EP0190976B1 - Schliesseinrichtung für Fahrzeugtüren - Google Patents

Schliesseinrichtung für Fahrzeugtüren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190976B1
EP0190976B1 EP19860400233 EP86400233A EP0190976B1 EP 0190976 B1 EP0190976 B1 EP 0190976B1 EP 19860400233 EP19860400233 EP 19860400233 EP 86400233 A EP86400233 A EP 86400233A EP 0190976 B1 EP0190976 B1 EP 0190976B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
cam
door
pawl
fork member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860400233
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0190976A1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Pebre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell-CIM
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Rockwell-CIM
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwell-CIM filed Critical Rockwell-CIM
Publication of EP0190976A1 publication Critical patent/EP0190976A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0190976B1 publication Critical patent/EP0190976B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/12—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators
    • E05B81/20—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/12—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators
    • E05B81/20—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening
    • E05B81/21—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening with means preventing or detecting pinching of objects or body parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10S292/23—Vehicle door latches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08—Bolts
    • Y10T292/1043—Swinging
    • Y10T292/1044—Multiple head
    • Y10T292/1045—Operating means
    • Y10T292/1047—Closure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08—Bolts
    • Y10T292/1043—Swinging
    • Y10T292/1075—Operating means
    • Y10T292/1082—Motor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mechanism for assisting in the closing of a door of a motor vehicle, adapted to be placed in this door.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose such a mechanism, the structure of which is not too complicated, of a relatively moderate cost and which, moreover, presents the security necessary in the event that a foreign body is introduced between the door and the frame, prevents complete closing of the door.
  • this mechanism comes into action from the moment when the fork, which includes an appropriate hook, engages against the fixed keeper of the middle leg, which triggers the locking of this fork and thereby the setting the cam drive motor, the rotation of which causes the lever to tilt.
  • the latter being engaged with the fixed strike by the fork, therefore causes the rotation of the door which ends its closing movement, until it has tilted by a predetermined angle corresponding to the complete closing of the door with overtravel to be sure that the lock is correctly locked.
  • the means for locking the fork on the keeper is a pawl articulated on an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the fork and close to it, this pawl is equipped with a spring which requests it in one or other of two stable positions, in one of which the fork is unlocked relative to the pawl.
  • the first of these two stable positions is occupied by the pawl when the door is open, while the second is taken by the pawl at the end of the door closing movement.
  • the keeper When the door is to be opened, the keeper remains engaged in the fork while the latter and its support lever tilt until it comes into contact again with the cam. At this time, the fork pivots under the action of its elastic return member, and releases the keeper so that the door can be opened normally.
  • FIG. 1 a front door 1 of a motor vehicle in the open position, and a middle leg 2 of the vehicle body, corresponding to this door.
  • the foot 2 is equipped with a fixed keeper 3, which projects towards the front of the vehicle so as to be able to be inserted into a corresponding slot 4 formed at the top of a mechanism 5 for assisting in the closing of the door 1, housed in the edge thereof situated opposite the keeper 3 when the door 1 is closed.
  • the middle foot 2 contains, below the keeper 3, a stop 6 elastically urged by a spring 7 in a position where its head projects forward relative to the foot 2, this head being suitably rounded so as to delimit a curvilinear surface which allows, by a lateral thrust exerted on this projecting head, to retract it inside the foot 2 against the return force of the spring 7.
  • a stop 6 elastically urged by a spring 7 in a position where its head projects forward relative to the foot 2, this head being suitably rounded so as to delimit a curvilinear surface which allows, by a lateral thrust exerted on this projecting head, to retract it inside the foot 2 against the return force of the spring 7.
  • the fork 11 delimits a hook with two branches 11 a, 11 b separated by an opening 19 which can receive the keeper 3.
  • the branch 11 b is provided with a transverse tab 11 c adapted to slide on a guide ramp 21 formed on the upper edge of one 22 of two vertical flanges 22, 23, palallel between them and between which are arranged the lever 8, the cam 17, the fork 11 and the pawl 14.
  • the two flanges 22, 23 support the axes of rotation 9 of the lever 8 and 18 of the cam 17.
  • the axes 12 and 15 are supported, at their ends, by two parallel plates 8a, 8b pivotally mounted around the axis 9 and connected by transverse pieces, only one of which 24 is visible in the drawings.
  • the curve of the guide train 21 has a convex curvilinear contour, and is determined so as to allow the release of the keeper 3 in the event of a breakdown during operation, whatever the lever position 8 while limiting the tilting of the fork 11 to eliminate the risk of interference with the cam 17.
  • This curve is substantially an arc, the center of which is outside the mechanism.
  • the lever 8 is equipped with a rolling roller 25 carried by a pin 26 disposed between axes 9 and 15, and supported at its ends by the plates 8a, 8b.
  • An elastic member constituted by a helical spring 27 coaxial with the axis 9, and one end 27a of which is anchored in the bottom 28 connecting the flanges 22, 23 while its other end 27b is anchored in the plate 8a, constantly requests the lever 8 rotating in the direction which keeps its roller 25 in abutment against the profile of the cam 17 (position shown in solid lines in Figure 2).
  • the profile of the cam 17, produced in such a way that it provides work by constant degree, comprises four consecutive portions extending as follows in the direction opposite to its direction of rotation R (FIG. 2): a first portion AB, extending over 90 °, the radius of which increases regularly from A to B, a second portion BC, which extends over an angular sector of between 90 ° and 245 ° approximately, the radius of curvature of which increases only slightly from B at C, a portion CD between 245 ° and 320 °, and a terminal area DA from 320 ° to 360 °.
  • Point C corresponds to the normal closing position of the door, while point D corresponds to an additional stroke or "overtravel" beyond the closing point C.
  • the first three angular sectors are working zones: fast forward, low effort (AB), gradual increase in effort (BC), maximum effort (CD), the fourth sector DA forming the fall.
  • the cam 17 is pierced with a housing 29 adapted to receive the head of the retractable stop 6 when the cam 17 is in the angular position where its housing 29 is located opposite the stop 6.
  • the projecting part of the latter is rounded as already indicated, to allow either its withdrawal inside the center leg 2 when the cam comes to be placed in front of the foot 2, or its insertion in the housing 29 when the cam 17 is in the appropriate angular position relative to at stop 6.
  • the fork 11 is provided with a notch 20 for locking by a spout 14a corresponding to the pawl 14.
  • the return spring 13 of the fork 11 is anchored by one of its ends in the upper part of the plate 8a, and by its other end in the fork 11, as can be clearly seen in Figure 5.
  • the return spring 16 of the pawl 14 is anchored by one of its ends in the latter, and by its other end in the plate 8b.
  • the mechanism is also equipped, according to a feature of the invention, with a stop 31 fixed, in this example, to the flange 22, formed of an elastic tongue provided with an end tab 32 which projects internally between the flanges 22 and 23 ( Figures 2 and 3) at their upper parts and substantially facing the location of the pawl 14 at the end of closing of the door 1.
  • the terminal tab 32 is adapted to be elastically erased under the push of a tongue transverse 33 of the pawl 14 during the tilting of the latter during the closing stroke of the door 1 (position in phantom in Figure 3), then to form a non-return stop for the pawl 14 when the tongue 33 has exceeded said part projection 32. (Position 33a in Figure 3).
  • the mechanism 5 On the outside of door 1, the mechanism 5 is closed by a transverse wall 34, and on the inside of the door by a transverse wall 35, these two walls 34, 35 connecting the flanges 22, 23 to form, with the bottom 28, the housing is open at its upper end ( Figure 6).
  • the connection of the flange 22 with the housing is ensured by crimps S ⁇ , S 2 , S 3 ( Figure 8), three holes 30 being provided for attachment to the door 1.
  • the outer flange 23 is pierced with a light 20 by which we see the cam 17 and its housing 29 ( Figure 6), and the motor 10 for driving the cam 17 is fixed to the rear flange 22 by bolts and nuts 36 ( Figures 7 and 8).
  • the entire assistance mechanism 5 is dimensioned so as to be able to be housed in the door 1 by being flush with the outer edge thereof by the flange 23, the light 20 of the latter being open towards the interior of the vehicle so that the head of the retractable stop 6 can engage therein as well as in the housing 29.
  • the door 1 of the vehicle being supposed to be completely open, the user opens the door to close it (arrow F in Figure 1).
  • the mechanism 5 takes over the door 1 and completes the closure as follows.
  • This mechanism is, at the start of its operating cycle, in the position illustrated in solid lines in FIG. 2 and referenced 5.1: the roller 25 is kept applied against the profile of the cam 17 substantially at point A, by the spring return 27 of the lever 8, the cam 17 not being actuated by the geared motor 10; the fork 11 is in the release position of the strike 3, its hook 11 a being in the low position, while its branch 11 b comes into contact with the strike 3, the transverse tab 11 c being in abutment on the start of the ramp guide 21, the spring 13 holding the fork 11 in this position.
  • the pawl 14 has its spout 14a unlocked relative to the corresponding notch 20 of the fork 11, and is held in this first stable position by its return spring 16.
  • the keeper 3 is supported on the rear finger of the fork 11 constituted by its branch 11b, and causes it to tilt, as well as the whole of the fork 11, in its position referenced 11.2 in FIG. 4, while the lever 8 is retained in its initial angular position by its return spring 27. Therefore, the locking notch 20, arranged on the fork 11 on the other side of its axis 12 relative to the finger 11b, lowers, passes to below the spout 14a of the pawl 14, so that this spout is applied to the notch 20 and locks the fork in its position 11.2, that of the pawl 14 being referenced 14.2 ( Figure 4). The spring 16 maintains the pawl 14 in this locking position of the fork 11.2.
  • the cam 17 continues to rotate until it returns to its position illustrated in solid lines in FIG. 2, in which the housing 29 is placed opposite the stop 6, which is inserted therein automatically under the action of its spring. 7, the cam 17 then being locked in this angular position.
  • lever 8 therefore forces the pawl 14 to be tilted down around its axis 15, which releases the spout 14a from the notch 20 of the fork 11, as visible in FIG. 4.
  • the keeper 3 remains in the fork 11, and prevents the lever 8 from returning to its initial position under the action of its return spring 27.
  • the whole mechanism is then in its final position corresponding to the normal closing of the door 1, the geared motor 10 powered by a termi- porization, being stopped after a period of time sufficient to close the door.
  • the keeper 3 is moved by the pivoting of the door in the direction symbolized by the arrow G in Figure 4.
  • the fork 11 and the lever B accompany this angular movement of the keeper 3 towards the cam 17, until the roller 25 comes back into contact with the latter.
  • the fork 11 can then tilt around its axis 12 under the action of its spring 13 to return to its position shown in solid lines in Figure 2, in which the keeper 3 is released from the fork.
  • the pawl switches from its position 14.4 to its initial position 14, in which it is not locked by the fork 11.
  • the door 1 moves away from the keeper 3, and the mechanism 5 is ready for a new closure according to the cycle previously described.
  • FIG. 9 shows a diagram showing a numerical example of the forces developed (Newton on the ordinate) as a function of the length of the travel of the door (in mm on the abscissa), this diagram corresponding to the numerical values mentioned previously for the profile. of cam 17.
  • the three rectilinear segments AB, BC, CD shown in Figure 9 correspond to the maximum force values provided for the mechanism: this means that if the closing of the door encounters unexpected resistance, exceeding the value maximum provided according to successive sections AB ..., the closure stops automatically for safety.
  • a real curve A'B'C'D 'of a closing cycle has been shown, the line in dotted lines corresponding to the average forces developed from one end to the other of this real curve.
  • the profile of the cam 17 is determined so that it provides work by degree of rotation which is constant during the cycle, and therefore allows the use of a motor 10 of minimum power.
  • the cam 17 must reproduce the force-stroke diagram of FIG. 9, for a rotation of 300 0.
  • the work to be provided is represented by the area located between the axis X of the abscissae, and the maximum curve ABCD.
  • the calculations for determining the profile of the cam 17 corresponding to this example are provided below, the successive angles ⁇ , ⁇ 2 , and 0 3 corresponding to the successive angular sectors AB, BC, CD. 1 st phase: 2nd phase: 3rd phase:
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and may include variant embodiments.
  • the above cam profile has been given only as an indicative example, and can be modified according to the mechanical characteristics desired for the mechanism.
  • the pawl 14, the lever 8 and the fork 11 can be produced in a manner different from that described, insofar as equivalent results are obtained.

Landscapes

  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Schliessmechanismus für eine Tür (1) eines Kraftfahrzeugs, der in dieser Tür angeordnet sein kann, gekennzeichnet durch
einen Hebel (8), der um eine feststehende Achse (9) an einem seiner Enden schwenkbar montiert ist,
eine Gabel (11), die un eine am entgegengesetzten Ende des Hebels (8) befestigte Achse (12) drehbar montiert ist und so ausgebildet ist, dass sie einen Schliessbolzen (3) aufnehmen kann, der an einer Mittelsäule (2) der Fahrzeugkarosserie befestigt ist, wobei die Gabel (11) mit einem elastischen Organ (13) versehen ist, das sie in die Stellung zurückholt, in der der Schliessbolzen (3) freigegeben ist,
eine Einrichtung (14) zur Verriegelung der Gabel (11) an dem Schliessbolzen (3) während der Verschwenkung des Hebels (8), wobei die Verriegelung vor dem Verschwenken des Helbels stattfindet,
und eine Kurvenscheibe (17), die drehbar um eine feststehende, zu den Schwenkachsen (9, 12) des Hebels (8) und der Gabel (11) parallele Achse (18) drehbar montiert ist und durch einen Motor (10) in Drehung versetzt werden kann, der automatisch durch die Verriegelung des Gabel (11) zu Beginn der Schliessbewegung der Tür (1) ausgelöst wird, und ein solches Profil besitzt, dass sie mit dem Hebel (8) so zusammenwirken kann, dass sie ihn entgegen der entgegenwirkenden Belastung durch ein elastisches Rückholorgan (27) verschwenken kann, das bestrebt ist, den Hebel (8) an der Kurvenscheibe (17) in Anlage zu halten.
2. Schliessmechanismus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die an dem Hebel (8) angelenket Gabel (11) einen Daumen (11 b) besitzt, der mit einem Querlappen (11c) vesehen ist, der auf einer Führungsbahn (21) gleiten kann, die an der Oberkante einer (22) von zwei senkrechten, zueinander parallelen Wangen (22, 23) gebildet ist, zwischen denen der Hebel (8), die Kurvenscheibe (17) und die Gabel (11) angeordnet sind und die die Drehachsen (9, 18) des Hebels (8) und der Kurvenscheibe (17) tragen, wobei die Führungsbahn (2) gekrümmt ist und sich über einen Kreisbogen erstereckt, der dem Schliessweg des Hebels (8) entspricht.
3. Schliessmechanismus nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung zur Verriegelung der Gabel (11) an dem Schliessbolzen (3) eine Sperrklinke (14) ist, die an einer zur Drehachse (12) der Gabel (11) parallelen und dieser benachbarten Achse (15) angelenkt ist und mit einer Feder (16) bestückt ist, die sie in die eine oder die andere von zwei stabilen Stellungen drückt, in denen die Gabel (11) bezüglich der Sperrklinke (14) entriegelt ist.
4. Schliessmechanismus nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kurvenscheibe (17) mit einer Rolle (25) zusammenwirkt, die an dem Hebel (8) befestigdt ist und auf einem Profil der Kurvenscheibe (17) anliegt, das so ausgebildet ist, dass ihr Antriebsmotor (10) pro Drehwinkelgrad eine konstante Arbeit entwickelt, und zwar beispielsweise eine geringe Kraft von 0 bis 90°-Drehung während des grössten Teils des Drehwegs, eine grosse Kraft von 90° bis 250° zur Entwicklung der Kraft für das Ende des Schliessvorgangs der Tür (1) bis zu einem Endhub oder «Überhub» (CD) über den Punkt (C) dertatsächlichen Schliessung hinaus, wobei auf diese Drehung eine Rückbewegung des Hebels (8) um einige Grad von seinem «Überhub» aus bis in seine endgültige Stellung folgt, die durch den Eingriff von Tür und Schloss bestimmt, ist, während der Endabschnitt (DA) des Profils der Kurvenscheibe (17) so ausgebildet, ist, dass sich das Profil von der Laufrolle (25) entfernt.
5. Schliessmechanismus nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kurvenscheibe (17) eine Aussparung (29) zur Aufnahme eines wegrückbaren Anschlags (6) besitzt, der in derderTür (1) entsprechenden Mittelsäule (2) montiert ist, elastisch in die Stellung zurückgeholt ist, in der er an der Mittelsäule (2) hervorsteht, und ein solches Profil besitzt, dass er zunächst am Anfang der Schliessung der Tür durch die Druckeinwirkung der Kurvenscheibe (17) in die Mittelsäule eingerückt wird und dann elastisch in die Aussparung (29) der Kurvenscheibe (17) eintritt, wenn diese ihre Winkelstellung erreicht, die der Schliessung der Tür (1) entspricht.
6. Schliessmechanismus nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, gekennzeichnet durch einen Anschlag (31), der an einer (22) der Wangen befestigt ist, innen zwischen diese in ihrem oberen Teil im wesentlichen gegenüber dem Standort der Sperrklinke (14) am Ende derTürschliessung hineinragt und so ausgebildet ist, bei der Verschwenkung der Sperrklinke (14) durch die Schubwirkung eines Querlappens (33) der Sperrklinke (14) elastisch weggerückt wird und dann eine Rücklaufsperre für die Sperrklinke (14) bildet, wenn der Lappen (33) den Anschlag (31) passiert hat, wobei die Rücklaufsperre bei der Rückbewegung des Hebels (8) aus seiner «Überhub-Stellung (D) die Verschwenkung der Sperrklinke (14) bewirkt, so dass sie nun den Anschlag (31) verlässt, die Gabel (11) entriegelt und unter der Wirkung ihrer Rückholfeder (16) in ihre zweite stabile Stellung gelangt.
EP19860400233 1985-02-07 1986-02-04 Schliesseinrichtung für Fahrzeugtüren Expired EP0190976B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8501713A FR2576961B1 (fr) 1985-02-07 1985-02-07 Mecanisme d'assistance a la fermeture d'une porte d'un vehicule automobile
FR8501713 1985-02-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190976A1 EP0190976A1 (de) 1986-08-13
EP0190976B1 true EP0190976B1 (de) 1988-06-01

Family

ID=9316014

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860400233 Expired EP0190976B1 (de) 1985-02-07 1986-02-04 Schliesseinrichtung für Fahrzeugtüren

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4667991A (de)
EP (1) EP0190976B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61183589A (de)
BR (1) BR8600510A (de)
CA (1) CA1259501A (de)
DE (1) DE3660263D1 (de)
ES (1) ES292247Y (de)
FR (1) FR2576961B1 (de)
MX (1) MX161478A (de)

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US8516864B2 (en) 2009-09-10 2013-08-27 Compx International Inc. Electronic latch mechanism
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WO2011116147A2 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Southco, Inc. Electromechanical compression latch
JP5278407B2 (ja) * 2010-11-04 2013-09-04 アイシン精機株式会社 車両用ドアロック装置
WO2016082022A1 (en) * 2014-11-25 2016-06-02 9303-0302 Quebec Inc. Device for holding the trunk lid of a vehicle in an open position
US11176765B2 (en) 2017-08-21 2021-11-16 Compx International Inc. System and method for combined electronic inventory data and access control
US11157789B2 (en) 2019-02-18 2021-10-26 Compx International Inc. Medicinal dosage storage and method for combined electronic inventory data and access control
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4115528A1 (de) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-19 Ernst Danils Einbruchhemmend verriegelndes hautuerschloss

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Publication number Publication date
FR2576961B1 (fr) 1987-04-30
ES292247Y (es) 1987-02-16
CA1259501A (en) 1989-09-19
BR8600510A (pt) 1986-12-30
MX161478A (es) 1990-09-28
JPS61183589A (ja) 1986-08-16
DE3660263D1 (en) 1988-07-07
ES292247U (es) 1986-06-01
US4667991A (en) 1987-05-26
EP0190976A1 (de) 1986-08-13
FR2576961A1 (fr) 1986-08-08

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