Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
  • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
  • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
  • B01D46/2407—Filter candles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
  • A61L2/04—Heat
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
  • A61L2/04—Heat
  • A61L2/06—Hot gas
  • A61L2/07—Steam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D1/00—Evaporating
  • B01D1/0011—Heating features
  • B01D1/0017—Use of electrical or wave energy
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D1/00—Evaporating
  • B01D1/06—Evaporators with vertical tubes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D1/00—Evaporating
  • B01D1/06—Evaporators with vertical tubes
  • B01D1/065—Evaporators with vertical tubes by film evaporating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
  • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
  • B01D3/04—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping pipe stills
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
  • B01D35/18—Heating or cooling the filters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
  • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
  • B01D46/4263—Means for active heating or cooling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/005—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by heat treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
  • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
  • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
  • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
  • B01D63/084—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes
  • B01D63/085—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes specially adapted for two fluids in mass exchange flow
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
  • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
  • B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
  • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D21/0015—Heat and mass exchangers, e.g. with permeable walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
  • F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
  • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
  • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/0243—Header boxes having a circular cross-section
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2459—Comprising electrode layers with interposed electrolyte compartment with possible electrolyte supply or circulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/22—Cooling or heating elements
  • B01D2313/221—Heat exchangers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
  • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for heat and material exchange between two or more flowable media for heat exchange or for initiating a reaction between the media with an inlet and an outlet for one and an inlet and an outlet for the other Medium and at least two surrounding tubes, one of which is connected to one and the other to the other inlet and outlet.
• Heat exchangers are known in numerous designs.
• two tubes are arranged concentrically to one another.
• the cooling or heating medium is passed through the annular space between the two pipes.
• the medium with a higher pressure is passed through the inner tube.
• the inner tube is also provided with longitudinal ribs.
• the mutual sealing of the spaces enclosed by the two tubes requires a great deal of effort in the known heat exchangers.
• the object of the invention is to design a heat exchanger or generally a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the spaces through which the various media are carried out can be easily sealed off from one another.
• a device is also created by means of which the media are not only carried out separately from one another, but in which they can also react with one another.
• the solution to this problem according to the invention results from the fact that the inner tube is passed with its two ends through the outer tube and its ends protrude beyond it, the feed and Discharges run at a substantially right angle to the pipes, a pair of supply and discharge lines are placed on the ends of the inner pipe and a pair of supply and discharge lines are placed on the ends of the outer pipe, openings at the mounting points corresponding to the pipe diameters in the supply and discharge lines are provided and the pipes are connected to the supply and discharge lines and all lead-through and connection points are closed.
• the inner tube runs through the outer tube in this construction. It passes through the supply and discharge lines placed on the outer pipe.
• the spaces enclosed by the two pipes only have to be sealed off from one another at these passage or passage points.
• the invention has the further advantage that the device has a simple geometric shape and has only a small space requirement with respect to the area over which the spaces enclosed by the two tubes are in contact with one another.
• This enables the tubes arranged in the manner according to the invention to be arranged next to one another in a manner yet to be explained with the formation of registers and to be connected to one another in a variety of ways and in series.
• the devices can also be arranged horizontally, vertically or also in an inclined position. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the device according to the invention can be used not only for heat exchange, but also for mass transfer between two or more media.
• Group 1 double tube heat exchanger Finned tube heat exchanger; Triple and multiple heat exchangers; Plate heat exchangers.
• Group 2 exhaust gas coolers; Air cooler; Cross tube cooler; Würz ⁇ cooling apparatus; Capacitors; Reflux condensers.
• Group 3 evaporators; Steep tube evaporator; Multi-stage evaporator; Falling film evaporator; Evaporators for sensitive goods; Low pressure steam generator.
• Group 4 Apparatus for: extraction, distillation, rectification, degassing.
• Group 7 candle filters Ultrafiltration; Packed columns; Catalytic reactors; Ion exchanger; Low-pressure contact furnaces; Deodoriser.
• Group 8 chlorate electrolysis; Perchlorate electrolysis; Gas separation; Thermal diffusion; Foreign gas diffusion; Isotope enrichment.
• Group 9 air separation; Desalination.
• Group 10 fuel cells; Differential pressure electrolysis; Bio-reactors.
• Fig. 1 shows the basic form of the invention Device with an inner and an outer tube and the feed and discharge lines connected to them,
• FIG. 3 shows the top view of a plurality of inner and outer tubes arranged next to one another and forming a register, this register forming a block together with others,
• FIG. 4 shows a view along the section line 4 - 4 in FIG.
• FIG. 7 shows a representation similar to FIG. 1 of more than two tubes lying one inside the other and forming a multiple heat exchanger
• FIG. 11 shows a view, partly in section, of an electrolysis cell
• 12 shows a section along the section line 12-12 in FIG. 11 through three registers arranged in the manner of a filter press
• FIG. 13 shows a partial section through a frame with a special representation of a sleeve isolating the tubes from one another
• FIG. 15 shows a representation, partly in section, of an electrolysis cell that can be used for water electrolysis
• FIG. 16 shows a representation of the basic embodiment according to FIG. 1, the inner and the outer tube being formed by plates.
• FIG. 19 shows a partial view of the device according to FIG. 18 on an enlarged scale
• 21 shows the representation, partly in section, of a plurality of tubes lying one inside the other for use as a catalytic reactor and
• FIG. 22 shows the representation of tubes lying one inside the other when used as a bioreactor.
• 1 shows the principle of the device with the inner tube 30 and the outer tube 32 concentrically surrounding it.
• the inner tube 30 projects beyond the outer tube 32. With its two ends, it is connected to supply or discharge lines 34.
• the two ends of the outer tube 32 are connected to supply or discharge lines 36.
• These supply and discharge lines 34 and 36 generally run at 90 ° to the inner and outer tubes 30 and 32. However, they can also include other angles with them.
• the supply and discharge lines 36 are placed on the outer tube 32 at points 38. These attachment points 38 must be sealed. In general, it is sufficient to weld the supply and discharge lines 36 onto the ends of the outer tube 32.
• the inner tube 30 is passed through openings 40 in the feed and discharge lines 36. These implementation points must also be sealed. Here too, weld seams are generally sufficient. 1 shows that the basic shape of the device is geometrically simple and even rotationally symmetrical and takes up little space. This enables the assembly
• Fig. 2 shows different configurations of the two tubes, particularly when used in a heat exchanger.
• the two tubes 30 and 32 are solid or impermeable.
• Fig. 2 also shows an embodiment in which the inner tube 30 is porous. Such a tube is used for mass transfer, in carrying out reactions, for electrolysis and the like.
• 2 further shows the arrangement of longitudinal ribs 42 on the inner tube 30. This improves the heat transfer.
• FIG. 2 further shows the arrangement of spiral ribs 44 on the outer tube 32. Via these ribs 44, the entire device can be cooled with air supplied in cross flow if it is used for exothermic reactions.
• the inner tube 30 additionally has longitudinal ribs 42. 2 further shows an embodiment.
• the medium to be cooled can optionally be passed through the inner tube 30 or through the outer tube 32.
• a cooling medium can additionally be introduced into the inner tube 30 or the intermediate space between the inner tube 30 and the outer tube 32. If several devices according to FIG. 1 are connected in series, cooling can also be carried out in countercurrent.
• the medium to be cooled is first passed through the inner tube 30 and then through the annular space between the two tubes or vice versa. This is recommended if the medium to be cooled should only be cooled slowly for chemical or procedural reasons. The same applies if the medium is to be heated up slowly.
• FIG. 1 The embodiment shown in FIG.
• the medium to be filtered is introduced either through the inner or through the outer tube.
• the outer tube 32 can be additionally heated or cooled.
• the device then acts both as a filter and at the same time as a heat exchanger. It should also be mentioned that the two media can flow through the two tubes 30 and 32 both in the same direction and in the opposite direction. If the two tubes are arranged in a housing, a third medium can also participate in the heat exchange. This can be initiated in cocurrent, countercurrent or crossflow.
• FIG. 3 shows a register composed of several embodiments according to FIG. 1.
• a plurality of inner and outer pipes 30 and 32 are jointly connected to supply and discharge lines 34 and 36. These lead to collecting lines 46 and 48. These run perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
• a plurality of registers of the type shown in FIG. 3 can be arranged in series and on the same bus lines 46 and 48 be connected. This will be explained in the following.
• Fig. 5 shows such a block.
• Several registers are arranged next to each other and connected together to collecting lines 46 and 48. This results in blocks of any size. These can be arranged lying in two axes and standing in one axis. 6 shows the series connection of several registers.
• FIG. 7 shows an embodiment with more than two tubes arranged concentrically around one another.
• a further tube 52 with an additional feed and discharge line 54 is additionally arranged in the inner tube 30.
• the outer tube 32 is surrounded by an additional further tube 52 with an additional further inlet and outlet 54.
• This heat exchanger is also used for slow heating or cooling of sensitive media.
• the supply and discharge lines 34, 36 and 54 are interconnected outside the register in such a way that the media flow through the pipes or registers either in cocurrent or in countercurrent.
• the registers can also be interconnected so that the spaces between the individual tubes are flowed through from the inside to the outside or vice versa.
• the inner tube 30 is a bit into the inlet and outlet 34. Strictly speaking, it is up to the level of the medium to be evaporated.
• the upper end of the inner tube 30 can be equipped with liquid distributors.
• the supplied to be evaporated and in the lower part of the inlet and outlet 34 medium passes over the upper edge of 'the inner tube 30 via and on the inside wall of down. This creates a falling film.
• This can be heated by a heating medium passed through the outer tube 32.
• the vapors collect in the upper part of the feed and discharge line 34. They can be fed to a register that works as a capacitor.
• Fig. 9 shows a falling film evaporator with cooling.
• a further additional tube 52 is passed through the inner tube 30. Its upper end opens into an inlet and outlet 54.
• a heating medium can be passed through the outer tube 32.
• a cooling medium is passed through the further tube 52. This allows a mixture of substances to be evaporated. Components with a higher boiling point are condensed in the vapor space 56 of the inner tube 30 and run back down the outer wall of the further tube 52.
• This falling film evaporator with cooling enables various options for carrying out certain chemical reactions, evaporation or distillation processes *.
• Fig. 10 shows an evaporator with return.
• a heating medium is passed through the further tube 52.
• the medium to be evaporated is fed through the inner tube 30. This has openings 58. So that the thick liquor overflows into the outer tube 32.
• the vapors collect in the supply and discharge lines 36 and can be withdrawn from the side of the registers or fed to another register working as a capacitor.
• 11 shows an embodiment working as an electrolysis cell.
• the registers already described are cast in the form of a frame in the manner of filter press frames with plastic or inserted into a plastic frame 60.
• the supply and discharge lines 34 and 36 are molded into this frame 60, and the electrolyte is supplied and discharged via these.
• the inner and outer tubes 30 and 32 act as cathode and anode.
• Either the outer walls of the inner tubes 30 or the inner walls of the outer tubes 32 can be coated with a catalyst, and a coolant is fed in via the manifolds 46.
• the electrolyte is supplied via the collecting lines 48.
• the electrodes are shown at 62 and 64.
• Fig. 12 shows a section through three frames arranged like a filter press. The individual frames or registers are separated from one another by end walls 66. This results in a series connection of the individual registers. Without the end walls 66, the individual registers or electrolysis cells are connected in parallel. This circuit only affects electrolyte and coolant circuits. Alternatively, the electrolyte can be introduced in series and the coolant can be introduced in parallel or vice versa. This type of circuit is important for electrolysis processes in which a product is enriched.
• a sleeve 68 consisting of an insulating material encloses the inner tube. 30. It insulates it from the inlet and outlet line 36 and the outer tube 32.
• the inlet and outlet lines 34 and 36 are enclosed in a plastic frame 70.
• the inner and outer tubes 30 and 32 are porous over part of their length.
• Inner tube 30 forms the anode and outer tube 32 the cathode, via the space surrounding the outer tubes 32, oxygen or air is supplied.
• the electrolyte is supplied via the feed or discharge line 36.
• the fuel is introduced into the inner tubes 30 and flows out via the inlet or outlet line 34 shown.
• the tubes 30 and 32 are insulated from one another via the sleeves 68.
• the voltage is tapped off at electrodes 62 and 64. They are directly connected to the feed and discharge lines 34 and 36.
• FIG. 15 shows a further embodiment of an electrolysis cell.
• this is used for water electrolysis.
• the two tubes 30 and 32 form the electrodes, and one is made of a porous material.
• a jacket 74 projecting downward is fastened to the cuff 68. It dips into the electrolyte and prevents the electrolysis gases from mixing.
• the inner tube 30 forms the anode and the outer tube 32 the cathode.
• the electrolyte is introduced into the space between the two tubes 30 and 32 from below. It collects in the line 36 shown. Catholyte and hydrogen are separated outside the electrolysis cell.
• a lower pressure is maintained in the inner tube 30 than in the outer tube 32. The pressure difference should be above the pressure loss created by the inner tube 30.
• the oxygen produced at the anode can pass through the porous inner tube 30 and be discharged via the drawn-in line 34.
• the anolyte can pass through the porous inner tube 30 and flow downwards.
• the jacket 74 is immersed in the electrolyte and prevents the gases generated during the electrolysis from mixing.
• FIG. 16 shows a modification of the basic form of the invention shown in FIG. 1.
• the two pipes 30 and 32 no longer have a circular cross section, but are instead made of plates 76 and 78 formed. When used as a heat exchanger, this results in larger heat transfer areas.
• FIG. 17 shows an embodiment in which several registers are connected in series with simple means.
• any number of inner and outer “tubes are first arranged side by side and on their inflow and Ab ⁇ lines 34 and 36 connected together. This creates a single large register.
• the supply line 34 for the inner tubes 30, which is at the bottom in FIG. 17, is now interrupted at one point.
• the derivation 36 at the top in FIG. 17 for the outer tubes 32 is interrupted. The result of this is that the individual registers are placed in series and the media involved in the heat exchange flow through them in countercurrent. This is indicated by the arrows.
• FIGS. 18 and 19 show an embodiment which is used as a reactor for carrying out chemical processes.
• the inner tube 30 is filled with a fixed bed catalyst 82. This is held by a perforated support 80, which is arranged in the lower inlet and outlet 34.
• the inner tube 30 can also be filled with an ion exchanger or packing.
• the device can thus take over the functions of a reactor for catalytic processes, the function of an ion exchanger or a packed column. It is left to the respective reaction up to which height the inner tube 30 is filled.
• a heating or cooling medium can be passed through the outer tube 32 to support the reactions.
• the outer tube 32 can, as indicated in FIG. 18, enclose the inner tube only over a part of its length.
• the filling mass 82 of the inner tube 30 is held by the support 80.
• the filling compound 82 is entered through an opening in the upper inlet and outlet 34 and can through an opening in the lower feed and discharge line 34 can be taken out according to consumption. With a suitable connection of the supply and discharge lines 34, the filling compound 82 can be backwashed.
• the inner tube 30 is porous and forms a candle filter. It is interchangeable and accessible from the outside.
• the inner tube 30 is connected to the upper side of the lower inlet and outlet line 34 via a flange 84. It is completely passed through the upper inlet and outlet line 34, and is connected to the outside world via a flange 86.
• the medium to be filtered is introduced into the lower inlet and outlet line 34, it flows through the flange 84 into the interior of the inner tube 30.
• the medium to be filtered is introduced into the upper inlet and outlet line 34, it flows into the outer tube 32 and then passes through the porous inner tube 30 from the outside inwards. This results in filtration from the inside out or vice versa.
• a cooling or heating medium can be passed through the further pipe 52. Heating is used for substances whose viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. Filtration is thereby facilitated.
• the device thus acts simultaneously as a filter and heat exchanger. With a suitable connection of the supply and discharge lines 34, the filter, that is to say the porous inner tube 30, can be backwashed. When the porous inner tube 30 is replaced by a membrane placed on a support tube, the device can also be used for ultrafiltration.
• the inner tube 30 is filled with catalyst mass 82. This is held by the support 80.
• a liquid reactant is entered from above through the upper inlet and outlet 34.
• a gaseous reactant is introduced into the lower inlet and outlet line 34 via a nozzle 88.
• a cooling or heating medium is passed through tube 32.
• the length and the diameter of the inner and outer tubes 30 and 32 depend on the reaction. The number of pipes connected to a register also depends on this.
• the inner tubes 30 do not end in a lower inlet and outlet, but are bent in a hairpin shape to form arches 90 and are passed through the lower inlet and outlet 36 of the outer tubes 32.
• Nozzles 88 are arranged in the ascending branches of the arches 90.
• the medium to be gassed is introduced through the upper inlet and outlet 34 of the inner tubes 30. It flows down in the direction of the arrow.
• the gas introduced through the nozzles 88 gives it buoyancy and flows upwards in the direction of the arrow.
• Air, oxygen or another gaseous reactant for example, is introduced through the nozzles 88.
• Several of the tubes shown in FIG. 22 can be combined to form a register. Such an arrangement allows continuous process control. A highly concentrated product can then be removed at the end of a register.
• a cooling or heating medium is passed through the outer tubes 32.
• a cooling medium is passed through in exothermic processes. In the case of endothermic processes or in the oxidation of substances which have a high viscosity at normal temperature and a viscosity which decreases with increasing temperature, a heating medium is passed through the outer tubes 32.
• This embodiment finds particular application in the synthetic production of fatty acids, for example for the continuous oxidation of paraffins.
• the first register can be affected by excessive temperatures (temperature shock) initiate the reaction.
• the further registers can then be operated at lower temperatures.
• the system can also be used for halogenating substances. It can also be used for continuous deodorization, for example of fats and oils,

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• 1984
  • 1984-03-27 DE DE8409717U patent/DE8409717U1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-03-27 DE DE19843411675 patent/DE3411675A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1985
  • 1985-03-26 JP JP60501605A patent/JPS61501523A/ja active Pending
  • 1985-03-26 EP EP85901371A patent/EP0177519A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1985-03-26 AU AU42137/85A patent/AU4213785A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1985-03-26 WO PCT/DE1985/000095 patent/WO1985004470A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation

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