EP0155282A1

EP0155282A1 - Process for cultivating and transporting epiphytal plant arrangements

Info

Publication number: EP0155282A1
Application number: EP84903192A
Authority: EP
Inventors: György MAKARA
Original assignee: INNOVATOR MERNOK KISSZOVETKEZET
Current assignee: INNOVATOR MERNOK KISSZOVETKEZET
Priority date: 1983-08-26
Filing date: 1984-08-24
Publication date: 1985-09-25
Also published as: FI851619A0; HU190147B; JPS61500001A; US4691472A; WO1985000953A1; FI851619L

Abstract

Pour la culture artificielle d'épiphytes, en particulier les orchidées, ou de leurs descendants hybrides et/ou intergénériques, on utilise traditionnellement des épiphytes préférés ou leurs descendants. Les épiphytes préférés (1) ou leurs descendants sont mis en liaison biologique durable avec l'écorce d'un arbre de base (2) vivant, âgé de plusieurs années et formant une écorce se lignifiant (il peut également provenir d'une autre région géographique, comme les épiphytes); en cas de nécessité, au moins la partie de l'arbre de base (2) utilisée pour créer la liaison biologique est conservée au moins en deux parties dans une pièce climatisée (8); la plante produite de cette manière est maintenue en vie en tant qu'ensemble et réutilisée en tout ou en partie. La plante peut être déplacée au moins temporairement. Les épiphytes ou leurs descendants sont amenés à leur lieu de destination selon les procédés de transport connus. L'invention prévoit d'utiliser pour le transport les épiphytes ou leurs descendants qui sont en liaison biologique durable avec l'écorce d'un arbre de base vivant; cette liaison est produite le cas échéant avant le transport et les arrangements de plantes ainsi produits peuvent être transportés.For the artificial cultivation of epiphytes, in particular orchids, or their hybrid and/or intergeneric descendants, preferred epiphytes or their descendants are traditionally used. The preferred epiphytes (1) or their descendants are placed in a lasting biological bond with the bark of a living basic tree (2), several years old and forming a lignifying bark (it can also come from another region geographical, such as epiphytes); if necessary, at least the part of the base tree (2) used to create the biological connection is kept at least in two parts in an air-conditioned room (8); the plant produced in this way is kept alive as a whole and reused in whole or in part. The plant can be moved at least temporarily. The epiphytes or their descendants are transported to their destination using known transport methods. The invention provides for using for transport epiphytes or their descendants which are in a lasting biological connection with the bark of a living basic tree; this connection is produced if necessary before transport and the plant arrangements thus produced can be transported.

Description

METHOD FOR GROWING AND TRANSPORTING EPIPHYTE PLANT ARRAIN NGEM E NTS

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for the artificial cultivation of epiphytes, in particular orchids, and their hybrid and / or intergeneric descendants using advanced epiphytes or their descendants. The invention further relates to the plant arrangements designed with the aid of epiphytes, in particular orchids, or their hybrid and / or intergeneric derivatives. Finally, the invention relates to a method for transporting the advanced epiphytes, in particular orchids, and their hybrid and / or intergeneric derivatives to the site their destination. In the description of the invention, the expression epiphyton is used below in the sense of a tree-dwelling plant. The focus of the invention is on orchids among the tree-dwelling plants, but also the other epiphytes, their hybrids or intergeneric derivatives are part of the subject of the invention. State of the art

For the artificial cultivation of the epiphytes, these are used in different mixed planting media and rooted there. The mixed planting media are composed of peat moss, the bark of American conifers, pam roots and fibers, charcoal, plastic, lava and other components. The epiphytes can then be arranged in the most variable way, for example in perforated flower pots, plastic baskets, nets, baskets made of wooden strips, placed on the table or even hung on a plastic surface. This artificial cultivation of epiphytes not only has the disadvantage that the planting medium, the substrate, is difficult to manufacture, its components are difficult to obtain, but the epiphytes held in the substrate have to be converted annually, the substrate has to be changed. When relocated, the roots suffer, become damaged and start to rot. The plant throws all of this back in development and in bloom. It follows that the regularly required implementation is costly and labor-intensive and also has disadvantages for the plant. It also has It has been shown that there are numerous beautiful epiphytes which, even with the most careful care and using the best mixing agents, cannot be kept alive artificially for a short time, sometimes not at all. It is a well-known fact that only about a third of the epiphytic orohids remain alive in artificial substrates. It can therefore be said that the problem of artificially raising and keeping epiphytes has not yet been satisfactorily solved. The same must be said in connection with the transport of epiphytes. The solution is to transport the artificially grown epiphytes together with the substrate in which they took root. However, there is an argument against this that, for reasons of plant protection, plant substrates or root balls together with the plant in them can either not be taken over the borders of most countries at all or can only be taken if very strict regulations are observed. The epiphytes, which do not stay alive in artificial substrates, can of course not be transported in this way.

But the transport of the epiphytes that have grown naturally in their natural habitat has not been solved either. In the tropics, the epiphytes are rooted in the tropical trees. These trees can of course not be moved or transported, so the plant must be separated from the tree, demolished. When the epiphytes are separated, they are injured, so that their transport and maintenance are complicated and often impossible. The plants are weakened during transport, many die. If the epiphytes are grown in the tropics, they are also transported over very long distances, because the place of sale and the final purpose is usually in an area with a non-tropical, for example temperate, climate. Up to now, increasing the aesthetic effect has been the almost exclusive motive for compiling plant arrangements, because in cultivation and recycling One of the most important factors of ornamental plants is their pleasing appearance and novelty. At exhibitions and in botanical gardens one can often observe that the epiphytes in artificial plant substrates are temporarily suspended from dead or even from living trees to increase the aesthetic effect. However, the effect that can be achieved in this way is greatly reduced by the fact that the equipment used for hanging and the artificial planting substrate cannot be made invisible. In addition, the epiphytes are particularly burdened by such a treatment, it is not good for them.

In connection with the artificial cultivation and keeping of epiphytes, the generally known fact must be mentioned that in their multiplication the shoot formation is of special importance. Some colored leaf and flower variants can only be passed on in this way because the offspring grown from seeds lose the characteristics of the mother plant. Perner are some special hybrids for fertilization, unable to produce seeds, they are sterile and can only be propagated vegetatively. Rooting the shoot in an artificial plant substrate often means an impossible task, which is a major obstacle to artificial propagation. Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention was therefore to elaborate a method for the artificial cultivation or transport of epiphytes, in particular orchids, and of their hybrid and / or intergeneric derivatives, which does not have the disadvantages of the solutions previously used, and by using them the circle of those for artificial Rearing and keeping as well as epiphytes suitable for transport can be significantly expanded, but the costs incurred can be reduced. The process should be simple and applicable under any climatic conditions.

The object of the invention was also the design of plant arrangements, to which a much broader Circle of epiphytes, in particular orchids, or of their hybrid and / or intergeneric descendants can be used than was previously the case. The plant arrangement to be designed is new, of high Sohmuok value and also corresponds better to the biological characteristics of the epiphytes.

To solve this complicated and complex task, the basic knowledge led that the difficulties in the artificial raising and transport of epiphytes, the problems with plant arrangements composed of epiphytes have a common root: in contrast to their natural living conditions, the epiphytes become in the artificial rearing and keeping, not kept on trees during transport. The further development according to the invention that the artificial rearing of epiphytes, in particular orchids, or of their hybrid and / or intergeneric descendants method now consists in the fact that advanced epiphytes or their descendants with the bark of a woody bark-forming, perennial, living base tree in permanent biological Connects, at least temporarily holds the part of the base tree used to create the biological connection in a climate-controlled part of the room, thereby creating a group of plants in root connection (plant arrangement) and keeping it alive as a whole and used in whole or in part. In another pall, one can proceed in such a way that the advanced epiphytes or their descendants are brought into a permanent biological connection with a base tree originating from a geographical area other than their natural habitat, thereby creating a group of plants that is rooted and that is alive as a whole preserved and reused in whole or in part. The greatest importance of this solution is that it significantly improves the living conditions of the epiphytes. The bark of the base tree and the decay products of the bark add substances to the epiphytes that they do not see artificially get replaced. The irrigation water dripping from the crown of the base tree and flowing along the bark is optimal for the epiphytes in terms of composition, pH and oxygen content, it is enriched with nutrients and therefore an ideal culture medium for the epiphytes. In this way the active, assimilating ends of the roots and the moisture-storing air roots covering their remaining parts are also free and can fulfill their function unhindered. In this way, the artificial keeping of epiphytes that do not survive under other artificial conditions is also successful.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the continuous biological connection is formed by the roots of the epiphyton or its descendants and by the fungi living together with them in the roots. You can let the epiphyte or its descendants simply grow on the bark of the base tree. It is expedient to regulate the root growth of the base tree or the growth of its trunk, its branches and / or its leaf crown at least in sections.

Another embodiment of the method is of great importance, in which the base tree is at least temporarily moved or made to move during the cultivation and keeping of the epiphytes.

The epiphytes or their descendants can be subjected to chemical, microbiological and / or physical manipulations during artificial rearing. In particular, the treatment of the roots is useful, but the base tree, especially its bark, can also be treated. The treatment is carried out before and / or during the preparation of the plant arrangement. “Manipulation” here means at least one of the following treatments: hormone treatment, growth, growth, root development, root-stimulating chemical treatment, application of the fungal species living with the epiphytes , Irradiation of different plant biological effects. The further development of the plant arrangements according to the invention now consists in the fact that the epiphytes or their descendants are arranged on the bark of a perennial, living base tree that forms woody bark by means of a biological connection that continuously connects the epiphytes to the base tree and that the plant arrangement is at least temporarily mobile It is of great importance that the living conditions of the epiphytes are greatly improved in this way. The mobility is important from the point of view of different design options, the variability of the plant arrangement.

An embodiment of the plant arrangement according to the invention is preferred in which the ongoing biological connection between the bark of the base tree and the epiphytes is formed by the roots of the latter and the fungi living in the roots. The base tree can be a trellis tree, a dwarf tree, a piece of wood, a shrub or a woody ornamental plant with living bark or at least part of the above. The base tree can also be a perennial plant that can be grown in a plant growing container; in this case it is expedient to at least partially surround the plant arrangement created from this plant and the epiphytes or their descendants with a protective cover made of translucent material.

A plant arrangement was also created in which the epiphytes or their descendants are arranged by a permanent biological connection on a perennial living tree from the temperate or the cold zone, growing in the ground, forming woody bark, and at least around this part of the trunk regulated climate.

The further development according to the invention also enables the creation of a plant arrangement in which a column system is formed from base trees for the commercial cultivation of epiphytes or their descendants, on the vertical columns of which the epiphytes or their descendants are arranged by means of an ongoing biological connection, while low plant arrangements or other plants are provided in the spaces between the columns. The spaces between the columns of the column system can expediently be changed.

As far as the transport of epiphytes, in particular orchids, and their hybrid and / or intergeneric descendants is concerned, the further development according to the invention now consists in the fact that epiphytes or their descendants are used for the transport, the perennial, living with the bark of a woody bark Base tree are in permanent biological connection, and that before the start of the transport, if necessary, the permanent biological connection is established and the plant arrangement formed in this way is transported. The greatest importance of this solution is that neither plant substrate nor root ball is used, the epiphytes do not need to be converted, their naturally occurring epiphytic root connections do not have to be violently torn apart, and nutrients are also replenished during transport.

According to a preferred embodiment of this method, the plant arrangement is made with the help of the roots of the epiphytes or their descendants or by means of those living together with them in the roots of the epiphytes

Allowing mushrooms and / or growing and / or created by implementation. A rooted base tree can also be used for transport. However, the plant arrangement can also be placed on the bark of an easily rooted Baais tree and only the piece of the base tree used to create the plant arrangement can be used for transport.

Brief description of the drawings

Further details of the invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and embodiments with the aid of the attached figures.

Flg. 1 shows, in a schematic side view, an expedient embodiment of the plant arrangement according to the invention, 2 shows a side view, partly in section, of another embodiment in the greenhouse, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in side view, FIG. 4 shows another embodiment in perspective, FIG. 5 shows another embodiment in side view, partly in section, and an embodiment prepared for transport is shown in FIG. 6.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE CLAIMED INVENTION In the embodiments and examples, orchids are referred to for simplicity as representatives of the epiphytes and the hybrid and intergeneric descendants of them. However, there is no limitation that limits the applicability of the invention to orchids. The latter can be replaced by any epiphytes or their hybrid and intergeneric descendants. 1, an orchid 1 is arranged on a base tree 2. The base tree 2 is a woody bark-forming, perennial, living plant. The orchid 1 arranged on it is a preferred plant. In this embodiment, the base tree 2 is arranged in a pot 3. In the sense of the invention, a permanent biological connection has arisen between the orchid 1 and the bark of the base tree 2, specifically by rooting the roots 4 of the top idea 1 onto the bark of the base tree 2. Like the roots of the epiphytes in general, the roots 4 of the orchid 1 brew air, oxygen. The roots 4 adhering to the bark of the base tree 2 are capable of assimilation. As a result of a layer that means they do not dry out, they also do not dry out, and they ensure the attachment of the orchid, its keeping in a favorable direction. During the assimilation, a water and nutrient exchange takes place, in which the enzymes of orchid 1 and base tree 2 have an equally important share. The bark of the base tree 2 and the decay products of the bark lead the roots 4 of the orchid 1 on artificial Pathways to irreplaceable nutrients. The irrigation water dripping from the leaf crown 5 of the base tree 2 and flowing along the bark is very suitable for the orchid 1 in terms of its composition, its pH value and its oxygen content. The water is enriched with nutrients that are used by the roots 4. You can see that this is not parasitism, but living together.

As mentioned earlier, with regard to the base tree 2 there is only the condition that it must be a perennial plant with woody bark. Accordingly, a large number of variations are possible for the configuration and arrangement of the plant arrangement consisting of the orchid 1 and the base tree 2. In the case shown in FIG. 2, the rearing takes place in one

Area whose climate is cooler than that of the tropics, but the base tree 2 is a tropical plant, a plant species that comes from the natural habitat of orchid 1. As a result, both the base tree 2 and the orchid 1 rooted on it must be kept in an air-conditioned room, in this case in a greenhouse 6. The base trees 2 are arranged and grown here in the usual manner, and the orchids 1 stand with the bark of base trees 2 in permanent biological connection. The greenhouse 6 has all the necessary equipment, such as an open roof 7, ventilation, heating, water and nutrient supply.

Fig. 3 also shows an example of growing in a climate that is cooler than that of the tropics. Here, however, only the part of the base tree 2 used to create the plant arrangement is located in the air-conditioned part of the room. For this purpose, a greenhouse 8 is provided, which leaves the root environment of the base tree 2 and its leaf crown 5 free. An elastic connection 12 is formed between the trunk of the base tree 2 and the roof 9 and the floor 11 of the greenhouse 8. On the one hand, this enables the base tree to move freely against the greenhouse 8, and on the other hand, maintenance is maintained the regulated climate. The internal dimensions of the greenhouse 8 can also be chosen so that you can walk around on the floor 11 of the greenhouse 8 between the base trees 2. If a row of trees is used for this purpose, the trees standing next to one another can form a row of columns as base trees 2, and orchids of the most varied number and type can be arranged on the trunks of base trees 2 as on vertical columns. From the base trees 2 carrying the orchids 1, a column system which pleases the eye and has an extremely attractive aesthetic effect can be created.

The free space between the columns of the column system formed by the base trees 2 in the interior of the greenhouse 8 can also be used to arrange further plant arrangements. These can be low plant arrangements 13 or otherwise usual plants 14 in greenhouses. On the one hand, a construction part of the greenhouse 8, namely the connection 12 between the base tree 2 and the floor 11, can be cleverly covered, and on the other hand a plant environment that creates the illusion of the tropics is created.

FIG. 4 again shows base trees 2 planted in pots 3 with the orchids 1 arranged on them. The perspective illustration clearly shows the column system formed from the base trees 2. The space between the pots 3 or the base trees 2 can also be used well here for setting up further plants or plant arrangements.

5 shows a further possible embodiment of the plant arrangement or the air-conditioned room part. The base trees 2 are arranged along a promenade 15, and the air-conditioned parts of the space are realized by greenhouses 16, which always surround only one base tree 2. The visitor does not enter these small greenhouses 16, but walks along the promenade 15 and enjoys the orchids 1 arranged in the greenhouses 16 on the trunks of the base trees 2. Here too there are 2 elastics between the greenhouse 16 and the base tree see connections 12, further inside the greenhouse 16 the usual equipment for artificial lighting, heating, ventilation, etc. required.

FIG. 6 shows a small piece of the base tree 2 covered with woody bark, and the orchid 1 is in permanent biological connection with this piece via its roots 4. This piece of the base tree 2 has roots 17, which in this illustration indicates that the base tree 2 used here is easily rooted, can be rooted again and is also a living species in this small tree.

As is already clear from what has been said so far, the basic measure of the invention is to create an ongoing biological connection between two plant species, namely the epiphyton or its descendant (in the examples of orchid 1) and the base tree 2. This is a biological pairing, for which the two plant species must first be selected. Then the orohide ideas 1 are provisionally attached to the trunk of the multi-year, living base tree 2, which forms a woody bark, at certain points, in a predetermined number, so that their roots 4 touch the bark of the base tree 2. The provisionally attached orchids 1 are constantly watered, sprayed. In this way, the root connection, the epiphytosis, develops in a few weeks, at most months. During this time or, if appropriate, also after the root connection has been formed, the plant arrangement or the orchid 1 or the base tree 2, the roots 4 or the bark of the base tree 2 can be subjected to chemical, microbiological and / or physical manipulation. Primarily, this means hormone treatments, growth, development, root formation, root stimulating treatments, the application of the fungal species living with the epiphytes, irradiation of various plant biological effects.

The living plant serving as the base tree 2 can be any perennial, living plant forming woody bark, the bark of which is suitable for placing epiphytes. Appropriate Also stem or branch pieces of living plants with woody bark are net, if the cut piece is rootable and new shoots bring a new leaf crown. Many plants are also suitable as base tree 2, which - if their crown of leaves is removed, cut, thinned - still remain alive. Not only their crown of leaves 5, but also their roots can be regulated in growth. Deprived of their roots or with a very small root ball left, they can be kept alive in relatively small vessels, their stem and branch pieces are easily rooted.

In experiments on the subject, it was found that epiphytes can be arranged surprisingly easily on base trees 2 and can be kept alive there, which in nature never occur as a seat tree for epiphytes. It turned out, for example, that an orchid 1 from one continent developed even better on the base tree 2 of another part of the world than at its original place of life. It also turned out that plants from the Mediterranean and temperate zones can also be paired with tropical epiphytes. This was indicated in FIGS. 3 and 5, respectively.

The possibilities of the method according to the invention relating to transport can already be derived from the previous statements. If the orchid 1 is rooted on a base tree 2 rooted in a pot 3 and has a permanent biological connection with it (FIG. 4, FIG. 1), it can be easily transported together with the pot 3. If the transport of the pot 3 is not desirable for any reason, the orchid 1 must be brought into permanent biological connection with a base tree 2, a small part of which remains alive during the transport and which is easily rooted. Such base trees 2 are available - a large selection has already been pointed out. This possibility is illustrated in Fig. 6.

However, the method also offers the possibility of transporting a plant arrangement that has already arisen earlier animals. In this case, one proceeds in such a way that the permanent biological connection that has arisen between the orchid 1 and the base tree 2 is preserved, but only that piece of the base tree that is required for the plant arrangement to come about is transported. This is in contrast to the previously practiced procedure, according to which the permanent biological connection, the rootiness was destroyed by tearing the orchid 1 from the base tree 2. There is probably no need to emphasize that in rearing, creating the plant arrangement, maintaining the ongoing biological connection and transport, as well as all other activities in connection with the orchid 1 and / or the base tree 2 in the manner of a good one Gärtners must be done. All methods, materials and processes that are used in the nursery in the interest of the desired success are also to be used here. Their selection and application pose no problem for a specialist with average knowledge.

The large number of possibilities that are available for realizing the invention can be measured simply from the large selection of epiphytes or their descendants and the base trees 2 in question. Tree-dwelling orchids and hybrids of this type are more than 100,000; tree-dwelling bromeliads, cacti and ferns are in the thousands. Of the other plants in question, in addition to Philodendron, Ficus stipulata, Sytngonium, Scindapsus, Hedera, the so-called "traffic light plants", which are also suitable and come from different plant families, can hardly be listed.

In the selection of species of living plants forming a woody bark, a distinction is made between five groups of plants. The first includes woody plants whose temperature requirements are the same as those of tropical orchids, for example, Ficus hibisous, palm-like, Codienum, Acalypha, Yucca-like, Draoaenae, Pandanus etc. The second group is that of evergreens, such as laurel, boxwood, thuja, taxus etc. The stem of these plants can be completely bared, leaving leaves only at the top. The third group is formed by the relatively fast growing trees, including shrubs: Euσenlymus, Tamarix, Jasminum, Lonicera, Salix, Oleander, Myrtle, Coffea arabica, tea bush, citrus species. These plants have excellent roots and sprout even more after pruning. The fourth group includes, for example, the European trees EdeXeiβhe, hornbeam, alder, linden, vinegar-n, elder, white poplar, etc., which are rooted in cold earth, have a tall, relatively slender crown of leaves in summer, and are relatively tall trunk, several meters long, is suitable for planting orchids 1. The fifth group is formed by the dwarf plants with woody bark that are also grown as ornamental plants: Cordilyne, Rhododendron, Grevillea, also some succulent species of Euphorbia.

Since the pairing options allow several hundred thousand variations, only examples are shown below for which the base tree 1 is characteristic; this can be paired with one or more epiphytes, which are beneficial in ornamental plant breeding.

The basic tree species mentioned in the examples are given as examples; they can be replaced by any other species within the group. example 1

A 10 cm thick, 2 m high piece, cut out of a tree with the same temperature requirements as tropical orchids, exactly: from Yucca elephantoides, is rooted in a 20 liter container. On this piece, bare roots, covered with moss, are temporarily attached with a silk thread, modern, large-flowered phalaenopsis hybrids in the four-leaf stage are placed in a triangular arrangement 40 cm apart from each other before flowering. After the growth, the resulting flower stems are pulled to the stem with elastic hooks at the desired angle and in the desired direction and cut off in full bloom. The superfluous shoots of the yucca are removed cut and used as cuttings. In autumn, the superfluous leaves are cut off and used as flower green. The free space on the trunk of the yucca is used to grow tillandsia. Example 2

A 5 cm thick, 50 cm high piece of a rapidly growing shrub, specifically: the tamarisk (Tamarix) is rooted in soil in a pot. Halfway up the outstanding piece, Oncidium papilio begins. After it grows, the flower stalk grows. A candlestick flower (Ceropegia sp.) Is grown up on the stem. The whole arrangement is used in bloom.

Example 3 A 10 cm thick pandanus tree, i.e. a tree with the same heat requirements as tropical orchids is stripped of its crown. The roots are cut back to 10 cm. The whole thing is rooted again in a 40 liter container, the new shoots are thinned out. The base tree obtained in this way is covered with variegated philodendron. Orchid species and hybrids belonging to the Vanda family are planted on the bark of the tree. When in bloom, the arrangement can be used to produce cut flowers or for exhibitions.

Example 4

The wort bale of a palm tree, ie an Eauces with the same heat requirements as tropical orchids, is artificially restricted in a box. The Lsubkrone is thinned, and the bare stem is populated with orchids belonging to the Laelien family up to a height of 1.50 m. For gardening purposes, the plants can be used as a collective bank of Laelia species. Example 5 Three jasmine stems, ie parts of a fast-growing shrub, each 1.50 m long and 2 cm thick, are rooted in a 40 liter container so that they touch each other. Only at the top ends some green branches are left as a crown of leaves. Modern hybrids of Dendrobium phalenopsis are located on the trunks, 20 cm apart, the roots of which fill the space between the three columns and anchor themselves there. The arrangement is used for the continuous extraction of cut flowers. In winter, the orchids are left to rest and the jasmine leaves fall off. Example 6

A 60 cm long, 3 cm thick piece of dwarf willow, i.e. of a fast growing tree (Salix) is in one

Rooted flower pot of 12 cm upper diameter. Zygopetalon crinitum is located on the trunk, along with the fern species Adiantum. The arrangement is for sale. Example 7 A 3 cm thick, 1.50 m long piece of honeysuckle branch (Lonicera), i.e. of a fast-growing shrub, is rooted and populated with Arachnis orchids. The arrangement is used to produce cut flowers. Example 8 The 1 m high stem of a dragon tree (Dracaena), i.e. A tree with the same heat requirements as orchids is rooted in a vessel with a root ball of 20 cm in diameter. The crown is shaped, the whole stem is covered with species of rhipsalis and epiphyllum. Scissus is used to rearrange. The arrangement is for sale. Example 9

6 cm high stem pieces from Euphorbia, i.e. an ornamental plant with woody bark, are grown in 20 cm pots and colonized with orchids lonopsis paniculata and Tillandsia cacticola. The entire arrangement is used. Example 10

The 2 m high stem of a thuja, that is, an evergreen tree, the root and crown of which have been severely trimmed, is populated with orchids of the Bulbophylum species. The arrangement is intended for plant lovers. Example 11

A taxus with pruned roots, i.e. an evergreen tree is grown in a container. The leaf crown is left only in the upper eighth of the long stem. The stem is populated with orchids of the Doritaenopsis species. The arrangement is used to obtain cut flowers. Example 12

A 1 m high specimen of the coffee bush (Coffea arabica) with a 4 cm trunk diameter, i.e. a fast growing shrub, after thinning the roots and the

Laubes is populated with 12 different varieties of dwarf orchids that bloom with the coffee bush at the same time. The arrangement is sold as a whole. Example 13 A lemon tree (Citrus), i.e. an evergreen tree with trimmed roots and branched leaves is covered with ficus stipulata. Orchids of the species Odontoglossum and Stanhopea are located on the trunk and on the branches. The arrangement is sold or issued as a whole.

Example 14

The crown of a dwarf apple tree (Citrus ichausa), i.e. an evergreen dwarf tree, is shaped by cutting, the tree is grown in a 20-pot plant. Orchids of the genus Epidendrum and dwarf broils of the species Neoregelia are located on its trunk. The arrangement is suitable as window dressing. Example 15

A 0.3 m long stem of the evergreen shrub Euonymus with cut root, cut crown and thinned out shoots is populated with Dendrobium nobile from monsoons or with related species. The arrangement is sold as a whole in bloom. Example 16

A specimen of the orchid Cattleopis, which only lives on oak trees (Quercus), is waxed with the branch on which it has grown by grafting on a branch in a pot transferred his oak. After the graft has grown, the arrangement can be transported. Example 17

A specimen of the evergreen carpentry fir Araucaria, the roots and green of which have been trimmed, is populated with the Central American orchid Coryantes where it occurs. This makes the orchid transportable, although it has so far not been possible to keep it in moderate latitudes for a long time. Example 18

A specimen of the myrtle, i.e. an evergreen shrub, is grown in a jar with cut roots and thinned leaves. Bollea, Colax and similar beautiful-flowered orchids are placed on the woody parts. The arrangement is sold in a transparent cylinder as a small indoor greenhouse. Example 19

The living bark of the evergreen laurel tree (laurus) is home to hard-to-grow but well-floating orchid species, together with epiphyte bromeliads and tillandsias. To climb around, take a climbing plant variant with colored leaves. All settled plants are used for the propagation of shoots. The cut shoots are either grown on a living burrow or potted in a suitable substrate and sold. Example 20

A cochlioda orchid is placed on the finger-thick branch of an oleander shrub, ie a fast-growing shrub, when the roots of the new shoot are just beginning. After six months, when the roots of the orchid have grown over the branch and are firmly attached to the living bark, the oleander branch is cut off about 15 cm below the root of the orchid and placed in water for two weeks until callus has formed on the oleander and roots can already be seen. Now cut the branch together with the leaves 5 cm above the orchid, the lower end with the Callus is packaged in wet cotton or wet plastic sponge and then in foil. The branch is transported together with the orchid that has grown on it. When they arrive at their destination, the last 5 cm of the lower end of the oleander branch is planted in a flowerpot filled with soil. The crown of leaves grows and can be shaped as desired. The orchid grown on the oleander has undamaged roots, it grows and continues to thrive. Example 21 Small, orchid species that bloom at different times and have the same heat requirements, as well as tillandsias, are placed on the stem and branches of a hibiscus that has been cut back several times, ie a shrub with the same heat requirements as tropical orchids. The Gan is sold as a plant arrangement that blooms all year round.

Example 22

The branches of a high-stemmed box tree, i.e. of an evergreen shrub, are thinned out. Species of Vriesea, Guzmannia, Billbergia Neoregelia and Aechmea are located on the trunk and branches. The arrangement can be sold as a group of plants that can be brought to flower at any time, but can also be used as a source of vegetation for the vegetative propagation of the colorful leaved bromeliads.

Example 23

On the bark of a thick-stemmed ficus, i.e. A tree with the same heat requirements as tropical orchids, which has a small crown of leaves, is planted with Cattleya hybrids and species and allowed to grow. The arrangement can be used as a source of propagation material in the nursery. Example 24

Standard trees, namely noble oak, white poplar, alder and red fir are planted outdoors at a distance of 21/2 m from each other (Fig. 3). In the row of columns consisting of two rows of approximately 6 m tall trees, the floor 11 of the greenhouse 8 is placed at a height of 40 cm and the roof 9 is placed at a height of 3 m. The leaf crowns 5 protrude above the greenhouse 8 out. The lower and upper passage of the base trees 2 through the greenhouse 8 is thermally insulated by elastic connections 12. The living bark of the trees is colonized within the greenhouse 8 up to a height of 2.60 m at the time of the "root development in spring in a spiral line with hybrids of Cattleya, which are selected so that they are in time, color and quantity of the blossoms meet local market requirements. The area of the greenhouse 8 that remains free between the trees can be used for growing plant arrangements 13, which consist of epiphytes placed on 50 cm tall specimens of small ornamental trees, for example Dizygotea, Codienum, Camelia, Fatshedera, Hex, Machonia, Grevillea, suitable for preserving the room contain. These can be sold as flowering specimens on average 3-9 months after the settlement. The Cattleya hybrids grown on the pillar trees are used for the continuous production of cut flowers.

The links of the arrangements described in the examples can be exchanged, the selection can be enlarged by further pairings taking aesthetic aspects into account. The arrangement of the base trees 2 can also be varied in many ways. It is advantageous to set up rows of columns that are proportional to the height of the plant house and whose distance from one another can be changed. This allows the most favorable distance to be set in terms of light utilization and shadow formation. This can be modified depending on the maintenance requirements and the use of the gaps. In the space between the high columns, low columns or other plants are expediently arranged alternately.

Claims

1. Process for the artificial cultivation of epiphytes, in particular orchids, and their hybrid and / or intergeneric offspring using advanced epiphytes or their offspring, characterized in that advanced epiphytes or their offspring with the bark of a woody bark. forming, perennial, living base tree in permanent biological connection, at least temporarily holding the part of the base tree used to create the biological connection in a climate-regulated part of the room, thereby creating a root group of plants (plant arrangement) and keeping it alive as a whole and used in whole or in part.

2. A method for the artificial Aufzugoht of epiphytes, especially orchids, and their hybrid and / or intergeneric descendants using advanced epiphytes or their descendants, characterized in that the advanced epiphytes or their descendants with the bark of a geographical area other than brings their natural habitat, woody bark, perennial, living base tree into permanent biological connection, thereby creating a rooted perennial group of plants and keeping it alive as a whole and used in whole or in part.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the permanent biological connection is formed by the roots of the epiphyton or its descendants and by the fungi living with them in the roots.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the epiphytes or their descendants are allowed to grow on the bark of the base tree.

5. The method naoh one of claims 1-4, characterized in that one restricts the root development of the base tree.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that one regulates the development of the trunk, the branches and / or the leaf crown of the base tree at least in sections.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the base tree is at least temporarily moved or made mobile during the rearing of the epiphytes.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the epiphytes or their derivatives are subjected to chemical, microbiological and / or physical manipulations.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that one treats the epiphyton or its descendants, in particular its roots.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that one treats the base tree, in particular its bark.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that one carries out the treatment before and / or during the formation of the group of plants (the plant arrangement).

12. The method according to any one of claims 8-11, characterized in that in the manipulation of the treatments: hormone treatment, growth, development, root formation, root growth stimulating chemical treatment, application of the fungal species living together with the epiphytes, Irradiation of different plant-biological effects is carried out by at least one.

13. Plant arrangement with advanced epiphytes, in particular orchids, or their hybrid and / or intergeneric derivatives, characterized in that the epiphytes or their derivatives (1) on the bark of a woody bark, multi-year, living base tree (2) by a between the both existing, ongoing biological connection are located and the plant arrangement is at least temporarily portable.

14. Plant arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that the ongoing biological connection between the bark of the base tree (2) and the epiphytes or their descendants (1) is designed by the roots of the latter and the fungi living in the roots.

15. Plant arrangement according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the base tree (2) is an espalier tree, a dwarf tree, a piece of wood with living bark, a shrub or an ornamental plant with woody bark or at least a piece of said.

16. Plant arrangement according to one of claims 13-15, characterized in that the base tree (2) is a perennial plant grown in a plant growing vessel and the plant arrangement formed from it and the epiphyton or its descendants is at least partially made of a material made of translucent material which Moisture-retardant shell is surrounded.

17. Plant arrangement with advanced epiphytes, especially orchids, or their hybrid and / or intergeneric derivatives, characterized in that the base tree (2) is a planted in soil, woody bark forming, perennial, living tree of the temperate or cold zone, on its Strain the epiphytes or their descendants (1) are settled by permanent biological connection and at least around this part of the strain a regulated climate is provided.

18. Plant arrangement with advanced epiphytes, in particular orchids, or their hybrids and / or their intergeneric descendants, characterized in that a column system is formed on the vertical columns for the commercial breeding of the epiphytes or their descendants (1) from the base trees (2) the epiphytes or their descendants (1) are settled by permanent biological connection, while plant arrangements (13) of low growth or other plants (14) are arranged between the columns.

19. Plant arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that the distances between the columns of the column system are made variable.

20. A method for transporting advanced epiphytes, in particular orchids, and their hybrid and / or intergeneric descendants to the place of their destination, characterized in that epiphytes or their descendants are used for the transport, the perennial, forming with the bark of a woody bark, living base tree in an ongoing biological connection, for which purpose, if necessary, the permanent biological connection is established before the transport and the plant arrangement formed in this way is transported.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the plant arrangement by means of the roots of the epiphytes or by means of the fungi living together in the roots with the epiphytes and / or by growing and / or by settling.

22. The method according to any one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that one uses a plant arrangement having a rooted base tree for transport.

23. The method according to any one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the plant arrangement is formed on the bark of an easily rootable base tree and only the piece of the base tree used to create the plant arrangement is used for transport.