EP0209220B1 - Zuleitung für eine an beiden Enden gespeiste Resonanzschlitzatennenanordnung - Google Patents

Zuleitung für eine an beiden Enden gespeiste Resonanzschlitzatennenanordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0209220B1
EP0209220B1 EP86303580A EP86303580A EP0209220B1 EP 0209220 B1 EP0209220 B1 EP 0209220B1 EP 86303580 A EP86303580 A EP 86303580A EP 86303580 A EP86303580 A EP 86303580A EP 0209220 B1 EP0209220 B1 EP 0209220B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
slots
slotted
plane
slot
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP86303580A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0209220A1 (de
Inventor
Hung Y. Yee
Phillip N. Richardson
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Raytheon Co
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Texas Instruments Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to slotted array antennas and more paricularly to a dual end resonant slot array feed for a resonant slotted waveguide planar array antenna.
  • slotted array antennae have been fed by single end feed mechanisms.
  • a waveguide section is fed at one end, a waveguide short at the opposite end sets up a standing wave in the waveguide.
  • Shunt or series slot elements are located at appropriate points on the standing wave pattern (voltage or current peaks, respectively) to cause radiation with the correct amplitude and phase.
  • the standing wave pattern in the waveguide varies relative to the location of the slots, causing errors in the slot amplitudes and phases.
  • the magnitude of these errors increases in a direct relationship to the deviation of frequency from the design center frequency.
  • the magnitude of the errors also increases with the length of the waveguide, and hence the number of slots.
  • the usable bandwidth of a single end feed is on the order of ⁇ 1 percent.
  • E-plane and H-plane tee feeds have been used.
  • the E-plane tee feed is in essence, two single end feeds joined at their respective feed points by an E-plane waveguide tee; improvement is caused by reducing the length (and number of slots) associated with each of the two single end feeds.
  • the problem with the E-plane feed is that in order to maintain equal slot spacing one slot must lie directly under the E-plane tee. Owing to mutual coupling to the E-plane tee, this slot suffers a variation in phase and amplitude over the frequency band which differs significantly from the other slots in the array. This significantly different set of phase/amplitude errors for the slot under the E-plane feed largely offsets any bandwidth advantages that otherwise would have been obtained by using the E-plane tee.
  • the feed point for the slot waveguide can be located half way between two slots instead of directly over the slots. Nevertheless, because the H-plane feed must be about one-half wavelength wide (to avoid waveguide cutoff effects), the feed couples to the two slots, to yield essentially the same bandwidth limitations as the E-plane feed.
  • the bandwidth typically has been limited to less than 2.5% using one of the above methods owing to the need to keep the manifold complexity within reasonable bounds.
  • Both the amplitude and phase of the aperture illumination begin to be significantly degraded at + 1 % of the center frequency.
  • the single end feed for a resonant waveguide array is described in a number of texts on antennas. For more detailed information pertaining to single end feeds reference may be made to Johnson and Jasik's "Ana Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, 1984 & 1961, Chapter 9.
  • phased array slot antennas for simultaneous lobing having at least one line of slots along a waveguide driven by sum and difference signals at different places along the guide.
  • Metallic interfaces are provided separating slots along the same waveguide driven at two places to form separate array elements.
  • a slotted waveguide antenna for transmitting or receiving rf energy
  • a straight rectangular unobstructed waveguide having slots in one face thereof and connected at both ends to respective rectangular waveguide feeders disposed at right angles to the slotted waveguide, so that rf energy can be applied to or derived from both ends of the slotted waveguide, characterised in that in use, equal amounts of rf energy appear simultaneously and co-phasally at the ends of the slotted waveguide, said slots are spaced one half of the wavelength in the waveguide apart so that said slotted waveguide is resonant, a rectangular waveguide section equal in length to the slotted waveguide is disposed parallel to the slotted waveguide on a second face remote from the slotted face, the waveguide section is joined at its ends respectively to the waveguide feeders to form a loop of an integral number of wavelengths of rf energy of the operating frequency in the waveguide antenna and an input/output waveguide is coupled by a tee junction to the middle of the waveguide section.
  • a planar slotted array antenna 10 comprises a polarizer 12, a longitudinal shunt slotted plate 14, a rotational series slotted plate 16, and manifold 18.
  • the series waveguide excites a row of series slots 17 which couple RF power into the shunt waveguides. (The series waveguides are not visable in this Figure, as they are located on the back side of 16.)
  • the shunt waveguide excites the shunt slots, which are the radiating elements. All of the slots are spaced one half waveguide wavelength ( ⁇ g /2) from the adjacent slots fed by the same guide.
  • FIG. 2a One form of a prior-art waveguide feed system for the series slots is shwon in Figure 2a.
  • Each of the series slot waveguides 24 is fed at one end by a feed manifold 18.
  • a waveguide short-circuiting wall 23 at the opposite end of the waveguide sets up the standing wave needed for proper excitation of the series slots.
  • variable phase shifters 22 may be added to electronically scan the antenna's radiation pattern.
  • the series slots are fed as shown in Figure 2b.
  • an E-plane waveguide tee 100 divides RF energy between two series slot waveguides 102 and 104, through E-plane tees 114 and 116.
  • Waveguide shorts 106 at the outer ends of waveguides 102 and 104 set up the appropriate standing waves so that the series slots 108, 110, 112 etc., couple energy to the front face of the antenna.
  • the waveguide short 106 must be one-half wavelength from the end slot in the waveguide, as shown.
  • ⁇ g /2 waveguide shorts are needed at the opposite ends of both waveguides 102 and 104, but only one-quarter wavelength on space is available for each of these shorts (since a constant series slot spacing of ⁇ g /2 is imposed by the array grid).
  • ⁇ g is the wavelength in the waveguide at the operating frequency. Therefore, prior art antennas have employed a folded waveguide short 118 in which a 180 degrees E-plane bend is used to gain the needed spacing ⁇ g /2 between the shorting wall and the last slot. Such folded shorts are only an approximation to a true waveguide short circuit; folded short circuits limit the array frequency bandwidth, and introduce numerous fabrication and assembly problems for the antenna.
  • Slots 110 and 112 being located directly under the E-plane tees 114 and 116, respectively, exhibit direct coupling effects to the tee, which results in phase and amplitude errors for these slots. These slots thus become another bandwidth limiting element in the antenna.
  • the dual end series slot feed 26 includes a tee junction which may be either an E-plane tee junction 28 (Fig. 3a) or an H-plane tee junction 30 (Fig. 3b), two waveguide sections 32 and 34, and two E-plane waveguide bends 36 and 38.
  • the two waveguide section 32 and 34 and the E-plane bends are formed by a septum 40.
  • the septum 40 is placed across waveguide 42 to separate all (n) slots 44 from the tee junction.
  • the two E-plane waveguide bends 36 and 38 are formed by the space between ends 46 and 48 of the septum 40 and the ends of the waveguide 42 which space interconnects the two waveguide sections 32 and 34.
  • the thickness of the septum 40 is much less than the wavelength in order to minimize the antenna thickness.
  • the total length of the waveguide loop is approximately equal to n ⁇ g , where n is equal to the number of slots.
  • the series resistances of the slots 44 are selected to present an impedance that is matched to the imput waveguide 50.
  • the improved performance of the dual end feed is demonstrated by theoretical analysis of a waveguide with 8 series slots using ideal H-plane tee junction and E-plane waveguide bends.
  • the slots are identical and their normalized resistances are equal to 0.25.
  • the radiation current distribution compared to the ideal current is shown in Figures 5a and 5b, and are computed for ⁇ 1.8% off the center frequency.
  • the set of symmetrical curves are computed for the tee junction at the center while the unsymmetrical results are computed for the tee junction at a half guide wavelength off from the center. It is to be noted that the radiation current amplitude and phase variations are only 0.16 dB and 9.5 degrees, respectively, for the symmetrical feed over a 3.6% bandwidth. These variations in radiation current distribution increase to 0.44 dB and 13 degrees when the tee junction is offset by ⁇ g /2.
  • a dual end series slot feed was fabricated using the E-plane waveguide bend of Figure 4a and the H-plane tee junction of Figure 4b.
  • a 16.5 GHz center frequency waveguide section with 5 unequal slots was employed.
  • the thickness (t) of the septum 40 was 0.032", and the space "W” was 0.177".
  • the input 50 was 0.496" wide, with a tuning stub 52 which is 0.025" high and having a 0.138" diameter positioned 0.637" from the end of waveguide section 32.
  • Waveguide section 32 has a width of 0.496" and a T shaped matching vane 54 centered with respect to the input 50.
  • the T has a length of 0.222" and a thickness of 0.030". Tests showed that the VSWR of the E-plane waveguide bends is less that 1.10 over a 6% bandwidth, and the input VSWR of the H-plane tee junction is less than 1.18 over the same bandwidth.
  • the measured output voltage amplitude and phase from the slots are shown in Figures 6a and 6b.
  • the slot output voltages are measured from a set of identical waveguides in which the RF power is coupled through the series slots.
  • Two dual end slot array feeds 42 (Fig. 7) having different number of slots 44 in their arrays of slots n1 and n2 (where n1 > n2) can have their tee junctions 50 connected to waveguide sections 56 and 58.
  • Waveguide sections 56 and 58 are connected to a power divider 60 of manifold 18.
  • a waveguide length equal to (n1-n2) ⁇ g /2 is required to be connected to the tee junction input of the array with n2 slots.
  • this antenna will operate reciprocally, having the same characteristics whether transmitting or receiving, despite the fact that the antenna has been described above primarily as a transmitting antenna.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Hohlleiter-Schlitzantenne zum Senden oder Empfangen von HF-Energie mit einem geraden hindernisfreien Rechteckhohlleiter (34), der in einer Fläche Schlitze (44) hat und an beiden Enden jeweils mit einem Speisehohlleiter (36, 38) verbunden ist, der im rechten Winkel zu dem mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiter angeordnet ist, so daß HF-Energie an beiden Enden des mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiters zugeführt oder abgeführt werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Betrieb gleiche Mengen von HF-Energie gleichzeitig und gleichphasig an den Enden des mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiters (34) erscheinen, daß die Schlitze in Abständen von der Hälfte der Wellenlänge im Hohlleiter liegen, so daß der mit den Schlitzen versehene Hohlleiter in Resonanz ist, daß ein Rechteckhohlleiterabschnitt (32), der die gleiche Länge wie der mit den Schlitzen versehene Hohlleiter (34) hat, parallel zu dem mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiter an einer zweiten Fläche angeordnet ist, die von der mit den Schlitzen versehenen ersten Fläche entfernt liegt, daß der Hohlleiterabschnitt (32) an seinen Enden jeweils mit den Speisehohlleitern (36, 38) verbunden ist, so daß eine Schleife von einer ganzzahligen Anzahl von Wellenlängen der HF-Energie bei der Betriebsfrequenz in der Hohlleiterantenne gebildet wird, und daß ein Eingangs/Ausgangs-Hohlleiter (50) durch eine T-Verzweigung (28, 30) mit der Mitte der Hohlleiterabschnitts (32) gekoppelt ist.
  2. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 1, bei welcher die T-Verzweigung eine T-Verzweigung (28) in der E-Ebene ist, die mit der Mitte einer ersten Seite des Hohlleiterabschnitts (32) gekoppelt ist.
  3. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 1, bei welcher die T-Verzweigung eine T-Verzweigung (30) in der H-Ebene ist, die mit der Mitte einer Seitenwand des Hohlleiterabschnitts (32) gekoppelt ist.
  4. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 2 oder 3, bei welcher die Speisehohlleiter (36, 38) Winkelstücke in der E-Ebene bilden, die die Enden des Hohlleiterabschnitts (32) mit dem mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiter (34) verbinden.
  5. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 2, bei welcher die T-Verzweigung (28) in der E-Ebene eine Versetzung von nicht mehr als etwa ±0.01 λg gegen einen Schlitz des mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiters (34) hat.
  6. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 3, bei welcher die T-Verzweigung (30) in der H-Ebene eine Versetzung von nicht mehr als etwa ±0.01 λg gegen eine vertikale Ebene zwischen zwei Schlitzen des mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiters (34) hat.
  7. Antenne gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher die Schlitze (44) des mit den Schlitzen versehenen Hohlleiters (34) Serienschlitze sind und die Summe der normalisierten Resonanz-Schlitzwiderstände der Schlitze etwa 2 beträgt.
EP86303580A 1985-05-20 1986-05-12 Zuleitung für eine an beiden Enden gespeiste Resonanzschlitzatennenanordnung Expired - Lifetime EP0209220B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US73600985A 1985-05-20 1985-05-20
US736009 1985-05-20

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EP0209220A1 EP0209220A1 (de) 1987-01-21
EP0209220B1 true EP0209220B1 (de) 1993-09-15

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EP86303580A Expired - Lifetime EP0209220B1 (de) 1985-05-20 1986-05-12 Zuleitung für eine an beiden Enden gespeiste Resonanzschlitzatennenanordnung

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JP (1) JP2612849B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3689015T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2238914B (en) * 1989-11-27 1994-05-04 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Waveguide feeding array antenna
US5513176A (en) * 1990-12-07 1996-04-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual distributed antenna system
US6075494A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-06-13 Raytheon Company Compact, ultra-wideband, antenna feed architecture comprising a multistage, multilevel network of constant reflection-coefficient components
US6028562A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-02-22 Ems Technologies, Inc. Dual polarized slotted array antenna
WO1999056346A1 (fr) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Antenne a fentes
DE10150086B4 (de) * 2001-10-14 2013-12-12 Uhland Goebel Gruppenantenne mit einer regelmäßigen Anordnung von Durchbrüchen
JP4709601B2 (ja) * 2005-07-19 2011-06-22 日本無線株式会社 導波管スロットアレイアンテナ
JP4689493B2 (ja) * 2006-02-22 2011-05-25 三菱電機株式会社 アレーアンテナ
JP4937273B2 (ja) * 2006-12-01 2012-05-23 三菱電機株式会社 同軸線路スロットアレーアンテナとその製造方法
WO2008068825A1 (ja) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 同軸線路スロットアレーアンテナとその製造方法
JP4888143B2 (ja) * 2007-02-05 2012-02-29 三菱電機株式会社 Ｔ分岐導波管およびアレーアンテナ
JP5424954B2 (ja) * 2010-03-29 2014-02-26 三菱電機株式会社 導波管スロットアレーアンテナ
CN106356642B (zh) * 2016-10-27 2023-06-13 成都雷电微力科技股份有限公司 一种金属空心波导串联馈电的介质波导裂缝阵天线
CN112072256A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-12-11 河北东森电子科技有限公司 一种基于波导耦合缝隙的功率合成网络

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB813934A (en) * 1956-09-26 1959-05-27 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvements in or relating to aerial systems

Family Cites Families (7)

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US2628311A (en) * 1948-11-04 1953-02-10 Rca Corp Multiple slot antenna
US2981948A (en) * 1956-05-29 1961-04-25 Hughes Aircraft Co Simultaneous lobing array antenna system
GB967474A (en) * 1962-03-19 1964-08-19 Marconi Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to doppler navigation aiding equipments
GB1200870A (en) * 1969-06-06 1970-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in electrical waveguide arrangements
US4121220A (en) * 1975-01-31 1978-10-17 Electronique Marcel Dassault Flat radar antenna employing circular array of slotted waveguides
JPS5194743A (de) * 1975-02-17 1976-08-19
JPS5932205A (ja) * 1982-08-14 1984-02-21 Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> ラジアル導波線路

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB813934A (en) * 1956-09-26 1959-05-27 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvements in or relating to aerial systems

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JPS6230409A (ja) 1987-02-09
JP2612849B2 (ja) 1997-05-21
DE3689015T2 (de) 1994-02-17
EP0209220A1 (de) 1987-01-21
DE3689015D1 (de) 1993-10-21

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