EP0148282A1 - Dispositif pour brûler des solides - Google Patents

Dispositif pour brûler des solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148282A1
EP0148282A1 EP83112641A EP83112641A EP0148282A1 EP 0148282 A1 EP0148282 A1 EP 0148282A1 EP 83112641 A EP83112641 A EP 83112641A EP 83112641 A EP83112641 A EP 83112641A EP 0148282 A1 EP0148282 A1 EP 0148282A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
boiler
chamber
cylinder
baffle plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83112641A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter Butscheck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agro Stahlsonderbau und Spezialverpackung GmbH
Original Assignee
Agro Stahlsonderbau und Spezialverpackung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agro Stahlsonderbau und Spezialverpackung GmbH filed Critical Agro Stahlsonderbau und Spezialverpackung GmbH
Priority to EP83112641A priority Critical patent/EP0148282A1/fr
Priority to DK207884A priority patent/DK207884A/da
Publication of EP0148282A1 publication Critical patent/EP0148282A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/285—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with the fire tubes arranged alongside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning solid matter according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Combustion devices for solids such as wood, straw, paper and the like are known in different designs.
  • the different versions mostly have in common a boiler that is fed from the front or a side wall and in which the actual combustion of the fuels takes place.
  • Primary air and, depending on the fuel material, secondary air are fed to the boiler via a flap-controlled nozzle.
  • the flue gas discharge from the boiler is connected to a chimney.
  • the combustion in the boiler is only incomplete, the flue gases are still provided with a correspondingly high proportion of pollutants, in particular the flue gases also carry particles.
  • the thermal energy present in the smoke gases is not used, difficulties arise increasingly from the fact that the limit values for the pollutant content in smoke gases have recently been drastically reduced. This usually requires complex filter systems.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for burning solids, which is robust and simple in construction and enables a largely pollutant-free discharge of the flue gases into the outside environment.
  • the invention is characterized in that the combustion boiler is followed by an afterburning unit in the flue gas outlet, in which the flue gases discharged from the combustion boiler are deflected several times by baffle plates.
  • the flue gases leaving the boiler in which only incomplete combustion takes place, are subjected to a separate post-combustion, which leads to a substantial reduction in the pollutant content in the flue gases to be removed.
  • the multiple deflection on the one hand there is an intensive flow against the components of the afterburning unit, which are consequently very strongly heated, which favors the afterburning.
  • Another effect of the multiple deflection by baffle plates is that with the impact of the flue gases there is also a separation of the solid particles entrained with the flue gases, which are collected in a separate collecting space, in particular an ash chamber.
  • the supply of secondary air into the afterburning unit also favors the afterburning of the flue gases channeled as a result of the multiple deflections within the afterburning unit and in close flow contact with the components of the afterburning unit.
  • a horizontal arrangement of the boiler and a vertical arrangement of the downstream afterburning unit, which has a flue gas duct, is particularly advantageous also for reasons of space.
  • the flue gas flow which is deflected downward by a baffle plate, is diverted upwards below the flue gas duct and flows upward through the flue gas duct, where it strikes a baffle plate arranged above the outlet opening of the flue gas duct. This causes the flue gas flow to be redirected.
  • the solid particles separated as a result of the impact fall down through the flue gas duct and can be in one below the flue gas duct arranged ash chamber to be collected.
  • the design of the flue gas duct is particularly advantageous, the design of the flue gas duct, the lower section of which at least partially engages in an afterburning cylinder which connects to the flue gas outlet of the boiler.
  • the lower section of the flue gas duct can be used here as a baffle plate for the flue gases flowing into the afterburning cylinder.
  • the converging walls of the flue gas duct also flow within the flue gas duct, that is to say a further impact process.
  • the solid particles entrained in the flue gas flow fall down into the ash chamber.
  • a post-combustion unit is expediently followed by a cooler, since there is a noticeable increase in the temperature of the flue gases within the post-combustion unit.
  • the heat generated in the afterburning unit can be drawn off and used for use via the downstream cooler, which is designed as a heat exchanger.
  • the correspondingly cooled flue gases then leave the housing of the device through an outlet and flow to the chimney. This results in an improved utilization of the fuels with a simultaneous reduction in the emission of pollutants into the outside environment via the chimney.
  • the decisive factor here is the multiple deflection and rebound, which leads to the separation of the solid particles, which can be collected in an ash chamber, and also that the flue gases flow along the heated components of the afterburning unit, which in turn increases the efficiency of the afterburning.
  • the combustion device can be loaded manually or automatically, however, in the case of automatic loading due to the existing auxiliary energy sources, such as electricity, a blower can be used for the primary and secondary air supply, in particular for the secondary air supply into the afterburning unit.
  • Another advantage is the successful constructional combination of the boiler, the afterburner and the cooler, which can be accommodated in the smallest space.
  • the device shown in the figures for burning solids, in particular wood, straw, paper and the like. Like. Includes a housing 1 made of sheet metal, which according to FIGS. 2 to 4, an essentially egg-shaped cross owns cut.
  • the device contains, housed in the housing 1, a boiler 2, an afterburning unit 3 and a cooler 4.
  • the boiler 2, which forms a cylinder with a circular cross section in the embodiment shown, is preferably arranged horizontally and can be supplied with fuel from the front side by means of a pivoting door 5 be loaded. The loading takes place manually in the embodiment shown. However, it can also take place automatically, in which case the fuel is supplied from the side, ie into the peripheral wall of the boiler 2.
  • a flue gas outlet 6 in the rear end chamber 7 of the boiler 2.
  • a grate 8 is arranged on the bottom according to FIG. 3.
  • the grate 8 has a flat grate bottom with support flanges bent downwards and is preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the flue gas discharge 6 formed by a pipe socket in the end wall 7 opens via a flanged pipe section 9 into the afterburning unit 3, which is preferably arranged upright as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the afterburning unit 3 essentially comprises an afterburning cylinder 11 delimiting the afterburning chamber 10 with a tube piece 12 engaging therein, which is part of an upwardly leading and generally designated 13 flue gas duct.
  • the afterburning cylinder 11 has an outer insulation made of suitable insulating material, in particular fireclay or ceramic material, and an inner insert 14, expediently likewise made of fireclay or ceramic material.
  • the insert 14, which delimits the afterburning chamber 10, is formed in one piece with the pipe section 12 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the afterburning chamber 10 is connected to the flue gas outlet 6 via the pipe section 9.
  • the bottom has an annular web 17 which projects radially inwards and delimits an outlet opening 18 to an ash chamber 19 located below.
  • the ring web 17 has a deflecting function for the flue gas stream which is deflected downward by means of the baffle plate 15 and channeled in the flue gas passage 16 and which is finally diverted upward into the pipe section 12, that is to say into the flue gas duct 13.
  • the afterburning unit 3 is supported via the ash chamber 19 at the bottom of the housing 1, with the interposition of a plate 20 which is mounted on rollers that are not visible in detail. This is done to make assembly easier and allows the unit to be wedged by means of screws (not shown).
  • a secondary air supply 21 opens into the post-combustion unit 3, specifically in the ash chamber 19 in the embodiment shown. This results in the air supply required for the post-combustion in the post-combustion unit 3.
  • the pipe section 12 forms part of the smoke channel 13, which continues above the otherwise frustoconical pipe section 12 through a further pipe section 22 with a frustoconical shape but also a frustoconical shape.
  • the pipe section 22 is also made of fireclay or ceramic material and rests with its larger opening on the larger opening of the pipe section 12.
  • the flue gas guide 27 opens into an annular chamber 28 which surrounds the pipe section 22 and is delimited at the top by a wall 29 and at the bottom by a wall 30 and an annular diaphragm 31.
  • the cooling tube bundle 33 passes through a water boiler 34.
  • the water boiler 34 is arranged above the boiler 2, which is otherwise surrounded by a water jacket at 35. This can be seen from the double-wall structure of the boiler 2, which can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. 3.
  • the cooling pipes denoted by 32 open at their end opposite the chamber 28 into a chamber 37 which is separated from the water boiler 34 by an end wall 36 and in which the flue gas flow led through the pipes 32 is deflected upward.
  • a second group of cooling tubes 39 which are arranged above the cooling tubes 32, open into the chamber 37, which is otherwise accessible from the outside via a cover 38. The flue gas flow deflected in the chamber 37 enters these cooling pipes 39 and from there reaches the outlet 40, which is connected to the chimney.
  • the cooling pipes 39 open into a chamber 41 leading to the outlet 40 and the chimney, which is delimited at the bottom by the wall 29 and the baffle 24.
  • a swivel flap 42 which can be seen at the top right in FIG. 1, results in a bypass of the cooler 4 and thus a direct flue gas flow from the annular chamber 28 to the outlet 40 and to the chimney in order to ensure the correct extraction of the flue gases in the heating phase .
  • Fig. 3 shows that the boiler 2 is suitably insulated at 43.
  • the double wall structure which delimits the water jacket 35, is formed by sheet steel cylinders 44, which are arranged at a distance.
  • the water jacket 35 is connected at the top via passage openings 45 to the water boiler 34 of the cooler.
  • the charging door 5 of the boiler 2 is formed by a double wall structure and cooled by water fed into the double wall structure.
  • Fig. 1 shows in a door-side arrangement a flap-provided primary air supply 46 and also a flap-provided secondary air supply 47 for the boiler 2.
  • the secondary air supply at 47 is only used with special fuels, such as straw, where a larger amount of air supplied is required for the combustion process.
  • the air supply to the boiler 2 is controlled by a controller 48 shown in FIG. 2. This is a known component, so that a detailed explanation is not necessary.
  • a cover 49 which can be clearly seen in FIG. 4. It can also be seen from this that the outlet connection 40 is received in a cover 50 from the chamber 41, so that there is also a corresponding access possibility at the top the afterburning unit accommodated in the housing 1 is guaranteed.
  • the device is loaded with fuel via the loading door 5.
  • the boiler 2 is dimensioned large enough so that bales of straw can also be picked up.
  • the fuel is then burned in the boiler 2.
  • the flue gases are removed from the boiler 2 at 6 and fed into the afterburning unit 3.
  • the flue gases passing through the flue gas outlet 6 at about 800 ° C. collide at 15 with the baffle plate formed by the pipe section 12, are deflected there and channeled through the flue gas passage 16 to the bottom of the chamber 10. There the flue gas flow is deflected upwards into the flue gas duct 13.
  • the flap 42 is opened so that the flue gases from the annular chamber 28 go directly to the outlet 40 to the chimney.
  • the valve 42 is closed so that the flow at the baffle plate has a temperature approximately at the level of 1200 0 having flue gases from the annular chamber 28 in the cooling tubes 32 and thus through the kettle 34th
  • the flue gases are cooled.
  • the flue gases After flowing through the cooling tubes 32, the flue gases enter the deflection chamber 37, where they are deflected into the upper group of cooling tubes 39.
  • the flue gases then pass through the water boiler 34 and finally reach the chamber 41, from where they exit into the chimney via the outlet connection 40.
  • the double wall structure of the boiler 2 extends beyond the end wall 7 shown on the right in FIG. 1 to the right end wall of the housing 1 in FIG. 1, where the double wall structure is closed by a cover 51, which ensures access to the afterburning unit 3 .
  • the double wall structure of the boiler 2, which extends beyond the end wall 7, has an opening through which the flue gas duct 13 is guided.
EP83112641A 1983-12-15 1983-12-15 Dispositif pour brûler des solides Withdrawn EP0148282A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83112641A EP0148282A1 (fr) 1983-12-15 1983-12-15 Dispositif pour brûler des solides
DK207884A DK207884A (da) 1983-12-15 1984-04-26 Apparat til forbraending af faste materialer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83112641A EP0148282A1 (fr) 1983-12-15 1983-12-15 Dispositif pour brûler des solides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148282A1 true EP0148282A1 (fr) 1985-07-17

Family

ID=8190881

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83112641A Withdrawn EP0148282A1 (fr) 1983-12-15 1983-12-15 Dispositif pour brûler des solides

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0148282A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK207884A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2626655A1 (fr) * 1988-02-01 1989-08-04 Leclaire Yvette Four d'incineration d'ordures
CH678652A5 (fr) * 1989-04-28 1991-10-15 Heitzmann Ag
EP2775229A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-10 Ulrich Brunner GmbH Four à échangeur de chaleur
EP2775200A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-10 Ulrich Brunner GmbH Four comprenant un espace de combustion et une chambre de combustion secondaire

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR497841A (fr) * 1918-03-26 1919-12-18 Stanislas Gumny Chaudière pour chauffage central à eau chaude
US2084990A (en) * 1935-03-06 1937-06-29 Roland T Burghardt Water heater
CH432705A (de) * 1965-01-07 1967-03-31 Froeling Geb Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen in kleinen Abfall-Verbrennungsanlagen und Abfallverbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE2131777A1 (de) * 1971-06-25 1972-12-28 Helmut Springer Muellverbrennungsanlage
GB1359293A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-07-10 Sobers Incinerators Ltd Incinerators
DE2650089A1 (de) * 1976-10-30 1978-05-11 Roentgen & Co Nachverbrennungsanlage
DE3020798A1 (de) * 1980-05-07 1981-12-10 Bollmann jun., Heinrich, 3201 Söhlde Verfahren zur energiegewinnung aus stroh
FR2491593A1 (fr) * 1980-10-02 1982-04-09 Zambon Bela Chaudiere de chauffage pour la combustion de combustible solide et procede pour sa mise en oeuvre
DE3209236A1 (de) * 1982-03-13 1983-09-22 Andreas Ing.(grad.) 7904 Erbach Häßler Vorrichtung zur abgasverbrennung in heizeinrichtungen fuer feste brennstoffe

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR497841A (fr) * 1918-03-26 1919-12-18 Stanislas Gumny Chaudière pour chauffage central à eau chaude
US2084990A (en) * 1935-03-06 1937-06-29 Roland T Burghardt Water heater
CH432705A (de) * 1965-01-07 1967-03-31 Froeling Geb Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen in kleinen Abfall-Verbrennungsanlagen und Abfallverbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE2131777A1 (de) * 1971-06-25 1972-12-28 Helmut Springer Muellverbrennungsanlage
GB1359293A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-07-10 Sobers Incinerators Ltd Incinerators
DE2650089A1 (de) * 1976-10-30 1978-05-11 Roentgen & Co Nachverbrennungsanlage
DE3020798A1 (de) * 1980-05-07 1981-12-10 Bollmann jun., Heinrich, 3201 Söhlde Verfahren zur energiegewinnung aus stroh
FR2491593A1 (fr) * 1980-10-02 1982-04-09 Zambon Bela Chaudiere de chauffage pour la combustion de combustible solide et procede pour sa mise en oeuvre
DE3209236A1 (de) * 1982-03-13 1983-09-22 Andreas Ing.(grad.) 7904 Erbach Häßler Vorrichtung zur abgasverbrennung in heizeinrichtungen fuer feste brennstoffe

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2626655A1 (fr) * 1988-02-01 1989-08-04 Leclaire Yvette Four d'incineration d'ordures
CH678652A5 (fr) * 1989-04-28 1991-10-15 Heitzmann Ag
EP2775229A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-10 Ulrich Brunner GmbH Four à échangeur de chaleur
EP2775200A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-10 Ulrich Brunner GmbH Four comprenant un espace de combustion et une chambre de combustion secondaire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK207884A (da) 1985-06-16
DK207884D0 (da) 1984-04-26

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Inventor name: BUTSCHECK, GUENTER