EP0184175B1 - Procédé et installation pour la cuisson de matériaux céramiques fins et grossiers - Google Patents

Procédé et installation pour la cuisson de matériaux céramiques fins et grossiers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0184175B1
EP0184175B1 EP85115267A EP85115267A EP0184175B1 EP 0184175 B1 EP0184175 B1 EP 0184175B1 EP 85115267 A EP85115267 A EP 85115267A EP 85115267 A EP85115267 A EP 85115267A EP 0184175 B1 EP0184175 B1 EP 0184175B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stacks
furnace
sealing surfaces
fired
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85115267A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0184175A2 (fr
EP0184175A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr.-Ing. Vocke
Manfred Dr.-Ing. Rossmann
Hubert Dipl.-Ing. Loscha
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP0184175A2 publication Critical patent/EP0184175A2/fr
Publication of EP0184175A3 publication Critical patent/EP0184175A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0184175B1 publication Critical patent/EP0184175B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/02—Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for firing fired material in a tunnel furnace, in which the fired material is conveyed through the furnace in stacks and an oxidizing gas is passed at least between two of the material stacks arranged and conveyed at a distance from one another.
  • Pottery and ceramics are often fired in tunnel kilns.
  • the goods are usually assembled into cuboid stacks and, for example, two stacks are arranged on a trolley. With the help of the trolleys, the stacks are often moved in a row through the tunnel oven in cycles.
  • the stacks are usually arranged on the trolley so that the distances between successive stacks are constant.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the stacks and the furnace are similar.
  • the cross-sectional area of the stack must of course be significantly smaller than that of the furnace, so that there are free spaces, so-called longitudinal aisles, between the furnace walls and the side surfaces of the stack facing the furnace walls, which are usually oriented parallel to the direction of movement of the stack through the furnace.
  • the goods are first heated from ambient temperature to temperatures between approx. 870 K (600 ° C) and 1170 K (900 ° C), the carbon of the goods being oxidized in the furnace by oxygen.
  • the goods are then further heated in a burner zone.
  • the heat is brought into the furnace by means of a burner.
  • the goods are then cooled in a cooling zone.
  • the rate of oxidation and thus the burning time depend on the amount of oxygen in the furnace atmosphere. It is known that to reduce the burning time, the furnace atmosphere can be enriched with oxygen (e.g. DE-OS 27 54 766).
  • oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is e.g.
  • a certain minimum concentration of oxygen in the furnace is required in order to achieve a complete oxidation of the clay or ceramic goods. If a certain minimum concentration of oxygen, or generally a certain concentration of the gas which is introduced into the furnace, is to be maintained, then a relatively large amount of gas must be supplied to the furnace, which results in correspondingly high costs.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method of the type described at the outset and a device with which or in which materials can be fired in the most economical manner possible without the quality of the fired material being impaired.
  • this object is achieved by that an intermittent feed movement is carried out for the firing material stack to be fired such that at least a distance between two stacks (5) is positioned in the rest position suitable for introducing oxidizing gas, in this position two sealing surfaces at the distance formed from two successive material stacks laterally to be brought up to concern or sealing surfaces are already appropriately positioned in the furnace so that they rest against two successive stacks in the rest position of the feed, whereby an intermediate space is defined by the sealing surfaces (7) and the mutually facing side surfaces of the stack and the oxidizing gas to be supplied is introduced into this intermediate space.
  • the proposal according to the invention is now based on the knowledge that only a part of the gas blown into the intermediate space as previously known flows through the adjacent stacks of the goods to be burned. A relatively large proportion of the gas introduced flows out of the intermediate space into the two longitudinal streets and directly towards the chimney. This part of the gas consequently leaves the furnace unused. According to the invention, the gas exchange between the intermediate space and the longitudinal streets is now considerably reduced or almost completely prevented.
  • materials which contain oxidizable constituents include not only coarse and fine ceramic materials such as bricks, clinker, roof tiles, split and floor panels, tiles, flower bowls, tiles, etc., but also refractory materials, stoneware, SiC panels and the like.
  • the firing material is transported through the furnace in the form of cuboid-shaped stacks of the same cross-sectional area which are arranged at a constant distance from one another, the sealing surfaces (7) being placed against the side surfaces oriented parallel to the transport direction of the stack and the sealing surfaces being of a width that are just slightly larger than the distance between two consecutive stacks.
  • oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is introduced as the gas into the intermediate space formed by the method according to the invention.
  • a refractory mat is preferably arranged in such a tunnel furnace within each longitudinal aisle in the area of the device for introducing a gas, through which the space between the successive stacks is separated from the respective longitudinal aisle.
  • the gas exchange between the longitudinal aisles and the space between two successive stacks is less, the closer the refractory mats or the like to the Side faces of the stack are located.
  • a particularly small amount of gas is required in the invention if e.g. the refractory mats extend from the floor on which the stack rests to at least the top edge of the stack, preferably to the furnace ceiling.
  • the device according to the invention is advantageously applied to the heat treatment of ceramic or pottery containing oxidizable material, oxygen or oxygen-enriched air being passed into the furnace as the gas. Because of the cost of oxygen and the large amounts of oxygen that must be supplied in the preheating zone when pottery or ceramics are fired, the savings in such heat treatments are substantial. It has been found that the amount of oxygen required can be reduced by 30 to 50%.
  • ceramic or pottery products are to be fired in a tunnel kiln, oxygen or oxygen-enriched air being introduced into the area of the kiln in which the oxidation of the oxidizable material takes place.
  • the two side walls 1, 2 and the ceiling 3 of the tunnel kiln are shown schematically.
  • the ceramics or pottery to be fired are moved in the form of stacks 5 on trolleys 4 in cycles through the tunnel oven.
  • the distances between successive stacks 5 and the lateral distances between the stacks 5 and the furnace walls 1, 2 are essentially the same.
  • In the furnace ceiling there are several inlet devices 6, not shown, for oxygen, for example lances or tubes.
  • the carriages 4 and thus the stacks 5 are now moved through the furnace in such a way that the space between two successive stacks 5 is exactly below the inlet devices 6 after a feed movement. In this position, the stacks are held for a certain time interval before the stacks are again moved e.g. be moved half a car length.
  • two refractory mats 7 are arranged in the area of the inlet devices. These mats are fastened to the furnace ceiling, for example, and are aligned essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the stacks 5 in the furnace.
  • the refractory mats 7 are arranged so that they extend from the furnace ceiling 3 to the car floor on which the stacks 5 rest.
  • the distance between the two refractory mats 7 is equal to the width of a stack 5, so that the stack 5 slide between the refractory mats 7 during the forward movement.
  • the refractory mats 7 have a width which is greater than the distance between two successive stacks 5.
  • each refractory mat 7 rests on the front and rear stacks (see FIG. 1). In this position, oxygen or acid-enriched air is now introduced into the space formed by the refractory mats 7 and the two successive stacks.
  • the refractory mats 7 according to the invention now make the direct path of the oxygen or the oxygen-enriched air to the chimney difficult and a more intensive gas flow through the stacks 5 is forced. At the same time, the required amount of oxygen can be reduced by up to 50%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé de cuisson d'articles dans un four-tunnel, dans lequel les articles sont transportés en piles à travers le four, et dans lequel un gaz d'oxydation est introduit au moins entre deux des piles qui sont transportées, espacées l'une de l'autre, dans le four, caractérisé en ce qu'un mouvement d'avancement discontinu est mis en oeuvre de sorte que, en position de repos, au moins une distance entre deux piles (5) adaptée à l'introduction du gaz d'oxydation soit à chaque fois prévue, et en ce que, dans cette position, deux surfaces d'étanchéité (7) sont amenées en contact sur le côté au niveau de la distance définie entre deux piles consécutives de matériaux, ou en ce que des surfaces d'étanchéité (7) sont déjà positionnés en correspondance dans le four, de sorte que dans la position de repos de l'avancement, elles s'appuient sur deux piles de matériaux consécutives, un espace intermédiaire de délimitation étant ainsi constitué par les surfaces d'étanchéité (7) et par les surfaces latérales de la pile qui sont face à face, le gaz d'oxydation à apporter étant introduit dans cet espace intermédiaire.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les articles à cuire sont transportés à travers le four sous forme de piles de forme carrée de même section, disposées à une distance constante les unes des autres, les surfaces d'étanchéité (7) étant disposés contre les faces latérales des piles orientées parallèlement à la direction d'avancement, ces surfaces d'étanchéité ayant une largeur un peu supérieure à la distance entre deux piles consécutives.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par l'utilisation, en tant que gaz d'oxydation, d'oxygène ou d'air enrichi en oxygène.
  4. Four tunnel pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, comportant des dispositifs de transport (4), par exemple des wagonnets de transport, grâce auxquels les articles à cuire peuvent être transportés en pile à travers le four, les piles étant transportées, séparées l'une de l'autre, et en constituant des passages latéraux longitudinaux (8) dans le four et comportant des dispositifs (6) d'alimentation ou d'amenée en gaz d'oxydation dans l'intérieur du four et dans la zone séparant deux piles, caractérisé en ce que des surfaces d'étanchéité sont disposées dans les passages longitudinaux (8) laissés libres dans le four par les piles (5) d'articles à cuire, au niveau des dispositifs d'amenée (6) du gaz d'oxydation, de sorte que les surfaces d'étanchéité colmatent l'espace intermédiaire entre deux piles d'articles à cuire dans une position d'avancement déterminée par rapport au reste de l'intérieur du four, et donc par rapport à chaque passage longitudinal.
  5. Four tunnel selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs d'alimentation (6) sont disposés dans le plafond du four, et en ce que les surfaces d'étanchéité (7) sont fixées près de ces dispositifs d'alimentation, le long des passages longitudinaux (8) et parallèlement à ceux-ci, les surfaces d'étanchéité s'étendant vers le bas jusqu'au plan sur lequel sont disposées les piles d'articles à cuire.
  6. Four tunnel selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces d'étanchéité (7) sont les matelas réfractaires.
EP85115267A 1984-12-06 1985-12-02 Procédé et installation pour la cuisson de matériaux céramiques fins et grossiers Expired - Lifetime EP0184175B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843444536 DE3444536A1 (de) 1984-12-06 1984-12-06 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum brennen von grob- und feinkeramischen materialien
DE3444536 1984-12-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0184175A2 EP0184175A2 (fr) 1986-06-11
EP0184175A3 EP0184175A3 (en) 1989-05-03
EP0184175B1 true EP0184175B1 (fr) 1992-02-26

Family

ID=6252078

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85115267A Expired - Lifetime EP0184175B1 (fr) 1984-12-06 1985-12-02 Procédé et installation pour la cuisson de matériaux céramiques fins et grossiers

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0184175B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3444536A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR0004049A (pt) * 1999-09-08 2001-06-19 Praxair Technology Inc Método para reduzir defeitos de produto na produção de produtos cerâmicos durante o processo de queima e para aumentar a taxa de produção dos citados produtos cerâmicos

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1812148A1 (de) * 1968-12-02 1970-06-18 Werner Koschel Tunnelofen
DE2739722C2 (de) * 1977-09-03 1982-05-06 Vereinigte Großalmeroder Thonwerke, 3432 Großalmerode Verfahren zum Brennen großformatiger Ware zu feuerfesten Erzeugnissen
US4329142A (en) * 1979-06-18 1982-05-11 Boc Limited Method for heat treatment of clay and refractory ware

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0184175A2 (fr) 1986-06-11
DE3585431D1 (de) 1992-04-02
EP0184175A3 (en) 1989-05-03
DE3444536A1 (de) 1986-06-12

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