EP0161370A1 - Method of constructing small buildings, and buildings obtained by carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method of constructing small buildings, and buildings obtained by carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161370A1
EP0161370A1 EP84430014A EP84430014A EP0161370A1 EP 0161370 A1 EP0161370 A1 EP 0161370A1 EP 84430014 A EP84430014 A EP 84430014A EP 84430014 A EP84430014 A EP 84430014A EP 0161370 A1 EP0161370 A1 EP 0161370A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
walls
roof
buildings
elements
prefabricated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
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EP84430014A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marcel Micheletti
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to FR8307845A priority Critical patent/FR2545858A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP84430014A priority patent/EP0161370A1/en
Publication of EP0161370A1 publication Critical patent/EP0161370A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34321—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/02—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
    • E04H5/04—Transformer houses; Substations or switchgear houses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of constructing small buildings such as, for example, transformer cabins, shelters, outdoor changing rooms, refreshment stalls, public restrooms, etc. It also relates to the buildings obtained by the implementation work of this process.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore to design an industrialized construction method for small buildings, making it possible to overcome a certain number of constraints inherent in conventional artisanal construction methods.
  • this objective is achieved thanks to- a construction method mainly remarkable by the fact that the buildings are produced by means of the assembly of prefabricated elements capable of constituting the walls of said buildings; at least two of the walls being constituted, each one, in one piece with a plate arranged angularly and intended to form a portion of the future roof, so that the positioning and the assembly of said walls allow the entire said roof to be produced automatically.
  • This construction process offers several advantages. It allows the economic prefabrication, in the workshop, of the constituent elements of buildings, in the best possible working and safety conditions; these elements can then be quickly and easily transported and assembled at the place of use.
  • a small building is executed by means of the assembly of prefabricated elements capable of constituting the walls of said building, at least two of said walls being each formed in one piece with a complementary portion of the future roof which is obtained by bringing together said complementary portions resulting from the positioning of said walls at their final location.
  • Figure 1 shows the execution of a building with a two-slope roof.
  • the building is mainly produced by means of two prefabricated elements constituted by two gable walls A1, A2 in which are made reservations such as openings 1, 2, and two other prefabricated elements constituted by two side walls A3, A4 placed face to face and each of which is formed in one piece with one of the sections B3, B4, respectively, called to constitute the roof of said building.
  • the rectangular sections B3, B4 have an inclination corresponding to that of the upper edges of the gables on which they are intended to rest, and they are attached to the top of the walls A3, A4, respectively. It is understood that after positioning the walls A1, A2, A3, A4 so that they can be assembled by means of their adjacent vertical edges, the sections B3, B4 rest on the gables of said walls A1, A2 and meet by their parallel upper edges constituting a ridge edge.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 differs from the previous one only in that the bays 1, 2, 3, are not provided in the gable walls A7, A8, but in the front wall A5 and in the wall side A6 arranged opposite.
  • the latter are each formed in one piece with a rectangular plate B5, B6, respectively, angularly arranged and intended to constitute one of the sections of the future roof.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a small building comprising a roof with two slopes which, in this case, comprises two triangular sections which join by forming an inclined edge.
  • This building is carried out, mainly, by means of four prefabricated elements, each of which consists of a wall formed in one piece with a triangular portion complementary to the future roof.
  • the walls A9 and A12 intended to be assembled by forming a right dihedral have a generally rectangular shape and they are attached, by their top, to an inclined triangular portion B9, B12, respectively, of the future roof.
  • the adjoining walls A10, A11 have a trapezoidal shape and are attached, by their sloping upper edge, to an inclined triangular portion B10, B11, respectively, of the future roof.
  • the union of the roof portions B9 and B10 forms one of the triangular sections of said roof, the second triangular section of which results from the bringing together of the other two roof portions B11 and B12.
  • the triangular sections B9-B10 and B11-B12 meet by their inclined upper edge, thus forming a sloping ridge edge.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the application of the method of the invention to the construction of a small building with a flat roof.
  • this building is obtained by assembling four prefabricated elements comprising: two front walls A13, A15 and two side walls A14, A16.
  • the walls A14, A16 arranged face to face are each made up of a single piece with a rectangular portion B14, B16, respectively, of the future roof, said rectangular portions being attached to the top of said walls and forming, with the latter, a right dihedral.
  • Each rectangular portion B14, B16 corresponds to the half-surface of the roof and, it is advantageously molded with part of the acrotery 4a - 4b, respectively, of the building.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show another application of the method according to the invention to the production of a small building with a four-pitched roof.
  • the building is executed, mainly, by means of four prefabricated elements each comprising a wall A17, A18, A19, A20 of quadrangular shape (rectangular or square) and consisting of a single piece with an inclined triangular portion B17, B18, B19, B20, respectively, of the future roof, said complementary triangular portions being attached to the top of said walls.
  • the steep triangular portions B17, B18, B19, B20 join together to form inclined edges; each of said triangular portions constituting one of the sections of the roof (FIG. 6).
  • the prefabricated elements used for the implementation of the method according to the invention are executed in reinforced concrete, by means of all materials, materials and conventional or adequate methods.
  • Racks 1, 2, 3, ..., or other reservations, are made during the molding of the elements.
  • the prefabricated elements intended to constitute the walls and the roof of the building are placed in abutment on a raft composed of two rectangular elements 5a, 5b joined by one of their longitudinal edges and assembled using any suitable method (for example by pouring concrete or by gluing).
  • the base of the walls is housed and fixed by gluing in a groove 6 formed in the vicinity of the periphery of the raft 5a - 5b, after the latter has been placed in the bottom of the excavation carried out for this purpose.
  • a groove 6 formed in the vicinity of the periphery of the raft 5a - 5b, after the latter has been placed in the bottom of the excavation carried out for this purpose.
  • the vertical edges of walls A are exe cut with an oblique or bevelled surface 7, at an angle of 45 °, so as to allow their assembly at a right angle or in a miter.
  • a rebate 8 is formed in the bevelled vertical edges of the walls A, so that, when the latter are joined, a vertical well 9 is created at each of the corners of the building.
  • a groove 10 or a hole is provided in the roof portions B, above each rebate 8, so that after assembly of the elements, the meeting of two adjoining grooves (when each wall is integral with a roof portion ), or this hole (when only two walls are formed in one piece with a roof portion), constitutes an access orifice to the underlying well 9.
  • the vertical edges of the walls are equipped with additional mechanical assembly means intended to promote the bringing together of said edges during the positioning of said walls and to keep them firmly in pressure against each other, when pouring the concrete joint. As illustrated in FIG.
  • these means can be constituted: - on the one hand, by threaded rods 11 anchored at different levels of one of the edges of each pair of vertical edges to be joined; these threaded rods being arranged horizontally and parallel to the wall which carries them; - on the other hand, by holes 12 reserved in the other edge of each vertical couple to be assembled, in correspondence of the rods 11; these holes having a horizontal axis oriented perpendicular to the wall in which they are formed.
  • the horizontal rods 11 are introduced into the holes 12, and nuts 13 which are screwed onto the threaded portion of the said rods and which bear on a shoulder 12a which each of the said holes has, allow the adjoining edges of the walls to be brought together well arranged and keep them firmly pressed against each other.
  • the fixing elements anchored (threaded rods) or embedded (nuts) in the prefabricated elements facilitate, later, the installation of electrical appliances or machines or from their boxes.
  • tapped sleeves (not shown) with a vertical axis are preferably embedded in the upper part of the prefabricated elements, during their casting, in order to allow their rapid and detachable attachment to slings or other device. for lifting and handling equipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

Method of constructing small buildings such as, for example, transformer houses, by means of joining together prefabricated elements adapted to form the walls (A1, A2, A3, A4) of the said buildings, characterised in that at least two of the said walls (A3, A4) are each made in one piece with a plate (B3, B4) arranged angularly and forming a complementary portion of the future roof, which is obtained by putting together the said complementary portions resulting from the positioning of the said walls in their final location. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de construction de petits bâtiments tels que, par exemple, cabines de transformateur, abris, vestiaires de plein air, buvettes, lieux d'aisances publics, etc... Elle vise également les bâtiments obtenus par la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The present invention relates to a method of constructing small buildings such as, for example, transformer cabins, shelters, outdoor changing rooms, refreshment stalls, public restrooms, etc. It also relates to the buildings obtained by the implementation work of this process.

Certains petits bâtiments tels que, par exemple, ceux qui abritent les transformateurs pourraient très avantageusement être préfabriqués en usine, puis transportés et installés sur leur lieu d'utilisation. Cependant, cette solution n'est pas retenue en pratique, car ces bâtiments, bien que de dimensions relativement réduites (par exemple de l'ordre de 4 x 4 m), sont trop encombrants pour pouvoir être transportés par voie routière. Ils sont donc maçonnés et couverts sur place, à l'aide de matériaux traditionnels tels que briques, moellons, pièces de charpente, matériaux de couverture, etc.Certain small buildings such as, for example, those which house transformers could very advantageously be prefabricated in the factory, then transported and installed at their place of use. However, this solution is not retained in practice, because these buildings, although of relatively small dimensions (for example of the order of 4 x 4 m), are too bulky to be able to be transported by road. They are therefore masonry and covered on site, using traditional materials such as bricks, rubble stone, structural parts, roofing materials, etc.

On conçoit que les bâtiments construits au moyen de procédés artisanaux classiques sont relativement coûteux, qu'ils nécessitent un temps de construction et d'équipement ultérieur assez long, que leur délai d'exécution est très fortement exposé à des allongements dûs aux intempéries.It is understood that the buildings constructed by conventional artisanal processes are relatively expensive, that they require a fairly long time of construction and subsequent equipment, that their execution time is very strongly exposed to lengthening due to bad weather.

La présente invention a donc principalement pour but de concevoir un procédé de construction industrialisée de petits bâtiments, permettant de s'affranchir d'un certain nombres de contraintes inhérentes aux procédés de construction artisanaux classiques.The main object of the present invention is therefore to design an industrialized construction method for small buildings, making it possible to overcome a certain number of constraints inherent in conventional artisanal construction methods.

Selon l'invention, cet objectif est atteint grâce a- un procédé de construction principalement remarquable par le fait que les bâtiments sont réalisés au moyen de l'assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués aptes à constituer les murs desdits bâtiments; deux au moins des murs étant constitués, chacun, d'une seule pièce avec une plaque disposée angulairement et destinée à former une portion du futur toit, de sorte que le positionnement et l'assemblage desdits murs permettent de réaliser automatiquement la totalité dudit toit.According to the invention, this objective is achieved thanks to- a construction method mainly remarkable by the fact that the buildings are produced by means of the assembly of prefabricated elements capable of constituting the walls of said buildings; at least two of the walls being constituted, each one, in one piece with a plate arranged angularly and intended to form a portion of the future roof, so that the positioning and the assembly of said walls allow the entire said roof to be produced automatically.

Ce procédé de construction offre plusieurs avantages. Il permet la préfabrication économique, en atelier, des éléments constitutifs des bâtiments, dans les meilleures conditions possibles de travail et de sécurité ; ces éléments pouvant être ensuite rapidement et facilement transportés et assemblés sur le lieu d'utilisation.This construction process offers several advantages. It allows the economic prefabrication, in the workshop, of the constituent elements of buildings, in the best possible working and safety conditions; these elements can then be quickly and easily transported and assembled at the place of use.

Il nécessite l'emploi d'un nombre réduit d'éléments de gros oeuvre lesquels peuvent être aisément transportés et commodément manutentionnés à l'aide de petits engins de levage de faible puissance eux-mêmes facilement transportables. Il permet d'incorporer aux éléments, lors de leur préfabrication en atelier, un certain nombre d'organes ou de dispositifs accessoires souhaitables dont la nature est fonction de la destination des bâtiments. Il rend possible un meilleur respect des délais d'exécution, compte tenu du fait que le toit se trouve mis en place dès que les murs sont positionnés et que certains travaux peuvent être ainsi exécutés à l'abri de la toiture en cas de précipitations atmosphériques ou de forte insolation.It requires the use of a reduced number of structural elements which can be easily transported and conveniently handled using small lifting devices of low power which are themselves easily transportable. It makes it possible to incorporate into the elements, during their prefabrication in the workshop, a certain number of desirable organs or accessory devices, the nature of which depends on the destination of the buildings. It makes possible better compliance with execution times, taking into account the fact that the roof is in place as soon as the walls are positioned and that certain works can thus be carried out away from the roof in the event of atmospheric precipitation or strong sunstroke.

Ces buts, caractéristiques et avantages, et d'autres encore, ressortiront mieux de la description qui suit et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective, avant assemblage, des éléments préfabriqués de surface agencés pour permettre la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention pour la construction d'un petit bâtiment à toiture à deux pans rectangulaires.
  • La figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 et qui ne diffère de cette dernière que par un changement d'affectation des murs pignon et des murs latéraux.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en perspective, avant assemblage, des éléments préfabriqués de surface agencés pour autoriser la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention pour la réalisation d'un petit bâtiment à toiture à deux pans triangulaires.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en perspective, avant assemblage, des éléments préfabriqués de surface permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention pour l'exécution d'un petit bâtiment à toiture plate.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en perspective, avant assemblage, des éléments préfabriqués de surface permettant la mise en oeuvre de l'invention pour la construction d'un petit bâtiment à toiture à quatre pentes.
  • La figure 6 montre, en vue perspective, les éléments préfabriqués de surface illustrés à la figure 5, après leur assemblage permettant d'obtenir un bâtiment à toiture à quatre pans.
  • La figure 7 est une vue en coupe verticale passant par le centre du bâtiment obtenu à l'aide des éléments préfabriqués spéciaux représentés aux figure 5 et 6.
  • La figure 8 est une vue de détail, en perspective, montrant la conformation particulière des bords verticaux des éléments préfabriqués de surface.
  • La figure 9 est une vue de détail, en coupe horizontale, illustrant la jonction des bords verticaux de deux murs attenants assemblés à angle droit.
  • La figure 10 est une vue de détail, en coupe horizontale, montrant un exemple d'organe de fixation incorporé à la paroi verticale ou mur d'un élément préfabriqué.
These aims, characteristics and advantages, and others still, will emerge more clearly from the description which follows and from the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view, before assembly, of the prefabricated surface elements arranged to allow the implementation of the method of the invention for the construction of a small building with a roof with two rectangular sides.
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 and which differs from the latter only by a change of allocation of the gable walls and the side walls.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view, before assembly, of the prefabricated surface elements arranged to allow the implementation of the method of the invention for the realization of a small building with a roof with two triangular sides.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view, before assembly, of the prefabricated surface elements allowing the implementation of the method of the invention for the execution of a small building with a flat roof.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view, before assembly, of the prefabricated surface elements allowing the implementation of the invention for the construction of a small building with a roof with four slopes.
  • Figure 6 shows, in perspective view, the prefabricated surface elements illustrated in Figure 5, after their assembly to obtain a building with a four-sided roof.
  • FIG. 7 is a view in vertical section passing through the center of the building obtained using the special prefabricated elements shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • Figure 8 is a detailed perspective view showing the particular configuration of the vertical edges of the prefabricated surface elements.
  • Figure 9 is a detail view, in horizontal section, illustrating the junction of the vertical edges of two adjoining walls assembled at right angles.
  • Figure 10 is a detail view, in horizontal section, showing an example of a fastening member incorporated into the vertical wall or wall of a prefabricated element.

On se reporte auxdits dessins pour décrire des exemples de mises en oeuvre intéressants, quoique nullement limitatifs, du procédé de construction selon l'invention.Reference is made to said drawings to describe examples of interesting, although in no way limiting, implementations of the construction method according to the invention.

Suivant ce procédé, on exécute un petit bâtiment au moyen de l'assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués aptes à constituer les murs dudit bâtiment, deux au moins desdits murs étant formés, chacun, d'une seule pièce avec une portion complémentaire du futur toit lequel est obtenu par la réunion desdites portions complémentaires résultant du positionnement desdits murs à leur emplacement définitif.According to this method, a small building is executed by means of the assembly of prefabricated elements capable of constituting the walls of said building, at least two of said walls being each formed in one piece with a complementary portion of the future roof which is obtained by bringing together said complementary portions resulting from the positioning of said walls at their final location.

La figure 1 montre l'exécution d'un bâtiment comportant une toiture à deux pentes. Suivant cet exemple, le bâtiment est principalement réalisé au moyen de deux éléments préfabriqués constitués par deux murs pignons Al, A2 dans lesquels sont ménagées des réservations telles que baies 1, 2, et de deux autres éléments préfabriqués constitués par deux murs latéraux A3, A4 placés face à face et dont chacun est formé d'une seule pièce avec l'un des pans B3, B4, respectivement, appelés à constituer le toit dudit bâtiment. Les pans rectangulaires B3, B4 ont une inclinaison correspondant à celle des bords supérieurs des pignons sur lesquels ils sont destinés à reposer, et ils sont rattachés au sommet des murs A3, A4, respectivement. On conçoit qu'après positionnement des murs Al, A2, A3, A4 de manière qu'ils puissent être assemblés aux moyens de leurs bords verticaux adjacents, les pans B3, B4 reposent sur les pignons desdits murs Al, A2 et se rejoignent par leur bords supérieurs parallèles en constituant une arête faitière.Figure 1 shows the execution of a building with a two-slope roof. According to this example, the building is mainly produced by means of two prefabricated elements constituted by two gable walls A1, A2 in which are made reservations such as openings 1, 2, and two other prefabricated elements constituted by two side walls A3, A4 placed face to face and each of which is formed in one piece with one of the sections B3, B4, respectively, called to constitute the roof of said building. The rectangular sections B3, B4 have an inclination corresponding to that of the upper edges of the gables on which they are intended to rest, and they are attached to the top of the walls A3, A4, respectively. It is understood that after positioning the walls A1, A2, A3, A4 so that they can be assembled by means of their adjacent vertical edges, the sections B3, B4 rest on the gables of said walls A1, A2 and meet by their parallel upper edges constituting a ridge edge.

Il ne reste plus alors, qu'à procéder à la liaison définitive des éléments assemblés, par exemple de la manière décrite dans la suite du présent exposé.It then only remains to proceed to the final connection of the assembled elements, for example in the manner described in the rest of this presentation.

Le mode d'exécution illustré à la figure 2 ne diffère du précédent que par le fait que les baies 1, 2, 3, ne sont pas ménagées dans les murs pignons A7, A8, mais dans le mur de façade A5 et dans le mur latéral A6 disposés en vis-à-vis. Ces derniers sont formés, chacun, d'une seule pièce avec une plaque rectangulaire B5, B6, respectivement, disposée angulairement et destinée à constituer l'un des pans du futur toit.The embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 differs from the previous one only in that the bays 1, 2, 3, are not provided in the gable walls A7, A8, but in the front wall A5 and in the wall side A6 arranged opposite. The latter are each formed in one piece with a rectangular plate B5, B6, respectively, angularly arranged and intended to constitute one of the sections of the future roof.

La figure 3 montre un autre mode d'exécution d'un petit bâtiment comportant un toit à deux pentes qui, dans ce cas, comprend deux pans triangulaires se joignant en formant une arête inclinée. Ce bâtiment est réalisé, principalement, au moyen de quatre éléments préfabriqués dont chacun est constitué par un mur formé d'une seule pièce avec une portion triangulaire complémentaire de la future toiture. Les murs A9 et A12 destinés à être assemblés en formant un dièdre droit, ont une forme générale rectangulaire et ils sont rattachés, par leur sommet, à une portion triangulaire inclinée B9, B12, respectivement, de la future toiture. D'autre part, les murs attenants A10, A11 ont une forme trapézoidale et sont rattachés, par leur bord supérieur penté,à une portion triangulaire inclinée B10, B11, respectivement, de la future toiture.FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a small building comprising a roof with two slopes which, in this case, comprises two triangular sections which join by forming an inclined edge. This building is carried out, mainly, by means of four prefabricated elements, each of which consists of a wall formed in one piece with a triangular portion complementary to the future roof. The walls A9 and A12 intended to be assembled by forming a right dihedral, have a generally rectangular shape and they are attached, by their top, to an inclined triangular portion B9, B12, respectively, of the future roof. On the other hand, the adjoining walls A10, A11 have a trapezoidal shape and are attached, by their sloping upper edge, to an inclined triangular portion B10, B11, respectively, of the future roof.

Après assemblage des quatre éléments préfabriqués ainsi exécutés, la réunion des portions de toit B9 et B10 forme l'un des pans triangulaire dudit toit dont le second pan triangulaire résulte du rapprochement des deux autres portions de toit B11 et B12. Après mise en place, les pans triangulaires B9-B10 et B11-B12 se rejoignent par leur bord supérieur incliné en formant ainsi une arête faitière pentée.After assembly of the four prefabricated elements thus executed, the union of the roof portions B9 and B10 forms one of the triangular sections of said roof, the second triangular section of which results from the bringing together of the other two roof portions B11 and B12. After installation, the triangular sections B9-B10 and B11-B12 meet by their inclined upper edge, thus forming a sloping ridge edge.

La figure 4 illustre l'application du procédé de l'invention à la construction d'un petit bâtiment doté d'une toiture plate. Suivant l'exemple représenté, ce bâtiment est obtenu par l'assemblage de quatre éléments préfabriqués comprenant : deux murs de façade A13, A15 et deux murs latéraux A14, A16. Les murs A14, A16 disposés face à face sont, chacun, constitués d'une seule pièce avec une portion rectangulaire B14, B16, respectivement, de la future toiture, lesdites portions rectangulaires étant rattachées au sommet desdits murs et formant, avec ces derniers, un dièdre droit. Chaque portion rectangulaire B14, B16 correspond à la demi-surface de la toiture et, elle est avantageusement moulée avec une partie de l'acrotère 4a - 4b, respectivement, du bâtiment.Figure 4 illustrates the application of the method of the invention to the construction of a small building with a flat roof. According to the example shown, this building is obtained by assembling four prefabricated elements comprising: two front walls A13, A15 and two side walls A14, A16. The walls A14, A16 arranged face to face are each made up of a single piece with a rectangular portion B14, B16, respectively, of the future roof, said rectangular portions being attached to the top of said walls and forming, with the latter, a right dihedral. Each rectangular portion B14, B16 corresponds to the half-surface of the roof and, it is advantageously molded with part of the acrotery 4a - 4b, respectively, of the building.

On a représenté, aux figures 5 à 7, une autre application du procédé selon l'invention à la réalisation d'un petit bâtiment dôté d'un toit à quatre pentes. Dans ce cas, le bâtiment est exécuté, principalement, au moyen de quatre éléments préfabriqués comprenant, chacun, un mur A17,A18, A19, A20 de forme quadrangulaire (rectangulaire ou carrée) et constitué d'une seule pièce avec une portion triangulaire inclinée B17, B18, B19, B20, respectivement, de la future toiture, lesdites portions triangulaires complémentaires étant rattachées au sommet desdits murs. Après rapprochement et assemblage des éléments préfabriqués ainsi réalisés, les portions triangulaires pentées B17, B18, B19, B20 se joignent en formant des arêtes inclinées ; chacune desdites portions triangulaires constituant l'un des pans de la toiture (figure 6).FIGS. 5 to 7 show another application of the method according to the invention to the production of a small building with a four-pitched roof. In this case, the building is executed, mainly, by means of four prefabricated elements each comprising a wall A17, A18, A19, A20 of quadrangular shape (rectangular or square) and consisting of a single piece with an inclined triangular portion B17, B18, B19, B20, respectively, of the future roof, said complementary triangular portions being attached to the top of said walls. After bringing together and assembling the prefabricated elements thus produced, the steep triangular portions B17, B18, B19, B20 join together to form inclined edges; each of said triangular portions constituting one of the sections of the roof (FIG. 6).

Les éléments préfabriqués utilisés pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention sont exécutés en béton armé, au moyen de tous matériaux, matériels et méthodes classiques ou adéquats. Les baies 1, 2, 3, ..., ou autres réservations, sont réalisées lors du moulage des éléments. Les éléments préfabriqués destinés à constituer les murs et la toiture du bâtiment sont placés en appui sur un radier composé de deux éléments rectangulaires 5a, 5b accolés par l'un de leurs bords longitudinaux et assemblés à l'aide de tout procédé convenable (par exemple par coulage de béton ou par collage).The prefabricated elements used for the implementation of the method according to the invention are executed in reinforced concrete, by means of all materials, materials and conventional or adequate methods. Racks 1, 2, 3, ..., or other reservations, are made during the molding of the elements. The prefabricated elements intended to constitute the walls and the roof of the building are placed in abutment on a raft composed of two rectangular elements 5a, 5b joined by one of their longitudinal edges and assembled using any suitable method (for example by pouring concrete or by gluing).

De manière avantageuse, la base des murs est logée et fixée par collage dans une gorge 6 ménagée au voisinage de la périphérie du radier 5a - 5b, après que ce dernier ait été mis en place dans le fond de la fouille exécutée à cet effet. De la sorte, il est possible de positionner très précisément les éléments préfabriqués en vue de leur assemblage et de leur jonction définitive.Advantageously, the base of the walls is housed and fixed by gluing in a groove 6 formed in the vicinity of the periphery of the raft 5a - 5b, after the latter has been placed in the bottom of the excavation carried out for this purpose. In this way, it is possible to very precisely position the prefabricated elements for their assembly and their final junction.

Comme illustré aux figures 8 et 9, les bords verticaux des murs A sont exécutés avec une surface 7 oblique ou biseautée, suivant un angle de 45°,de façon à permettre leur assemblage à angle droit ou en onglet. En outre, une feuillure 8 est ménagée dans les bords verticaux biseautés des murs A, de sorte que, lors de la jonction de ces derniers, un puits vertical 9 est créé à chacun des angles du bâtiment. Une gorge 10 ou un trou est ménagée dans les portions de toit B, au-dessus de chaque feuillure 8, de sorte qu'après assemblage des éléments, la réunion de deux gorges attenantes (lorsque chaque mur est solidaire d'une portion de toit), ou ce trou (lorsque deux murs seulement sont formés d'une seule pièce avec une portion de toit), constitue un orifice d'accès au puits 9 sous-jacent. Après positionnement des éléments préfabriqués de surface sur le radier 5a - 5b, et après avoir installé des fers d'armature (non représentés) dans les puits 9, on procède au coulage, dans ces derniers, d'un joint de béton ou autre matériau assurant la liaison définitive desdits éléments, De manière avantageuse, les bords verticaux des murs sont équipés de moyens complémentaires d'assemblage mécanique destinés à favoriser le rapprochement desdits bords lors du positionnement desdits murs et à les maintenir fermement en pression les uns contre les autres, lors du coulage du joint de béton. Comme illustré à la figure 9, ces moyens peuvent être constitués : - d'une part, par des tiges filetées 11 ancrées à différents niveaux de l'un des bords de chaque couple de bords verticaux à joindre ; ces tiges filetées étant disposées horizontalement et parallèlement au mur qui les porte ; - d'autre part, par des trous 12 réservés dans l'autre bord de chaque couple verticaux à assembler, en correspondance des tiges 11 ; ces trous ayant un axe horizontal orienté perpendiculairement au mur dans lequel ils sont ménagés.As illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the vertical edges of walls A are exe cut with an oblique or bevelled surface 7, at an angle of 45 °, so as to allow their assembly at a right angle or in a miter. In addition, a rebate 8 is formed in the bevelled vertical edges of the walls A, so that, when the latter are joined, a vertical well 9 is created at each of the corners of the building. A groove 10 or a hole is provided in the roof portions B, above each rebate 8, so that after assembly of the elements, the meeting of two adjoining grooves (when each wall is integral with a roof portion ), or this hole (when only two walls are formed in one piece with a roof portion), constitutes an access orifice to the underlying well 9. After positioning the prefabricated surface elements on the raft 5a - 5b, and after having installed reinforcing bars (not shown) in the wells 9, a concrete or other material joint is poured into the wells. ensuring the final connection of said elements, Advantageously, the vertical edges of the walls are equipped with additional mechanical assembly means intended to promote the bringing together of said edges during the positioning of said walls and to keep them firmly in pressure against each other, when pouring the concrete joint. As illustrated in FIG. 9, these means can be constituted: - on the one hand, by threaded rods 11 anchored at different levels of one of the edges of each pair of vertical edges to be joined; these threaded rods being arranged horizontally and parallel to the wall which carries them; - on the other hand, by holes 12 reserved in the other edge of each vertical couple to be assembled, in correspondence of the rods 11; these holes having a horizontal axis oriented perpendicular to the wall in which they are formed.

Lors de l'assemblage, les tiges horizontales 11 sont introduites dans les trous 12, et des écrous 13 se vissant sur la portion filetée desdites tiges et prenant appui sur un épaulement 12a que présente chacun desdits trous, permettent de rapprocher les bords attenants des murs ainsi agencés et de les maintenir fermement pressés l'un contre l'autre.During assembly, the horizontal rods 11 are introduced into the holes 12, and nuts 13 which are screwed onto the threaded portion of the said rods and which bear on a shoulder 12a which each of the said holes has, allow the adjoining edges of the walls to be brought together well arranged and keep them firmly pressed against each other.

La jonction définitive des portions de toit et l'étanchéité de cette jonction sont obtenues par collage des bords contigus desdites portions, par exemple à l'aide de résines convenant au collage du béton, de telles résines étant maintenant d'un emploi courant dans le domaine de la construction. L'étanchéité peut être améliorée par la pose de tuiles arêtières 14 (figure 7). Un autre avantage du procédé de construction suivant l'invention est qu'il permet d'incorporer aux éléments préfabriqués, lors du coulage de ces derniers, divers organes de fixation ou des accessoires variés dont la nature est fonction de la destination du futur bâtiment, ces organes ou accessoires étant partiellement ou entièrement noyés dans l'épaisseur desdits éléments. Ainsi, on a représenté à la figure 10, à titre d'exemple seulement, un écrou 15 noyé dans le mur A et destiné à coopérer avec une vis de fixation (non illustrée).The final junction of the roof portions and the sealing of this junction are obtained by bonding the contiguous edges of said portions, for example using resins suitable for bonding concrete, such resins are now in common use in the construction field. Waterproofing tee can be improved by laying hip tiles 14 (figure 7). Another advantage of the construction method according to the invention is that it makes it possible to incorporate into the prefabricated elements, during the casting of the latter, various fixing members or various accessories, the nature of which depends on the destination of the future building, these organs or accessories being partially or entirely embedded in the thickness of said elements. Thus, there is shown in Figure 10, by way of example only, a nut 15 embedded in the wall A and intended to cooperate with a fixing screw (not shown).

Si l'on se réfère à une affectation du futur bâtiment à la construction d'un transformateur, les organes de fixation ancrés (tiges filetées) ou noyés (écrous) dans les éléments préfabriqués facilitent, ultérieurement, la pose des appareils ou machines électriques ou de leurs boitiers.If one refers to an assignment of the future building to the construction of a transformer, the fixing elements anchored (threaded rods) or embedded (nuts) in the prefabricated elements facilitate, later, the installation of electrical appliances or machines or from their boxes.

Enfin, de façon connue en soi, des douilles taraudées (non représentées) à axe vertical sont, de préférence, noyées dans la partie supérieure des éléments préfabriqués, lors de leur coulage, afin de permettre leur fixation rapide et détachable aux élingues ou autre dispositif d'attache des appareils de levage et de manutention.Finally, in a manner known per se, tapped sleeves (not shown) with a vertical axis are preferably embedded in the upper part of the prefabricated elements, during their casting, in order to allow their rapid and detachable attachment to slings or other device. for lifting and handling equipment.

Claims (10)

1 . Procédé de construction de petits bâtiments tels que, par exemple, les cabines de transformateur, au moyen de l'assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués aptes à constituer les murs (A1, A2, A3, A4) desdits bâtiments, caractérisé en ce que deux au moins desdits murs (A3, A4) sont exécutés, chacun, d'une seule pièce avec une plaque (B3, B4) disposée angulairement et constituant une portion complémentaire du futur toit lequel est obtenu par la réunion desdites portions complémentaires résultant du positionnement desdits murs à leur emplacement définitif.1. Method of constructing small buildings such as, for example, transformer cabins, by means of the assembly of prefabricated elements capable of constituting the walls (A1, A2, A3, A4) of said buildings, characterized in that two at fewer of said walls (A3, A4) are each executed in one piece with a plate (B3, B4) arranged angularly and constituting a complementary portion of the future roof which is obtained by the union of said complementary portions resulting from the positioning of said walls in their final location. 2 . Procédé de construction selon la revendication 1 appliqué à la réalisation de petits bâtiments comportant un toit à deux pentes rectangulaires, caractérisé en ce que deux des éléments préfabriqués sont constitués par un mur (A5, A6) formé d'une seule pièce avec un pan rectangulaire incliné (B5, B6), lesdits deux éléments préfabriqués étant placés face à face, de façon que lesdits pans (B5, B6) puissent être assemblés par leurs bords supérieurs constituant l'arête faîtière.2. Construction method according to claim 1 applied to the production of small buildings having a roof with two rectangular slopes, characterized in that two of the prefabricated elements consist of a wall (A5, A6) formed in one piece with a rectangular panel inclined (B5, B6), said two prefabricated elements being placed face to face, so that said sides (B5, B6) can be assembled by their upper edges constituting the ridge edge. 3 . Procédé de construction suivant la revendication 1 appliqué à l'exécution de petits bâtiments comportant un toit à deux pentes triangulaires, caractérisé en ce que lesdits bâtiments sont réalisés au moyen de quatre éléments préfabriqués de surface constitués, chacun, d'un mur (A9, A10, A11, A12) formé d'une seule pièce avec une portion triangulaire inclinée (B9, B10, Bll, B12) du futur toit, deux desdits murs (A9, A12) ayant une forme rectangulaire, tandis que les deux autres murs (A10, A11) ont la forme d'un trapèze et sont rattachés, par leur côté incliné, à une portion triangulaire de toit.3. Construction method according to claim 1 applied to the execution of small buildings comprising a roof with two triangular slopes, characterized in that said buildings are produced by means of four prefabricated surface elements each consisting of a wall (A9, A10, A11, A12) formed in one piece with an inclined triangular portion (B9, B10, Bll, B12) of the future roof, two of said walls (A9, A12) having a rectangular shape, while the other two walls ( A10, A11) have the shape of a trapezoid and are attached, by their inclined side, to a triangular portion of the roof. 4 . Procédé de construction selon la revendication 1 appliqué à la réalisation de petits bâtiments comportant un toit plat, caractérisé en ce que deux des éléments préfabriqués de surface sont constitués par un mur (A14, A16) formé d'une seule pièce avec une portion rectangulaire (B14, 316) du futur toit, ladite portion rectangulaire formant un dièdre droit avec ledit mur.4. Construction method according to claim 1 applied to the production of small buildings having a flat roof, characterized in that two of the prefabricated surface elements consist of a wall (A14, A16) formed in one piece with a rectangular portion ( B14, 316) of the future roof, said rectangular portion forming a right dihedral with said wall. 5 . Procédé de construction suivant la revendication 1 appliqué à l'exécution de petits bâtiments comportant un toit à quatre pentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits bâtiments sont réalisés au moyen de l'assemblage de quatre éléments préfabriqués de surface constitués, chacun, d'un mur (A17, A18, A19,A20) de forme quadrangulaire et formé d'une seule pièce avec une portion triangulaire inclinée (B17, B18, B19, B20) de la future toiture.5. Construction method according to claim 1 applied to the execution of small buildings with a four-pitched roof, characterized in that said buildings are made by assembling four prefabricated surface elements, each consisting of a wall (A17, A18, A19, A20) of quadrangular shape and formed in one piece with an inclined triangular portion (B17, B18, B19, B20) of the future roof. 6 . Procédé de construction de petits bâtiments suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, selon lequel les éléments de surface (A17-B17, A18-B18, A19-B19, A20-B20) sont placés en appui sur un radier (5a, 5b), caractérisé en ce que la base desdits éléments est logée dans une gorge (6) ménagée dans ledit radier, à proximité du bord de ce dernier.6. Method of constructing small buildings according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, according to which the surface elements (A17-B17, A18-B18, A19-B19, A20-B20) are placed on a raft (5a, 5b), characterized in that the base of said elements is housed in a groove (6) formed in said raft, near the edge of the latter. 7 . Procédé de construction de petits bâtiments selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les bords verticaux des murs (A) sont exécutés avec une surface (7) oblique ou biseautée suivant un angle de 45°, et avec une feuillure (8), de façon à permettre la jonction à angle droit ou en onglet desdits murs et la création de puits verticaux (9) aux angles desdits bâtiments, dans lesquels est coulé un joint de béton ou autre matériau, après positionnement des éléments préfabriqués de surface.7. Method for constructing small buildings according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the vertical edges of the walls (A) are executed with an oblique or bevelled surface (7) at an angle of 45 °, and with a rebate (8), so as to allow the junction at right angles or in miter of said walls and the creation of vertical shafts (9) at the corners of said buildings, in which is poured a joint of concrete or other material, after positioning of the prefabricated elements of surface. 8 . Procédé de construction suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les bords verticaux des murs (A) sont dotés de moyens complémentaires d'assemblage mécanique (11, 12, 13) permettant leur rapprochement et assurant leur maintien en contact durant la coulée des joints de béton ou autre matériau dans les puits (9) ; lesdits moyens d'assemblage étant, par exemple, constitués par des tiges filetées (11) équipant l'un des bords de chaque couple de bords verticaux à joindre dont le second bord est pourvu de trous (12) pour le passage de la portion filetée desdites tiges destinée à la réception d'un écrou de serrage (13).8. Construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that the vertical edges of the walls (A) are provided with complementary mechanical assembly means (11, 12, 13) allowing their approximation and ensuring their maintenance in contact during the casting of the joints concrete or other material in the wells (9); said assembly means being, for example, constituted by threaded rods (11) equipping one of the edges of each pair of vertical edges to be joined, the second edge of which is provided with holes (12) for the passage of the threaded portion said rods intended for the reception of a tightening nut (13). 9 . Procédé de construction suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que des organes de fixation (15) ou des accessoires ou équipements divers sont ancrés ou noyés dans les éléments préfabriqués (A), lors du coulage de ces derniers.9. Construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that fixing members (15) or various accessories or equipment are anchored or embedded in the prefabricated elements (A), during the casting of the latter. 10 . Petits bâtiments tels que cabines de transformateur, abris, vestiaires de plein air, buvettes, lieux d'aisances publics, caractérisé en ce qu'ils sont exécutés au moyen du procédé et des éléments préfabriqués selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.10. Small buildings such as transformer cabins, shelters, changing rooms open air, refreshments, public restrooms, characterized in that they are executed by means of the method and prefabricated elements according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
EP84430014A 1983-05-09 1984-05-21 Method of constructing small buildings, and buildings obtained by carrying out the method Withdrawn EP0161370A1 (en)

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FR8307845A FR2545858A1 (en) 1983-05-09 1983-05-09 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SMALL BUILDINGS OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS
EP84430014A EP0161370A1 (en) 1983-05-09 1984-05-21 Method of constructing small buildings, and buildings obtained by carrying out the method

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FR8307845A FR2545858A1 (en) 1983-05-09 1983-05-09 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SMALL BUILDINGS OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS
EP84430014A EP0161370A1 (en) 1983-05-09 1984-05-21 Method of constructing small buildings, and buildings obtained by carrying out the method

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2296022A (en) * 1994-12-14 1996-06-19 Turkington J H & Sons Blast-proof building
ES2116928A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-07-16 Schneider Electric Espana Sa System for constructing conversion and handling centres for electrical networks
ES2131480A1 (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-07-16 Schneider Electric Espana Sa Prefabricated concrete structure for an electrical transformer station
GB2381802A (en) * 2001-11-09 2003-05-14 William Magee Prefabricated structures
WO2007078204A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-07-12 Sigurd Fossland A method for production of a sheltering structure and a structure produced by the method
CN104420575A (en) * 2013-09-01 2015-03-18 孙善骏 Notch plate, bevel plate and jointed plate matched with cylindrical container combination unit combined body
CN104594670A (en) * 2014-08-21 2015-05-06 浙江省电力设计院 Building structure system of fabricated transformer substation
CN106088701A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-11-09 中国电力科学研究院 A kind of 35kV assembled intelligent substation building method

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CAHIER DU CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BAtIMENT no. 1788, juillet-août 1982, Paris, France; J. LUGEZ "L'id'éal Guillemin", pages 1-8 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2296022A (en) * 1994-12-14 1996-06-19 Turkington J H & Sons Blast-proof building
GB2296022B (en) * 1994-12-14 1998-04-08 Turkington J H & Sons Blast-proof building
ES2116928A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-07-16 Schneider Electric Espana Sa System for constructing conversion and handling centres for electrical networks
ES2131480A1 (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-07-16 Schneider Electric Espana Sa Prefabricated concrete structure for an electrical transformer station
GB2381802A (en) * 2001-11-09 2003-05-14 William Magee Prefabricated structures
GB2381802B (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-06-22 William Magee Prefabricated structures
WO2007078204A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-07-12 Sigurd Fossland A method for production of a sheltering structure and a structure produced by the method
CN104420575A (en) * 2013-09-01 2015-03-18 孙善骏 Notch plate, bevel plate and jointed plate matched with cylindrical container combination unit combined body
CN104594670A (en) * 2014-08-21 2015-05-06 浙江省电力设计院 Building structure system of fabricated transformer substation
CN106088701A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-11-09 中国电力科学研究院 A kind of 35kV assembled intelligent substation building method

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