Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
  • E02D27/02—Flat foundations without substantial excavation
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements

Definitions

• the construction of a construction without basement, and in particular of individual houses without basement, is generally carried out on perimeter walls founded on good soil, or at least at the regulatory depth frost-free, with pouring between these walls a non-load-bearing concrete slab.
• a more advantageous solution in terms of insulation, both in cold and in humidity, consists in creating a crawl space, that is to say in making a carrier slab independent of the ground and resting on the perimeter walls. This solution is of course more expensive than the previous one, since it requires the mounting of perimeter walls of greater height.
• the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks presented by the known solutions set out above and it proposes to provide all the advantages of the crawl space by the implementation of a particularly economical process.
• the method according to the invention consists in making point foundations, either by concrete wells at the prescribed depth or on the resistant layers of the soil, or by micro-piles, these foundations being established in a regular grid defined by the dimensions of the slab to be made and the weight of the building, to prepare a flat and leveled ground at the level of said point foundations, to have on the ground thus prepared j ⁇ : formwork forms recoverable at the periphery of the slab to be made then formwork elements lost in the center intended to constitute the ribs of the slab with possibly connecting members of these elements to each other to allow the continuity of each rib to be arranged between the rows of formwork elements lost from the element.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to subsequently realize, without reworking the building under construction and therefore very inexpensively, a basement if one day it turns out to be desirable.
• the apparatus for implementing the method comprises lost formwork elements made of a light and resistant material.
• lost formwork elements can for example consist of foam blocks made of expanded plastic, or cardboard boxes reinforced by a honeycomb network. Cardboard boxes have the advantage of being able to be delivered flat and to be set up on site, without the need for special tools, with reinforcing braces.
• the lost formwork elements have the ability to nest end to end by means of special elements, called connecting elements, so as to achieve a rib continuity.
• These special elements can form a formwork for a transverse intermediate beam reinforcing the rigidity of the slab.
• the formwork elements could be square so as to constitute a "honeycomb" slab if the conditions of use or load required it.
• connection elements may have reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.
• the rigidity of the slab is obtained by the height of the ribs, achieved economically thanks to the low cost of lost formwork.
• the lost formwork elements can receive devices ensuring the spacing of the reinforcing mesh from the slab.
• these spacers can adapt to one or more layers of trellis.
• spacer elements which define the width of the beams.
• These spacers can be made of baryte cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary rise through the ribs.
• the spacers of the formwork can have a U-shaped profile, have additional insulation on the underside and include spacers for the reinforcement.
• the reinforcement of the beams will be symmetrical and will be calculated for the longer span rib.
• the rib bottoms can be leveled at the highest point.
• the point foundations are themselves leveled at this level, the outer perimeter formwork is then produced. in two parts, a first being leveled off at the bottom of the slab and the foundations, to thus define an irregular volume that can be temporarily filled with sand or with a powdery material, support for the slab bottom and lost formwork, and a second part formed by extensions of the thickness of the ribs increased by that of the compression slab, allowing the casting of the slab. After drying and stripping, the sand is removed naturally.
• the method according to the invention is particularly usable when, during the pouring of the slab on earth, the study of the support structure of the slab requires the production of beams or beams of a height greater than the thickness of the slab.
• the lost formwork surrounding the reinforcement of beams or beams used according to the method of the invention has for its object:
• the formwork can be made with any rigid and light surface such as cardboard, wood fiber, plastic or other.
• the choice of formwork material should be made according to the nature of the soil. The more the ground can be cut cleanly at a level very close to the beam or sill to be formed (and the less then there is backfill), the lighter the formwork can be. On the other hand, the more powdery the soil, the wider the excavation and the backfill, and the more rigid the material and the greater the number of wedges or spacers.
• the formwork can receive a seal internally which will prevent possible infiltration by under pressure, thus allowing the realization of a sealed casing.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially in vertical section, of a slab obtained according to the method of the present invention
• FIGS. 2 to 4 are schematic perspective views showing the successive phases of the realization, according to a variant of the method of the invention, of a part of a slab with buried support beams.
• FIG. 1 there is shown in 1 concrete wells constituting foundations sinking to the resistant layers of the soil. Although only two wells 1 are visible in the figure, it will be understood that there is a well at each corner of the slab to be made. Between wells 1, the ground 2 is leveled and leveled at the point foundations formed by wells 1.
• the lost formwork elements consist of cardboard boxes which can be delivered flat and placed in volume on the site, with reinforcement crosspieces, without the need for any particular tool.
• the connecting elements 6 could include reservations serving as crossings perpendicular to the ribs.
• spacer elements 7 Between the rows of formwork 5, constituting the ribs of the slab 3, are arranged spacer elements 7 which define the width of the beams.
• the spacing elements 7 are made of baryte cardboard, serving as a seal against capillary increases through the ribs, and have a U-shaped profile.
• the elements 7 have an insulator 8, for example polystyrene, on the underside and may have spacers (not shown in the drawing) for the reinforcement of the beams.
• Crossing reservations 9 are provided in the spacer elements 7.
• spacers 10 constituted by pieces of cardboard used to separate the formwork 5 from the mesh 11 for reinforcing the slab 3.
• the concrete is poured , which is preferably done at the pump. After drying, only the formwork cheeks 4 are recoverable.
• FIG. 2 to 4 there is shown a variant of the method according to the invention, for the production of a slab comprising support beams of a height greater than that of the slab and intended to be partially embedded in floor.
• the surface of the ground which has been leveled is shown at 21, at 22 a dig intended to accommodate a beam and on the well-leveled bottom 23 from which the structure 24 of the beam is fitted with a formwork lost 25,
• the structure 24 is constituted by a wire mesh, and the lost formwork 25 consists of a sheet of cardboard in the shape of a U.
• the spacers 26 of the mesh of the frame 24 are advantageously fixed to the formwork 25, so that that it can easily be put in place at the same time as the trellis.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Foundations (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9305200

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Families Citing this family (22)

Family Cites Families (27)

• 1984
  • 1984-06-19 FR FR8409595A patent/FR2566031B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1985
  • 1985-06-14 CA CA000484071A patent/CA1302111C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-06-14 IL IL75525A patent/IL75525A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-18 JP JP60502728A patent/JPH0699975B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-06-18 EP EP85903002A patent/EP0185065B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1985-06-18 DE DE8585903002T patent/DE3573284D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-06-18 WO PCT/FR1985/000159 patent/WO1986000358A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1985-06-18 AU AU44924/85A patent/AU4492485A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1985-06-18 US US06/847,408 patent/US4799348A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1985-06-19 MA MA20684A patent/MA20457A1/fr unknown
• 1986
  • 1986-02-18 OA OA58788A patent/OA08206A/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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