EP0212512A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbamidsäureestern - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbamidsäureestern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0212512A1 EP0212512A1 EP86111022A EP86111022A EP0212512A1 EP 0212512 A1 EP0212512 A1 EP 0212512A1 EP 86111022 A EP86111022 A EP 86111022A EP 86111022 A EP86111022 A EP 86111022A EP 0212512 A1 EP0212512 A1 EP 0212512A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid esters
- electrolysis
- carbamic
- alkyl
- manufacturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229940112021 centrally acting muscle relaxants carbamic acid ester Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003948 formamides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 alkaryl radical Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formamide Substances NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GTCAXTIRRLKXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl carbamate Chemical class COC(N)=O GTCAXTIRRLKXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IIBOGKHTXBPGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzylformamide Chemical compound O=CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 IIBOGKHTXBPGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQGNLKJAIVSNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butylformamide Chemical compound CCCCNC=O QQGNLKJAIVSNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007098 aminolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorocarbonic acid Chemical class OC(Cl)=O AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005686 dimethyl carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical compound C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical class I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WYLHQTSQMKMTGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclopentylformamide Chemical compound O=CNC1CCCC1 WYLHQTSQMKMTGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylformamide Chemical compound CCNC=O KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBWPKQRQZDZVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octylformamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNC=O ZBWPKQRQZDZVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVTGAKFJRLBHLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylformamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC=O KVTGAKFJRLBHLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZICSCMIUWYLOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylformamide Chemical compound [CH2]CCNC=O ZICSCMIUWYLOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical group [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/23—Oxidation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of carbamic acid esters.
- Carbamic acid esters as is generally known, have been prepared from phosgene by reaction with alcohols to form chloroformic acid esters and subsequent aminolysis. Dealing with the highly toxic and corrosive preliminary and intermediate products requires considerable technical effort. HCl or halogen-containing waste salts are also obtained in these processes, the separation of which is often technically very complex (cf. Ullmann, Enzyklopadie der techn. Chemie, Vol. 9, p. 118 ff.).
- the invention was based on the object of finding a process for the preparation of carbamic esters which is technically simple and economical and is distinguished by particular environmental friendliness.
- carbamic acid esters of the general formula (I) R1NHCOOR2 (I), in which R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkaryl radical and R2 is a low molecular weight alkyl radical, can be prepared particularly advantageously if formamides of the general formula (II) R1NHCHO (II) electrochemically oxidized in the presence of alcohols of the formula R2OH and in the presence of an ionogenic halide.
- Suitable cycloalkyl radicals are those having 3 to 8, in particular 5 and 6, carbon atoms.
- R1 can be alkylaryl radicals having 7 to 12, in particular 7 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g. represent benzyl or phenylethyl radicals.
- radicals mentioned can still carry substituents which are inert under the reaction conditions, e.g. C1-C4 alkyl or alkoxy groups, halogen or nitrile groups.
- the following formamides can be implemented: methylformamide, ethylformamide, n- and iso-propylformamide, n-butylformamide, n-octylformamide, cyclohexyl- or cyclopentylformamide, benzylformamide and the unsubstituted formamide.
- R2 represents a low molecular weight alkyl radical, in particular an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical.
- R2 represents a low molecular weight alkyl radical, in particular an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical.
- n- or iso-propanol, n-butanol, n-propanol and in particular methanol, ethanol can be used.
- Suitable ionogenic halides are salts of hydrogen iodide, hydrobromic acid and hydrochloric acid. Salts of hydrobromic acid, such as alkali, alkaline earth bromides and quaternary ammonium, especially tetraalkylammonium bromides are particularly preferred.
- the cation does not play an essential role in the invention, therefore other ionic metal halides can also be used, but one becomes advantageous choose cheap halides. Examples include sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium bromide, and di-, tri- and tetramethyl- or tetraethylammonium bromide.
- the method according to the invention does not require a special electrolysis cell. It can advantageously be carried out in an undivided flow cell.
- All anode materials which are customary per se and are stable under the electrolysis conditions, such as noble metal, for example gold or platinum or metal oxides such as NiO x, can be used as anodes.
- the preferred anode material is graphite.
- the cathode material consists, for example, of metals such as lead, iron, steel, nickel or precious metals such as platinum.
- the preferred cathode material is also graphite.
- the composition of the electrolyte can be chosen within wide limits.
- the electrolyte consists of 10-80 wt% R1NHCHO 10 - 80% by weight. R2OH 0.1 - 10% by weight halide.
- a solvent can be added to the electrolyte, for example to improve the solubility of the formamide or the halide.
- examples include nitriles such as acetonitrile, carbonates such as dimethyl carbonates and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran.
- the current density is not a limiting factor for the method according to the invention, it is e.g. 1 to 25 A / dm2, preferably 3 to 12 A / dm2.
- the temperature is expediently chosen so that it is at least 5 to 10 ° C. below the boiling point of the electrolyte.
- electrolysis is preferably carried out at temperatures of 20 to 30 ° C.
- the process according to the invention offers the possibility of largely converting the formamides without there being any deterioration in yield.
- the current yields are also unusually high in the process according to the invention.
- the formamide is already fully converted in electrolysis with 2 to 2.5 F / mol formamide.
- the electrolysis discharges can be worked up by methods known per se.
- the electrolysis discharge is expediently worked up by distillation. Excess alkanol and any cosolvent used are first distilled off, the halides are separated in a known manner, for example by filtration or extraction, and the carbamic acid esters are distilled or recrystallized. Alkanol, possibly unreacted formamide and cosolvent as well as halides can advantageously be returned to electrolysis.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise or continuously.
- the carbamic acid esters produced by the process according to the invention are versatile intermediates for the synthesis of isocyanates, crop protection agents and auxiliaries, e.g. for finishing textiles.
- the electrooxidation was carried out in an undivided electrolysis cell with graphite anodes and cathodes at temperatures of 20 to 25 ° C.
- the electrolyte which contains sodium bromide as the conductive salt, was pumped through the cell at 200 l / h via a heat exchanger.
- the composition of the electrolyte is shown in Table 1.
- the work-up was carried out in such a way that the alcohol was distilled off at atmospheric pressure up to a bottom temperature of 120 to 130 ° C. and the remaining residue was distilled in at 5 to 40 mbar.
- the purification was carried out by recrystallization from ethyl acetate.
- the residue was filtered hot after separating the alcohol at 80-100 ° C. (separation of NaBr); the urethanes then crystallized from the filtrate at 20-30 ° C. in spectroscopic (1 H-NMR) pure form.
- the carbamic acid esters were obtained at a conversion of 100% in yields of 57 to 88%, based on the starting material (II).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbamidsäureestern.
- Carbamidsäureester wurden bisher, wie allgemein bekannt, ist aus Phosgen durch Umsetzung mit Alkoholen zu Chlorameisensäureestern und anschließende Aminolyse hergestellt. Der Umgang mit den hochtoxischen und korrosiven Vor- und Zwischenprodukten erfordert technisch einen erheblichen Aufwand. Weiterhin fallen bei diesen Verfahren HCl oder halogenhaltige Abfallsalze an, deren Abtrennung häufig technisch sehr aufwendig ist (vgl. Ullmann, Enzyklopädie der techn. Chemie, Bd. 9, S. 118 ff.).
- In phosgenfreien Alternativverfahren wird Harnstoff mit Alkanolen umgesetzt. Nachteilig hierbei sind hohe Reaktionstemperaturen und lange Reaktionszeiten sowie der technisch aufwendige Umgang mit Feststoffen (vgl. z.B. Houben-Weyl, Methoden d. org. Chemie, Bd. 8, S. 111 ff.).
- Der Erfindung lag nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbamidsäurestern zu finden, das technisch einfach und ökonomisch ist und sich durch besondere Umweltfreundlichkeit auszeichnet.
- Demgemäß wurde gefunden, daß man Carbamidsäureester der allgemeinen Formel (I),
R¹NHCOOR² (I),
in der R¹ Wasserstoff oder einen Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- oder Alkarylrest bedeutet und R² für einen niedermolekularen Alkylrest steht, besonders vorteilhaft herstellen kann, wenn man Formamide der allgemeinen Formel (II)
R¹NHCHO (II)
in Gegenwart von Alkoholen der Formel R²OH und in Anwesenheit eines ionogenen Halogenids elektrochemisch oxidiert. - Der Erfolg des Verfahrens ist überraschend, da seit langem bekannt ist, daß die elektrochemische Umsetzung von Formamiden in Alkoholen in Gegenwart von Leitsalzen wie Tetraalkylammoniumtetrafluoroborat stets zu Alkoxiformamiden führt (vgl. z.B. L. Eberson und K. Nyberg; Tetrahedron 32 (1976), 2185-2206), wie folgende Reaktionsgleichung verdeutlicht:
- Bevorzugt werden Alkylreste mit 1 bis 12, insbesondere 1 bis 8, vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, z.B. Methyl-, Ethyl-, n- und iso--Propyl-, n-Butyl- oder tert. Butylreste.
- Als Cycloalkylreste kommen solche mit 3 bis 8, insbesondere 5 und 6 Kohlenstoffatomen in Betracht. Weiterhin kann R¹ für Alkylarylreste mit 7 bis 12, insbesondere 7 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, z.B. für Benzyl- oder Phenylethylreste stehen.
- Die genannten Reste können noch unter den Reaktionsbedingungen inerte Substituenten tragen, z.B. C₁-C₄-Alkyl- oder Alkoxigruppen, Halogen oder Nitrilgruppen.
- Beispielsweise können folgende Formamide umgesetzt werden: Methylformamid, Ethylformamid, n- und iso-Propylformamid, n-Butylformamid, n-Octylformamid, Cyclohexyl- oder Cyclopentylformamid, Benzylformamid sowie das unsubstituierte Formamid.
- In den Alkoholen der Formel R²OH steht R² für einen niedermolekularen Alkylrest, insbesondere für einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 5 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise für einen Methyl- oder Ethylrest. Beispielsweise können n- oder iso-Propanol, n-Butanol, n-Propanol und insbesondere Methanol, Ethanol verwendet werden.
- Als ionogene Halogenide kommen Salze der Iodwasserstoff-, Bromwasserstoff- und Chlorwasserstoffsäure in Betracht. Besonders bevorzugt sind Salze der Bromwasserstoffsäure, wie Alkali-, Erdalkalibromide sowie quaternäre Ammonium-, insbesondere Tetraalkylammoniumbromide. Das Kation spielt keine erfindungswesentliche Rolle, es können daher auch andere ionogene Metallhalogenide verwendet werden, vorteilhaft wird man jedoch billige Halogenide wählen. Beispielsweise seien Natrium-, Kalium-, Calcium- und Ammoniumbromid sowie Di-, Tri- und Tetramethyl- oder Tetraethylammoniumbromid genannt.
- Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erfordert keine besondere Elektrolysezelle. Vorteilhaft kann man es in einer ungeteilten Durchflußzelle durchführen. Als Anoden können alle an sich üblichen Anodenmaterialien verwendet werden, die unter den Elektrolysebedingungen stabil sind, wie Edelmetall, z.B. Gold oder Platin oder Metalloxide wie NiOx. Bevorzugtes Anodenmaterial ist Graphit. Das Kathodenmaterial besteht z.B. aus Metallen wie Blei, Eisen, Stahl, Nickel oder Edelmetallen wie Platin. Bevorzugtes Kathodenmaterial ist ebenfalls Graphit.
- Die Zusammensetzung des Elektrolyten kann in weiten Grenzen gewählt werden. So besteht der Elektrolyt beispielsweise aus
10 - 80 Gew.% R¹NHCHO
10 - 80 Gew%. R²OH
0,1 - 1O Gew.% Halogenid. - Dem Elektrolyten kann so gewünscht ein Lösungsmittel, etwa zur Verbesserung der Löslichkeit des Formamids oder des Halogenids zugesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Nitrile, wie Acetonitril, Carbonate, wie Dimethylcarbonate und Ether, wie Tetrahydrofuran. Die Stromdichte ist kein begrenzender Faktor für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, sie beträgt z.B. 1 bis 25 A/dm², vorzugsweise wird mit 3 bis 12 A/dm² elektrolysiert. Die Temperatur wird bei druckloser Fahrweise der Elektrolyse zweckmäßigerweise so gewählt, daß sie zumindest 5 bis 10°C unter dem Siedepunkt des Elektrolyten liegt. Bei Verwendung von Methanol oder Ethanol wird vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen von 20 bis 30°C elektrolysiert. Es wurde überraschend festgestellt, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Möglichkeit bietet die Formamide weitgehend umzusetzen, ohne daß es zu Ausbeuteverschlechterungen kommt. Auch die Stromausbeuten sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ungewöhnlich hoch. So ist das Formamid bei Elektrolyse mit 2 bis 2,5 F/Mol Formamid bereits vollständig umgesetzt.
- Die Aufarbeitung der Elektrolyseausträge kann man nach an sich bekannten Methoden vornehmen. Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Elektrolyseaustrag destillativ aufgearbeitet. Überschüssiges Alkanol und evtl. eingesetztes Kolösungsmittel werden zunächst abdestilliert, die Halogenide werden in bekannter Weise z.B. durch Filtration oder Extraktion abgetrennt, und die Carbamidsäureester werden reindestilliert bzw. umkristallisiert. Alkanol, evtl. unumgesetztes Formamid und Kolösungsmittel sowie Halogenide können vorteilhaft zur Elektrolyse zurückgeführt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann sowohl diskontinuierlich als auch kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden.
- Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Carbamidsäureester sind vielfältig einsetzbare Zwischenprodukte für die Synthese von Isocyanaten, Pflanzenschutzmitteln und Hilfsmitteln, z.B. für die Ausrüstung von Textilien.
- Die Elektrooxidation wurde in einer ungeteilten Elektrolysezelle mit Graphitanoden und -kathoden bei Temperaturen von 20 bis 25°C durchgeführt. Während der Elektrolyse wurde der Elektrolyt, der als Leitsalz Natriumbromid enthält, mit 200 l/h über einen Wärmeaustauscher durch die Zelle gepumpt. Die Zusammensetzung des Elektrolyten ist Tabelle 1 zu entnehmen.
- Nach Beendigung der Elektrolyse erfolgte die Aufarbeitung in der Weise, daß man den Alkohol bei Normaldruck bis zu einer Sumpftemperatur von 120 bis 130°C abdestillierte und den verbleibenden Rückstand bei 5 bis 40 mbar reindestillierte. Im Fall des unsubstituierten Carbamidsäuremethylesters (Beispiel 7) erfolgte die Reinigung durch Umkristallisieren aus Essigester. In den Beispielen 8 und 9 wurde der Rückstand nach Abtrennung des Alkohols bei 80-100°C heiß filtriert (Abtrennung von NaBr); die Urethane kristallisierten dann bei 20-30°C in spektroskopisch (¹H-NMR) reiner Form aus dem Filtrat aus. Die Carbamidsäureester wurden bei einem Umsatz von 100 % in Ausbeuten von 57 bis 88 %, bezogen auf den Ausgangsstoff (II), erhalten.
-
Claims (4)
R¹NHCOOR² (I),
in der R¹ Wasserstoff oder eine Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- oder Alkarylrest bedeutet und R² für einen niedermolekularen Alkylrest steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Formamide der allgemeinen Formel (II)
R¹NHCHO (II)
in Gegenwart von Alkoholen der Formel R²OH und in Anwesenheit eines ionogenen Halogenids elektrochemisch oxidiert.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853529531 DE3529531A1 (de) | 1985-08-17 | 1985-08-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von carbamidsaeureestern |
DE3529531 | 1985-08-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0212512A1 true EP0212512A1 (de) | 1987-03-04 |
EP0212512B1 EP0212512B1 (de) | 1988-11-17 |
Family
ID=6278769
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86111022A Expired EP0212512B1 (de) | 1985-08-17 | 1986-08-09 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbamidsäureestern |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4661217A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0212512B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH076075B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1013887B (de) |
AU (1) | AU587849B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1275066A (de) |
DE (2) | DE3529531A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK388786A (de) |
FI (1) | FI86715C (de) |
HU (1) | HU199109B (de) |
IL (1) | IL79645A (de) |
NO (1) | NO163965C (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA866150B (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0308744A1 (de) * | 1987-09-12 | 1989-03-29 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Imidazolidinonen und Oxazolidinonen |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3606478A1 (de) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-03 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von biscarbamaten und neue biscarbamate |
US5214169A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1993-05-25 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | N-(2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) carbamate derivatives |
JP3168031B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-16 | 2001-05-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 耐熱性ヘラパタイト及びその製造方法 |
CN107964668B (zh) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 化合物中C(sp3)-H键转化为C(sp3)-O键方法及制备得到的化合物 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE676746A (de) * | 1965-02-19 | 1966-08-18 | ||
FR2298614A1 (fr) * | 1975-01-25 | 1976-08-20 | Hoechst Ag | Procede de preparation de n-(a-alcoxyethyl)-carboxamides |
EP0067463A1 (de) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-22 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanaten und/oder deren Derivaten |
Family Cites Families (11)
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US3459643A (en) * | 1967-02-03 | 1969-08-05 | Sprague Electric Co | Alkoxylation of n-methyl-n-hydrocarbylamides |
US3464960A (en) * | 1967-12-15 | 1969-09-02 | Us Army | Mixture for rapid polymerization |
DE2336976A1 (de) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-02-13 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von n-(alphaalkoxyaethyl)-carbonsaeureamiden |
US4138408A (en) * | 1975-12-20 | 1979-02-06 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | ω-Alkoxy derivatives of lactams and process for their manufacture |
DE2655741A1 (de) * | 1976-12-09 | 1978-06-15 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von carbamidsaeureestern hoehersiedender alkohole |
DE2919756A1 (de) * | 1979-05-16 | 1980-11-27 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von n- alpha -alkoxyethyl-carbonsaeureamiden |
DE3233309A1 (de) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-08 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von n-substituierten carbamaten |
DE3380065D1 (en) * | 1982-10-19 | 1989-07-20 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | Novel polymer composition |
US4457813A (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1984-07-03 | Monsanto Company | Electrolysis cells and electrolytic processes |
DE3435388A1 (de) * | 1984-09-27 | 1986-04-03 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von aromatischen carbonsaeureestern |
US4588482A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1986-05-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of phthalaldehyde acetals |
-
1985
- 1985-08-17 DE DE19853529531 patent/DE3529531A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-08-06 IL IL79645A patent/IL79645A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-08-08 FI FI863246A patent/FI86715C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-08-08 CA CA000515607A patent/CA1275066A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-09 EP EP86111022A patent/EP0212512B1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-08-09 DE DE8686111022T patent/DE3661202D1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-08-11 US US06/895,173 patent/US4661217A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-13 CN CN86105208A patent/CN1013887B/zh not_active Expired
- 1986-08-13 JP JP61188798A patent/JPH076075B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-15 ZA ZA866150A patent/ZA866150B/xx unknown
- 1986-08-15 NO NO863297A patent/NO163965C/no unknown
- 1986-08-15 AU AU61507/86A patent/AU587849B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-08-15 HU HU863599A patent/HU199109B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-08-15 DK DK388786A patent/DK388786A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE676746A (de) * | 1965-02-19 | 1966-08-18 | ||
FR2298614A1 (fr) * | 1975-01-25 | 1976-08-20 | Hoechst Ag | Procede de preparation de n-(a-alcoxyethyl)-carboxamides |
EP0067463A1 (de) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-22 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanaten und/oder deren Derivaten |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0308744A1 (de) * | 1987-09-12 | 1989-03-29 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Imidazolidinonen und Oxazolidinonen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL79645A0 (en) | 1986-11-30 |
FI86715C (fi) | 1992-10-12 |
IL79645A (en) | 1990-07-12 |
JPH076075B2 (ja) | 1995-01-25 |
DK388786D0 (da) | 1986-08-15 |
ZA866150B (en) | 1987-04-29 |
FI863246A (fi) | 1987-02-18 |
NO863297L (no) | 1987-02-18 |
CN86105208A (zh) | 1987-02-18 |
NO163965B (no) | 1990-05-07 |
HUT43032A (en) | 1987-09-28 |
JPS6240389A (ja) | 1987-02-21 |
DE3661202D1 (en) | 1988-12-22 |
HU199109B (en) | 1990-01-29 |
US4661217A (en) | 1987-04-28 |
NO863297D0 (no) | 1986-08-15 |
EP0212512B1 (de) | 1988-11-17 |
AU587849B2 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
FI863246A0 (fi) | 1986-08-08 |
NO163965C (no) | 1990-08-15 |
DE3529531A1 (de) | 1987-02-26 |
FI86715B (fi) | 1992-06-30 |
DK388786A (da) | 1987-02-18 |
CN1013887B (zh) | 1991-09-11 |
AU6150786A (en) | 1987-02-19 |
CA1275066A (en) | 1990-10-09 |
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