably from 344.8 to 689.4 kilo Pascals (kPa).
  • the composition is then preferably admixed with an additional 0% to 300%, preferably from 25% to 200%, more preferably from 50% to 150%, by weight of the base granules, of a detergent builder material.
  • the above levels and types of builder material and compaction pressure are preferably selected so that the final detergent composition has a bulk density of from 0.55 to 1.2, preferably from 0.65 to 1.1, more preferably from 0.70 to 0.9 g/cc and an average particle size of from 20 to 1500 microns, preferably from 50 to 1200 micrometers, more preferably from 100 to 800 micrometers.
  • the above compaction step is preferably accomplished by using equipment that applies a relatively uniform compaction pressure, for example, by using compaction rollers with smooth (i.e., noncorrugated) surfaces.
  • the composition is preferably granulated and screened to provide an average particle size similar to that desired for the final composition.
  • the base granules were produced by spray-drying an aqueous crutcher mix of the components on a 305 cm tower using a crutcher temperature of 93°C a size 3-1/2 nozzle to make fine granules, and silicone deaeratants. If the base granules contained more than 2% moisture, a second drying stage on a continuous fluid bed was performed to reduce moisture to 2%.
  • the base granules were then admixed with powdered STP hexahydrate to form the preblend.
  • the preblend was compacted at 344.8kPa roll pressure on a 10 cm by 25 cm chilsonator, and screened to select a - 14(1168 micrometers)/ + 65(208 micrometers) particle size cut (Tyler mesh).
  • Oversized particles were collected and granulated on a Fitzmill using a 1168 micrometers screen and low rpm's. This was screened to select a -20(833 micrometers)/+ 48(205 micrometers) particle size cut. Both materials were dedusted by blowing off fines in a fluid bed dryer using ambient air.
  • the admix was prepared at 181.5 kg per batch in a drum mixer. Carbonate, granular STP (with dye sprayed-on), brightener, enzymes, and suds suppressor prills were blended with the compacted mainstream product cut and regranulated overs. The ratio of mainstream product cut to overs was 7 to 1. Mineral oil was sprayed on the final admix in 13.6 to 18.1 kg batches at a 1% level using a Forberg Mixer.
  • Example 1 is preferably incorporated into a laminated laundry product formed from two plies of water insoluble tissues, at least one of which is water permeable, which are laminated together. At least one of the plies has cup like depressions, surrounded by rims and the other ply being attached to the first ply at the rims to physically separate the cups.
  • the laminate is made with plies of the tissue paper described by Trokhan in U.S. Patent 4,529,480, issued July 16, 1985.
  • the tissue had good air permeability as set forth in U.S. Patent 4,170,565, Flesher et al, issued October 9, 1979,
  • Example 1 When the composition of Example 1 is incorporated in said laminated laundry product, it exhibits superior solubility.
  • the following granular detergent composition can be prepared and used according to Example I.
  • Base Granules Weight % Grams Final Composition per use Sodium C 13 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate 15.75 6.81 Sodium C 14-15 alkyl sulfate 15.75 6.81 Sodium silicate (1.6 ratio) 7.88 3.41 Sodium sulfate 23.01 9.95

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
EP19860307799 1985-10-09 1986-10-09 Granular detergent compositions having improved solubility Expired - Lifetime EP0219314B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78593185A 1985-10-09 1985-10-09
US785931 1985-10-09

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0219314A2 EP0219314A2 (en) 1987-04-22
EP0219314A3 EP0219314A3 (en) 1988-11-09
EP0219314B1 EP0219314B1 (en) 1993-08-04
EP0219314B2 true EP0219314B2 (en) 1999-06-23

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ID=25137068

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860307799 Expired - Lifetime EP0219314B2 (en) 1985-10-09 1986-10-09 Granular detergent compositions having improved solubility

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0219314B2 (xx)
JP (1) JPH07116477B2 (xx)
AU (1) AU597909B2 (xx)
CA (1) CA1337041C (xx)
DE (1) DE3688820T3 (xx)
NZ (1) NZ217875A (xx)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1275019A (en) * 1985-10-09 1990-10-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergent compositions having improved solubility
HU906341D0 (en) * 1986-10-13 1991-04-29 Sandoz Ag Process for producing peptonic derivatives modified with sugar and pharmaceutical preparatives containing these compounds as active substance
GB2217340A (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-25 Unilever Plc Preparation of a granular detergent composition
GB8810821D0 (en) * 1988-05-06 1988-06-08 Unilever Plc Detergent compositions & process for preparing them
JPH0633439B2 (ja) * 1988-07-28 1994-05-02 花王株式会社 高密度粒状濃縮洗剤組成物
GB9012613D0 (en) * 1990-06-06 1990-07-25 Unilever Plc Soap powder compositions
DE19501269A1 (de) 1995-01-18 1996-07-25 Henkel Kgaa Amorphes Alkalisilikat-Compound
TW502064B (en) * 1996-03-11 2002-09-11 Kao Corp Detergent composition for clothes washing

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA767282B (en) * 1975-12-15 1978-07-26 Colgate Palmolive Co Laundry detergent composition and use
DE3151536A1 (de) * 1981-12-28 1983-07-07 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Starkschaeumendes, koerniges waschmittel mit erhoehter kornstabilitaet und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
JPS6157700A (ja) * 1984-08-29 1986-03-24 花王株式会社 水溶性フイルムを用いた単位包装洗剤製品

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Publication number Publication date
DE3688820D1 (de) 1993-09-09
AU6359486A (en) 1987-04-16
CA1337041C (en) 1995-09-19
DE3688820T3 (de) 2000-01-13
AU597909B2 (en) 1990-06-14
EP0219314A2 (en) 1987-04-22
JPS62161898A (ja) 1987-07-17
JPH07116477B2 (ja) 1995-12-13
EP0219314B1 (en) 1993-08-04
EP0219314A3 (en) 1988-11-09
NZ217875A (en) 1990-02-26
DE3688820T2 (de) 1994-03-10

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