EP0194827A2 - Superplastische Verformung - Google Patents

Superplastische Verformung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0194827A2
EP0194827A2 EP86301667A EP86301667A EP0194827A2 EP 0194827 A2 EP0194827 A2 EP 0194827A2 EP 86301667 A EP86301667 A EP 86301667A EP 86301667 A EP86301667 A EP 86301667A EP 0194827 A2 EP0194827 A2 EP 0194827A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
preform
pressure
superplastically
superplastic
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86301667A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0194827A3 (en
EP0194827B1 (de
Inventor
Robert Anthony British Aerospace P.L.C. Harding
Stanley Arthur British Aerospace P.L.C. Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems PLC
Original Assignee
British Aerospace PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Aerospace PLC filed Critical British Aerospace PLC
Publication of EP0194827A2 publication Critical patent/EP0194827A2/de
Publication of EP0194827A3 publication Critical patent/EP0194827A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0194827B1 publication Critical patent/EP0194827B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
    • B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of hollow articles such as fluid containers and pressure vessels, by the superplastic expansion of a preform made of superplastically deformable metal.
  • a method of making a hollow article for example a fluid container or pressure vessel which method includes making a pre-form by machining a hallow space within a solid piece of superglastically deformable metal and then superplastically expanding the pre-form to the required shape of said article by applying pressure within said hallow space while maintaining the pre-form at a temperature permitting superplastic deformation of said metal.
  • a method of producing a container for fluid including the steps of:-
  • said preform conprises a length of rod having a bore machined therein.
  • said method further includes the steps of attaching a hollow plug to the mouth of said blind passage by welding, and the step of introducing pressurised fluid into said passage via said plug, thereby to expand said preform.
  • said mould tool is of similar axial extent to said preform.
  • the invention also extends to a pressure vessel whenever manufactured in accordance with the above method.
  • the preform conprises a main body portion 1 which is formed by cutting a length of rod and drilling or machining it to form a blind bore.
  • the rod is hot-rolled, centreless ground pickled and produced by normal metallurgical methods from the alloy Ti 6Al 4V.
  • An end plug 2 is turned from the same rod material as the main body portion 1 and a spout 3 is formed of the same material.
  • the main body portion 1, end plug 2 and spout 3 are thoroughly degreased and then electron beam welded together to form in combination a preform 4.
  • the preform is cleaned and degreased and then placed in a mould tool conprising mould tool portions 5, 51.
  • the mould is formed of mild steel and prior to insertion of the preform the interior of the mould is degreased, spray coated with Yttria release agent in a solvent base, and then baked in an oven to drive off the solvent.
  • the assembled mould tool with the preform inside is placed in a stainless steel muffle box 6 which is subsequently sealed by welding, but having inlets for shielding gas and for forming gas.
  • the muffle box and its contents are then placed in a cold press. Low pressure gas is allowed to flood the muffle box via inlet 7 and the cold press is then heated electrically to a temperature of 930°Ct5°C and allowed to stabilize.
  • the superplastic forming temperature typically between 900°C and 950°C
  • argon gas at pressure is admitted to the preform via spout 3.
  • the pressure is controlled to increase gradually over a period from atmospheric to the forming pressure (typically 200-400 psi) whereupon this pressure is maintained for a period to suit the superplastic forming strain rate, and then released (the whole process taking approximately three hours).
  • the mould is then allowed to cool to a temperature sufficiently low to allow handling and the muffle box and its contents are removed from the press and disassembled to allow removal of the formed component.
  • Ti 6A1 4V is the material employed; however, it is believed that the above described method has applications with other superplastic material.
  • the preform In design of an appropriate preform, it is the ratio of wall thickness to internal diameter that is the critical factor in determining the forming pressure cycle.
  • the preform may be shaped internally and externally by conventional machining methods, to form, for example, external lugs or internal ribs.
  • the mould tool comprises two portions of mild steel. It can however be formed of stainless steel and indeed this is preferred for it obviates the need for a muffle box.
  • the rod from which the body portion l, plug 2 and spout 3 of the preform 4 are made can be produced by hot rolling as mentioned earlier or alternatively could be made by a forging process.
  • the body portion 1 could be produced by extrusion as an open-ended hollow cylinder which is then fitted with plug 2 and spout 3 at one end while a solid blanking plug (not shown) is welded in place at its other end.
  • the length of rod and/or the details of the process is or are selected so that the metallurgical grain dimensions of the wall of the preform are not too elongated in any one direction, ie axially or circumferentially.
  • the article to be produced is to have one or more fairly sharp corners, such as the peripheral corners where the cylindrical part of the completed pressure vessel shown in figure 3 meets the domed end faces of the vessel, it may be preferred to so control the application of the pressure within the preform that the major part of the expansion of the preform occurs by a superplastic deformation process while the remainder, ie the final expansion of the preform into the sharp comers of the mould, occurs by a creep deformation process.
  • the pressure applied within the preform can be controlled to maintain a strain rate within the preform material in or around the range 10 to 10 -4 , this giving the superplastic deformation stage of the process, and then the pressure is maintained constant, or very gradually increasing, at a value producing a strain rate of around 10 for quite a large proportion (around one third say) of the overall deformation process time to produce the final creep deformation stage.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the manufacture of another hollow article, nameley a two-compartment pressure vessel for use in the manufacture of cold dry air.
  • the preform comprises two cylindrical pieces of rod 41 and 42 each of which has been drilled from one end to form a blind hole therein. A radial hole is also drilled in each piece and the two are joined by a length of titanium alloy tube 43 fixed by welding into the respective radial holes.
  • the open end of the hole in the piece 41 is closed by welding a solid titanium alloy plug 44 therein while the open end of the hole in piece 42 is fitted with a plug 2 and spout 3 of figure 1.
  • Both pieces 41 and 42 are then superplastically expanded by the application of pressure to spout 46 so that they take up the shape of the mould 47. After expansion, plug and spout 45 and 46 are replaced by a solid plug or possibly the spout 46 is sinply sealed off and exit and entry holes (not shown) for the air to be processed are drilled in the originally closed ends of the pieces 41 and 42.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP19860301667 1985-03-09 1986-03-10 Superplastische Verformung Expired EP0194827B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8506157 1985-03-09
GB858506157A GB8506157D0 (en) 1985-03-09 1985-03-09 Superplastic forming

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0194827A2 true EP0194827A2 (de) 1986-09-17
EP0194827A3 EP0194827A3 (en) 1987-08-19
EP0194827B1 EP0194827B1 (de) 1989-05-24

Family

ID=10575741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860301667 Expired EP0194827B1 (de) 1985-03-09 1986-03-10 Superplastische Verformung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0194827B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0790295B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3663458D1 (de)
DK (1) DK160000C (de)
ES (1) ES8702187A1 (de)
GB (2) GB8506157D0 (de)
NO (1) NO163598C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2591131A1 (fr) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-12 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Procede de fabrication de reservoirs par deformation a l'etat superplastique.
FR2772459A1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 1999-06-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'une enveloppe etanche et d'un reservoir etanche de stockage, et reservoir etanche de stockage
US8991683B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2015-03-31 The Boeing Company Mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5407494A (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-04-18 Crs Holdings, Inc. Method of fabricating a welded metallic duct assembly
GB2334472B (en) * 1998-02-18 1999-12-29 Nippon Oxygen Co Ltd Metal vessel and fabrication method for the same
CN103769482B (zh) * 2013-10-22 2016-08-24 北京航星机器制造有限公司 一种钛合金进气道零件的整体成形方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1378421A (en) * 1972-01-18 1974-12-27 British Aircraft Corp Ltd Forming articles from superplastic alloys
FR2245428A1 (de) * 1973-10-02 1975-04-25 Alter Licensing Ets
GB2030480A (en) * 1978-09-29 1980-04-10 British Aerospace Method of making a stiffened panel

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB276247A (en) * 1927-02-24 1927-08-25 Ernst Asberger Improved metal blowing process
GB888461A (en) * 1956-11-14 1962-01-31 Thompson J Wolverhampton Ltd Improvements relating to a method of and means for forming an inflated hollow body from sheet or plate metal
JPS52130465A (en) * 1976-04-26 1977-11-01 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Bulge processing method
FR2453693A1 (fr) * 1979-04-13 1980-11-07 Aerospatiale Procede pour le formage d'une matiere superplastique
JPS5744431A (en) * 1980-08-30 1982-03-12 Nippon Koki Kk Formation of hot bulge and pattern or the like for pipe to be worked using metallic bead as medium

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1378421A (en) * 1972-01-18 1974-12-27 British Aircraft Corp Ltd Forming articles from superplastic alloys
FR2245428A1 (de) * 1973-10-02 1975-04-25 Alter Licensing Ets
GB2030480A (en) * 1978-09-29 1980-04-10 British Aerospace Method of making a stiffened panel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2591131A1 (fr) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-12 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Procede de fabrication de reservoirs par deformation a l'etat superplastique.
FR2772459A1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 1999-06-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'une enveloppe etanche et d'un reservoir etanche de stockage, et reservoir etanche de stockage
US8991683B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2015-03-31 The Boeing Company Mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2175235B (en) 1988-12-21
DK160000B (da) 1991-01-14
ES552806A0 (es) 1987-01-01
EP0194827A3 (en) 1987-08-19
JPH0790295B2 (ja) 1995-10-04
DE3663458D1 (en) 1989-06-29
GB8506157D0 (en) 1985-04-11
DK104286D0 (da) 1986-03-07
DK160000C (da) 1991-06-17
GB2175235A (en) 1986-11-26
JPS61253130A (ja) 1986-11-11
GB8605888D0 (en) 1986-04-16
EP0194827B1 (de) 1989-05-24
DK104286A (da) 1986-09-10
ES8702187A1 (es) 1987-01-01
NO163598B (no) 1990-03-19
NO860872L (no) 1986-09-10
NO163598C (no) 1990-06-27

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