EP0148123B1 - Coach bodywork, especially for railways - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a body structure, in particular for railway carriages for passenger transport, with the features of the preamble of claim 1 (see FR-A-1 163667).

Usually, body structures are made from sheet metal and extruded aluminum or steel profiles, which also determine the outer contour of the body structure, among other things. On the other hand, insulation that is usually necessary to compensate for temperature fluctuations is retrofitted to the profiles inside the car body. With a car body constructed in this way, the box structure remains visible from the outside, which means that the outer surface must be straightened and weld seams must be plastered. This treatment of the outer surface of a car body, which meets the visual requirements, generally involves a lot of work and thus increased costs.

Since the extruded aluminum or steel profiles also form the supporting structure of the entire body, this is directly injured in the event of collisions or other damage and requires careful repair. Of course, this repair must also meet the visual requirements.

Furthermore, an insulation arranged inside the car body has to be broken very often, since the extruded profiles arranged on the outside serve at the same time for the fixation of furnishings, such as seats, ashtrays, folding tables or the like. This entails the risk that cold bridges occur at the breakthrough points, which can only be eliminated with laborious insulation work.

The inventor has set itself the goal of developing a body structure of the type mentioned above, in which the disadvantages described do not occur. In particular, the weight of the body structure should be as low as possible, but its external insulation should be particularly effective. Special emphasis is also placed on simple assembly of the entire body structure. The wording of claim 1 leads to the solution of this problem.

Further advantageous refinements are described in subclaims 2 to 11.

Such an arrangement has the advantage that the body of the car body can be covered with insulation independently of an interior device to be installed later, and this subsequently no longer experiences any breakthroughs. Cold bridges created later are thus avoided. In the case of frequently occurring minor accidents, the actual supporting structure of the car body is primarily not affected in this arrangement, but rather only the insulation and the protective skin covering it.

The protective skin or outer skin of the body structure just mentioned can consist of an aluminum or steel sheet or any composite material. However, it should preferably be composed of individual plates made of an aluminum-plastic composite material and should only be interrupted in the area of windows or door openings. Therefore, if there is a minor accident, only the damaged outer skin plates need to be removed and replaced with new ones. The design of the entire body structure can also be influenced very favorably by the choice of material. A customary material, such as glass wool, can be selected for the insulation. However, it also lends itself to firmer material that can absorb lighter shocks from the outside.

Since the entire insulation material is outside the passenger compartment in the event of a vehicle fire, the safety of the passengers is increased.

For the purpose of easier assembly and also for replacement in the event of damage, the outer skin panels should on the one hand be loosely received by means of spacers which engage in grooves of a profile fixed to the body structure, and on the other hand releasably by means of other spacers which are fastened to profiles of the body structure or the structural level. The spacers are attached to the outer skin panels. Those spacers which form a loose connection with profiles on the structural plane are designed in the present exemplary embodiment in a C-shape, with one leg being hung in the respective groove. The other spacers, which serve the releasable connection, consist of an A-shaped profile, which is supported at one end against the outer plate and at the other end this releasable connection with the profile. For this purpose, the profile fastened to the structural plane has a profile chamber which claws into a plastic sleeve which is penetrated by a metal sleeve with an internal thread. A screw which also penetrates the spacer can then be inserted into the metal sleeve. A further profile part preferably protrudes from this profile, which forms the groove for receiving the spacer of a subsequent outer skin plate.

If the window, door and floor areas of the body structure are not taken into account in the following, the outer skin is assembled in a simple manner. After the car body structure, usually made of hollow or solid profiles, has been assembled, the transition from side wall to roof forms a so-called top chord. A gutter profile is defined on this top chord. This has a groove below the gutter for receiving a loose spacer described above. At the correct distance, horizontal, longitudinal profiles for fastening are attached across the entire side wall the detachable spacer is attached, then the side wall is covered with the insulation material. To cover the insulation material with the outer skin, the first outer skin plate with the spacer is loosely attached to the gutter profile with the groove. The loose anchoring means that, on the one hand, the outer skin panel can be more easily attached and, on the other hand, irregularities in the side wall resulting from the body structure can be compensated. The outer skin plate is then brought up to the structural level covered with the profile and strikes the profile clamp with the detachable spacer. It is screwed there. Now the next outer skin plate can be hooked into the groove arranged below the profile clip on the profile, the spacing of which is selected such that it engages behind the upper outer skin plate and thus covers the connection point between the detachable spacer and the profile.

In order to fill the space between two outer skin panels, rubber or plastic strips are provided which connect the two adjacent panels to one another and insulate one another. This sealing strip is pushed onto the respective upper profile and overlaps a bent part of the respective lower profile with a clip strip.

In this way, an outer skin is created that is independent of the support structure of the body, which meets the visual requirements, is easy to assemble and replace, and avoids cold spots.

Another form of connection between the outer skin panels and the car body structure is preferably selected in the area of window and door openings and in the bottom edge area. For this purpose, a channel profile is provided as a holder, the channel profile of the respective outer skin plate being pushed on later and a profile flag projecting from the channel profile being screwed from the outside into the window or door frame or from below onto the lower flange. The channel profile preferably has a sawtooth pattern for better retention of the outer skin plate.

It is easy to see that the selected connection types give way without hindrance to possible expansion of the material of the outer skin panels due to, for example, heat.

According to the invention, the roof skin is also formed from individual roof skin panels. The car body structure in the area of the roof should consist of profile strips or metal sheets adjoining the upper flange, which may be reinforced by a roof bow. Support webs, profile flags or support strips protrude from both the top flange and the profile strips, which the roof skin panels have at a certain distance from the body structure so that insulation material can be stored in between. The outer skin of the roof skin panels inclined towards the top chord should have a bent strip, which is inserted into a slot formed on the gutter profile, similar to the holders described above. Subsequently, each adjacent roof skin panels are connected via a hat profile that sits on top of them. This sits, for example, with legs of a roof skin panel and overlaps a bent part of the roof skin panels. It intervenes in the space between two roof cladding panels with two clips, which hold a plastic sleeve with an inserted metal sleeve between them. In the latter, a screw can again be inserted, which is guided from the inside of the car through a rail connecting two profile strips of the car body structure. Here, the rail should have a channel, if possible, which receives the head of the screw and secures it against rotation.

For the rest, according to the invention, the channels formed by the legs and the clips are filled with an insulation material, in each of which the bent parts of the roof skin panels are inserted.

A hat profile arranged in this way enables a very simple assembly or replacement of roof skin panels. On the other hand, it allows the roof membrane to expand due to the effects of temperature. According to the invention it is also provided that the hat profile holds the roof skin panels with a simple cover strip.

Fresh air ducts and heating elements are provided in the wall towards the interior of the car. The latter can also be arranged in particular in the roof skin, which create a cozy feeling at low temperatures.

The profiles of the car body structure should preferably be stiffened by webs which are inclined at an angle to a profile wall. This improves the ability to push.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts durch eine Hälfte eine Wagenkastenaufbaus;
• Fig. 2 einen vergrösserten Querschnitt durch ein Detail im Bereich eines Einstiegs in den Wagenkastenaufbau;
• Fig. 3 einen vergrösserten Querschnitt eines Ausschnittes aus einer Seitenwand des Wagenkastenaufbaus;
• Fig. 4 einen vergrösserten Querschnitt eines Ausschnittes aus einem Uebergang von Seitenwand zur Dachhaut des Wagenkastenaufbaus;
• Fig. 5 einen vergrösserten Querschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt aus einem Teil der Dachhaut des Wagenkastenaufbaus;
• Fig. 6 einen vergösserten Querschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt aus einem Teil der Dachhaut des Wagenkastenaufbaus in einer anderen Ausführungsform als Fig. 5;
• Fig. 7 einen vergrössert dargestellten Ausschnitt aus einem Wagenkastenaufbau.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in:

• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a cross section through half a body structure.
• 2 shows an enlarged cross section through a detail in the area of an entry into the body structure;
• 3 shows an enlarged cross section of a detail from a side wall of the body structure;
• 4 shows an enlarged cross section of a section from a transition from the side wall to the roof skin of the body structure;
• 5 shows an enlarged cross section through a section from part of the roof skin of the body structure;
• Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross section through a section of part of the roof skin of the Body structure in a different embodiment than Fig. 5;
• Fig. 7 shows an enlarged section of a car body.

1 is essentially formed by a floor 1, side walls 2, roof 3 and — not shown — end and rear walls. The walls and the roof 3 are formed from profiles and / or sheets, some of which have different shapes, which together form a car body structure. For example, for the side walls 2 according to FIG. 3, hollow profiles 4 are provided as fresh air channels and full profiles 6 reinforced by webs 5, while in FIG. 4 an upper flange 7 from a hollow profile provides the transition to the full shown in FIG. 5 with T-shaped support webs 8 represents profile strip 9. Both the support webs 8 and, if appropriate, the webs 5 preferably form an angle w between them and a profile wall 75, as shown in FIG. 7 only as an example. The floor 1, on the other hand, consists of a floor plate 11 provided with a covering 10, which is supported laterally by a lower flange profile 12 according to FIG. 2.

An outer and structural plane 14 formed by individual profiles is provided within the car body structure, which is covered with insulation material 15 and is enclosed overall by an outer skin 16. The insulation material 15 and the outer skin 16 are interrupted only in the area of window and door openings (not shown in more detail). This outer skin 16 consists of steel or aluminum sheet, but preferably of individual aluminum-plastic composite panels. These are held at predetermined intervals by spacers 17 or support webs 8 from the structural plane 14. They are connected to one another via plastic strips 18 and to the car body structure via holders 19 fixed thereon with the interposition of insulation strips 20.

According to FIG. 2, a simple embodiment of a spacer 17a consists of a C-shaped profile strip which is loosely suspended in a groove 21c of part of the car body structure, in this case a running board profile 22. The loose anchoring of the spacer 17 a enables the outer skin plate 16a to be fixed during assembly on the one hand via the plastic strip 18 on a nose 23 of the running board profile 22, and on the other hand can be inserted into a holder 19a designed as a barbed toothing 24 with a groove profile 25, the latter pivoted under the lower flange 12 and fixed to it after inserting the insulation strip 20a. The plastic profile 18 has a groove channel 27 for receiving the nose 23, while it overlaps a bent strip 28 of the outer skin plate 16a with a hook-like bent clip strip 29 and is supported with a foot 30 against this strip 28. The running board profile 22 is in turn connected to the lower flange profile 12 via a screw bolt 32 and a clamping piece 34 engaging in an undercut groove 33 in the lower flange profile 12 with the interposition of an insulation lug 35.

In the area of the side walls 3 according to FIG. 3, different embodiments of spacers 17 for the outer skin panels 16 may be necessary to determine their distance d, d ₁ from the structural plane 14 formed by the profiles 4 and 6. For example, the C-shaped holder 17a, which is described in more detail above, is fixed on the outer skin plate 16b near the cranked strip 28 by an adhesive. For the purpose of loose anchoring, this time it engages in a groove 21a, which is part of a profile 38 welded to the structural plane 14. A holder 17b, which is described below for the outer skin plate 16c, serves to fix the outer skin plate 16b at the other end of the holder 17a. This holder 17b consists of an S-shaped profile strip and is fixed on the one hand to the outer skin plate 16c. On the other hand, a screw 39 penetrates it, which engages in a metal sleeve 40, which in turn is received by a plastic sleeve 41 for the purpose of insulation. A profile chamber 42, which is part of the profile 38, claws into this plastic sleeve 41. The connection of the two outer skin panels 16c and 16b takes place via a further rubber or plastic strip 18 described above. The assembly of the car body R in the region of the side walls 2 is thus extremely simplified. After the car body structure has been produced from the profiles 4 and 6, the profile 38 is welded to the outer structural level 14 and covered with the insulation layer 15. Now the uppermost outer skin plate 16 can be hooked into the groove 21 with the holder 17a and fastened to the next lower profile 38 with the holder 17b. The plastic strip 18 is placed thereon and the next outer skin plate 16 is suspended in the groove 21 and fixed to the next lower profile 38 with the holder 17b. The entire outer skin for the side walls 2 is thus formed in a simple manner.

According to FIG. 4, the transition from side wall 2 to roof 3 forms an upper flange 7, made from a profile. This is covered with a rain gutter profile 45 with the interim storage of an insulation layer 44. At the bottom, the gutter profile 45 is formed into a groove 21b, in which the above-described holder 17a engages, on which the first outer skin plate 16 hangs. It is connected via the plastic strip 18 to a strip 46, molded onto the actual rain gutter 47.

Above the gutter 47, the gutter profile 45 forms a slot 50 with internal teeth 51, into which a bent part of a roof skin plate 52 is inserted, by means of two profile strips 48 and 49 arranged in parallel and projecting from it. This roof skin plate 52 is on a profile flag 53 on an upper profile strip 49 and one on the inner rain profile molded support strip 54 held at a distance from the upper flange 7 so that insulation material can be stored. In the further course, the roof skin plate 52 also spans the profile strips 9 or support webs 8 projecting therefrom — only indicated in FIG. 4 — which may be underpinned by roof bow 55.

The connection of individual roof skin panels 52a and 52b and their attachment to the profile strip 9 is shown in FIG. 5. Two profile strips 9 are welded together from the inside of the car with the interposition of a rail 57. This rail 57 has a channel 58 for receiving a screw 59. The latter passes through a metal sleeve 60, which is encased in an insulating manner by a plastic sleeve 61. Clamps 62, which are parts of a hat profile 63, claw into the plastic sleeve 61. This sits on both sides of legs 64, a roof skin plate 52a or 52b. The legs 64 and the brackets 62 form a groove 65 between them, which is filled with insulation material 66, in each of which a bent part 67 of the roof skin panels 52a and 52b, which projects upward at a right angle, is inserted. The insulation material 15 is arranged between the roof skin panels 52a and 52b and between the individual support webs 8, wherein the support webs 8 themselves can also be covered with insulation toward the roof skin panels 52a, 52b.

A further embodiment of the connection of individual roof skin panels 52c and 52d and their attachment to profile strips 9a is shown in FIG. 6. Two profile strips 9a are welded together from the inside of the car with the interposition of a rail 57a. This rail 57a has a bore 71 for receiving a screw (not shown). The latter passes through a metal sleeve 60a, which is encased in an insulating manner by a plastic sleeve 61. Clamps 62a, which are parts of a hat profile 63a, claw into the plastic sleeve 61a. This overlaps with a cover strip 72 the roof skin plate 52c or 52d, which clasp the profile strips 9a with a bent claw 73. An insulating strip 74 is embedded between claws 73 and profile strips 9a on the one hand and claws 73 and cover strips 72 on the other hand.

Between the outer structural level 14 and the interior of the car, the hollow profiles denoted by 4 are formed as fresh air ducts, in particular in the region of window openings, according to FIG. 3. Vertically placed posts 6a and the full profile 6 adjoin them, which are also filled with insulation material 15. The full profiles 6 take heating elements 69 which are still held by clamps 68 and which are covered by an aluminum foil 70.

Claims (12)

1. Coach bodywork, especially for railway coaches for carrying passengers, consisting of floor, side and end walls and a roof, the side and end walls and the roof forming a coach box structure and the side and upper coach box structure (2, 3) forming an outer surface plane (14) of the structure for the coach bodywork (R), which surface plane (14) of the structure is covered by an external skin and a roof skin (16, 52), the external skin and roof skin (16, 52) being held at a distance from the surface plane (14) of the structure by means of distance pieces (17) and insulation material (15) being located between the external skin/roof skin (16, 52) and the surface plane (14) of the structure, characterized in that the external skin (16) and the roof skin consist of individual panels of aluminium or sheet steel, preferably of an aluminium/plastic composite material, the external skin panels (16) having a bent strip (28) near the distance pieces (17), which bent strips (28) are enclosed by clamp strips (29) of a rubber or plastic strip (18), in which is formed a groove channel (27) for accepting the next external skin panel (16) or a heel (23) or strip (46) of a profiled section (22 or 45), and the external skin (16) is interrupted in the region of window and door openings.

2. Coach bodywork according to Claim 1, characterized in that the external skin panels (16) are accepted, on the one hand, loosely by means of distance pieces (17a) engaging in grooves (21) of a profiled section (22, 38, 45) fixed to the coach box structure or outer surface plane (14) of the structure and, on the other hand, releasably by means of distance pieces (17b) connected to the surface plane (14) of the structure or by holders (19a, b) fastened to profiled sections (4, 6, 12) of the coach box structure with insulation (20a, b) placed in between and preferably a gutter profiled section (25) provided with barb-type teeth (24), the distance pieces (17a and 17b) being fastened to the external skin panels (16) and the distance piece (17b) consisting of an S-shaped profiled section which is supported at one end against the external skin panel (16c) and makes a releasable connection with the profiled section (38) at the other end.

3. Coach bodywork according to Claim 2, characterized in that the profiled section (38) has a profiled section clamp (42) which holds a plastic bush (41) through which passes a metal bush (40) with an internal thread for accepting a bolt (39), which also passes through the distance piece (17b) of an external skin panel (16c), a further profiled section part having the groove (21a) for accepting the distance piece (17a) of a following external skin panel (16b) protruding from the profiled section (38).

4. Coach bodywork according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, in the region of the window and door openings, the holders (19b) are connected to hollow or solid profiled sections (4, 6) of the coach box structure with insulation strips placed between them and simultaneously form the window or door frame.

5. Coach bodywork according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the uppermost external skin panel (16) with its distance piece (17a) is inserted in a groove (21b) formed from the rain gutter profiled section (45) and is partially fixed by means of the distance pieces (17b) to the profiled sections (38) but is, however, inserted in holders (19b) in the region of window or door openings, and that the following external skin panels (16c and 16b) are each hooked into the grooves (21a) of the profiled section (38) for the previous external skin panel but that the lowest external skin panel engages either in grooves (21a) of the profiled section (38) or, in the region of a door opening, in a groove (21c) of the footboard profiled section (22) by means of the distance piece (17a) and is inserted at the other end in the holder (19a) which engages under the sole bar profiled section (12).

6. Coach bodywork according to Claim 1, characterized in that the roof skin panels (52) are held by means of profiled section flanges (52) and support strips (54) formed on the rain gutter profiled section (44) and support webs (8) formed on the profiled section strips (9) at a distance from the outer surface plane (14) of the structure formed by parts of a cant rail (7) and the profiled section strips (9), insulation material (15) being inserted in the hollow spaces.

7. Coach bodywork according to Claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the external roof skin panels (52) engage by means of a bent part in a slot (50) with internal teeth (51) formed by two profiled section strips (48, 49) of the rain gutter profiled section (45) and that in each case two adjacent roof skin panels (52a and 52b) are connected by means of a top-hat section (63, 63a) placed over them.

8. Coach bodywork according to Claim 7, characterized in that each arm (64) of the top-hat section (63) is seated on a roof skin panel (52a or 52b), the top-hat section (63) overlapping, in gutters (65) preferably filled with an insulation material (66), a bent-up part (67) of the roof skin panels (52a or 52b) and engaging by means of clamps (62) in the intermediate space between two roof skin panels (52a, 52b), which clamps (62) clamp around a plastic bush (61) with an inserted metal bush (60), it being possible to insert in the latter a bolt (59) which passes, from the inside of the carriage, through a rail (57) connecting two profiled section strips (9).

9. Coach bodywork according to Claim 7, characterized in that the top-hat section (63a) overlaps two adjacent roof skin panels (52c, 52d) by means of a cover strip (72) and is fastened to a rail (71) connecting the two profiled section strips (9a) by means of clamps (62a) engaging in a plastic bush (61 a), by means of a metal bush (60a) and by means of a bolt from the inside of the carriage, an insulating strip (74) being located between the cover strip (72) and the roof skin panels (52c, 52d), on the one hand, and between the roof sskin panel (52c, 52d) and the profiled section strip (9a) on the other hand.

10. Coach bodywork according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a heating system of tubular or flat heating elements (69) is located in the coach box structure, which heating system is preferably covered by an aluminium foil in the direction of the insulating material (15), and that the hollow profiled section (4) acts as a fresh air duct.

11. Coach bodywork according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the profiled sections (6) and profiled section strips (9) have support webs (8) or webs (5) which are arranged inclined at an angle (w) to a profile wall (75).

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