EP0146421B1 - Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist - Google Patents

Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0146421B1
EP0146421B1 EP84402036A EP84402036A EP0146421B1 EP 0146421 B1 EP0146421 B1 EP 0146421B1 EP 84402036 A EP84402036 A EP 84402036A EP 84402036 A EP84402036 A EP 84402036A EP 0146421 B1 EP0146421 B1 EP 0146421B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
yokes
permanent magnet
electromagnet
axis
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84402036A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0146421A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Koehler
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Telemecanique SA
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Telemecanique Electrique SA
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Publication of EP0146421A1 publication Critical patent/EP0146421A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H01H2051/2218—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature having at least one movable permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnet comprising yokes and a frame comprising a permanent magnet provided, on its polar faces, with pole pieces projecting from the axis of the magnet, the relative movement of the armature relative to the yokes having a direction perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet of the armature.
  • French Patent 2,466,844 to the Applicant describes an electromagnet modified with respect to that described in French Patent 2,358,006 in the sense that the armature is placed in the coil.
  • French patents 2,520,152 and European patent 0 086 121 of the Applicant describe electromagnets perfected compared to that described in French patent 2 466 844 to allow the electromagnet to operate in a monostable manner, possibly by permuting the mobile and fixed parts.
  • the electromagnet described in French Patent 2,388,386 also includes two coils located one next to the other, the four ends of which are connected in pairs by two armatures. These frames are movable in translation along the axis of the magnet.
  • the electromagnet described in French patent 2520152 has the drawback of generating flow losses through the leakage flow between the armature and the cylinder head. These flux losses can be demonstrated by means of a spectrum obtained by CAD. when the electromagnet is energized and is at the start of movement.
  • the mass of the armature can give the electromagnet insufficient resistance to shocks and due to the inertia, a long operating time, especially when the electromagnet is used to control the opening a short-circuit current limiting circuit breaker.
  • the coils of these electromagnets are not easily removable to allow maintenance or change of nominal voltage of the electromagnet.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known electromagnets.
  • the electromagnet targeted by the invention comprises yokes, an armature and a coil surrounding part of the magnetic circuit, the yokes being movable relative to said armature and the latter comprising a permanent magnet provided on its two polar faces with two pole pieces arranged perpendicular to the main axis of the permanent magnet and projecting from this axis, the ends at least of one of said pole pieces being arched and directed towards the other pole piece so as to create two air gaps between said pole pieces, the ends of the cylinder heads being introduced into said air gaps so that each of these air gaps is divided into two air gaps, the magnetic forces in each pair of aforementioned air gaps being oriented against and perpendicular to the main axis from the permanent magnet.
  • this electromagnet is characterized in that it comprises a second armature provided with a permanent magnet, the second armature being of identical shape to the first and the armatures being arranged in parallel, in that each cylinder head is introduced into the air gaps, one of which is disposed near a frame and the other near another, and in that the above-mentioned cylinder heads are arranged one opposite the other of so that the armatures and cylinder heads form a magnetic circuit in series.
  • This arrangement allows direct and short connections between the air gap zones facing each other which considerably limit the magnetic flux of leakage.
  • the bistable operating electromagnet comprises fixed cylinder heads 11,12, a movable assembly comprising a frame 1a, of section substantially in the shape of an H, mobile relative to the cylinder heads 11, 12 and a coil 5 surrounding part of the magnetic circuit.
  • the frame 1a comprises a permanent magnet 2a, provided on its two polar faces with two pole pieces 3a, 4a, which project on either side of the axis of the magnet 2a.
  • One 4a of the pole pieces has its ends arched relative to the axis of the magnet 2a, to define with the other pole piece 3a, two airgap zones into which the ends 13a, 14a of the yokes 11 penetrate, 12.
  • each air gap zone comprises two air gaps generating opposing forces F 1a , F 2a , in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet 2a.
  • the mobile assembly also includes a second frame 1b made up of homologous elements 2b, 3b, 4b.
  • This frame 1b has the same shape as the first 1a and is arranged parallel and facing the first.
  • the ends 13a. 13b; 14a, 14b of the two yokes 11, 12 join the airgap zones of the two frames 1a, 1b located opposite one another.
  • the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet consists of a succession of armature and yoke forming a rectangle.
  • a second coil 8 is arranged parallel to the first coil 5.
  • the coils 5. 8 are arranged respectively around the yokes 11.12 which form two opposite sides of the above rectangle defined by the magnetic circuit.
  • these coils 5, 8 each have a plastic carcass 6, 9 which can be molded around the yokes 11, 12 which act as a core for the corresponding coil 5. 8.
  • the path of the flux in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet is represented by arrows in solid line when the coils 5 and 8 are excited in the direction H, and conversely by arrows in dotted line when the coils are excited in the direction H 2 .
  • the path of the magnetic flux which follows the outline of a rectangle or a square is close to the ideal path generated in a torus. This path is traveled in one direction or the other depending on the direction of the excitation H 1 or H 2 .
  • the magnetic potentials in the coils and permanent magnets have a regular distribution along the path of the flux.
  • the structure of the element of the electromagnet allows precise positioning by means of the plates 15a, 15b of the yokes 11, 12 which constitute planar cores for the coils 5, 8. These plates 15a, 15b can be used as a means of fixing the electromagnet.
  • the width of the pole pieces 3a, 3b at the air gaps could be greater than that shown so as to increase the surface of these air gaps.
  • the ends of the pole pieces 3a, 3b could be arched like the ends of the pole pieces 4a, 4b.
  • the structure of the electromagnet allows easy disassembly of the coils 5, 8 and facilitates the coupling of the coils 5. 8 in parallel or in series in order to reduce current consumption.
  • the electromagnet comprises, as in the case of FIG. 1, two fixed plates 21a, 21b of section substantially in H arranged parallel and facing each other.
  • two movable yokes 31 and 32a, 32b join the airgap zones located opposite one another so that the magnetic circuit is constituted by a succession of armature and yoke forming a rectangle.
  • each frame 21a, 21b consists of two pole pieces 23a, 24a; 23b, 24b projecting on either side of a permanent magnet 22a, 22b.
  • the pole piece 24a, 24b has two ends bent at right angles which define with the other pole piece 23a, 23b two airgap zones into which the opposite ends 33a, 33b penetrate; 34a, 34b of the cylinder heads 31; 32a, 32b.
  • the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2 differs mainly from that of FIG. 1 in that the coils 25 and 28 are placed around the assembly of each armature 21a, 21b, as for patent FR 2 466 844.
  • one of the magnetic yokes is composed of two elements 32a, 32b between which a permanent magnet 36 of small thickness is interposed.
  • the end 34b of the element 32b is arched in the manner of a bayonet so that it can be located in the extension of the element 32a which is entirely planar. This end 34b as well as the opposite end 34a of the planar element 32a penetrate into the lower airgap zones of the reinforcements 21a and 21b.
  • the operation of the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2 is similar to that of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the permanent magnet 36 reinforces the magnetic flux passing in the direction of the arrows shown in solid lines and which causes the displacement of the yokes in the direction F, and counteracts the magnetic flux passing in the opposite direction (arrows in dotted lines which tend move the cylinder heads in direction F 2 ).
  • the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2 has a monostable operation, the rest position corresponding to the displacement of the yokes in the direction F, and the working position corresponding to the displacement in the direction F 2 .
  • a permanent magnet identical to the magnet 36 could be symmetrically interposed in the yoke 31 broken down into two elements like the yoke 32a, 32b.
  • This guide plate 37 can be connected to an external device (not shown) to which the overall movement of the cylinder heads can be transmitted, the armatures 21a, 21b and the coils 25, 28 being in this case fixed.
  • the plate 37 can for example be made of brass, sliding in slots 38a. 38b formed between the adjacent edges of the plastic carcasses 26, 29 of the coils 25 and 28.
  • This plate 37 can be crimped into a hole in the cylinder head 31, or have a notch enclosing the assembly formed by the cylinder head elements 32a, 32b and the permanent magnet 36.
  • the plate 37 can be replaced by two columns extending on either side of the coils 25 and 28.
  • the cylinder heads 31, 32a, 32b which are mobile have a low inertia with respect to the two armatures 21a, 21b which are fixed, which is advantageous for the speed of operation of the electro magnet.
  • This inertia could be further reduced, by reducing the length of the cylinder head 31 and by arching the ends of the pole pieces 23a, 23b towards each other, which at the same time would increase the airgap surfaces.
  • the carcasses 26 and 29 of the coils 25 and 28 could then be easily overmolded on the frames 21a, 21b, under conditions making it possible to precisely position the airgap surfaces.
  • the overall height in the direction of movement of the electromagnet shown in Figure 2 is small since the coils 25 and 28 are placed opposite one another parallel to this movement.
  • the guide means allow a slight false parallelism of the cylinder heads. A complete closure of the air gaps is thus obtained even in the case where the positioning of the pole pieces is not rigorous.
  • FIG. 3 the marks of which are identical to those of FIG. 2 after adding 20, the armature 41a has been rotated by 90 ° along its axis and the cut has been made at the level of the pole piece 43a.
  • the frame 41b is unchanged, but its coil has been removed.
  • an armature 41 symmetrical with 41 with respect to 41a has been added.
  • the coil of 41c is also deleted.
  • the means for guiding the two cylinder heads 51 and 52 have not been shown.
  • the circulation of the flow is represented as above according to the field H l -H 2 of the coil 45.
  • sections represented in 41b and 41c come from a single curved reinforcement in an arc of a circle concentric with the reinforcement 41a with a rubber magnet 42 magnetic.
  • Figure 4 shows such an arrangement. after adding 20 to the previous homologous benchmarks.
  • the frame 61b is curved over 360 ° so as to form a pot-shaped electromagnet.
  • the central frame 61a also has a cylindrical shape and is constituted by a solid cylindrical pole piece 64a provided at its two ends with openings playing the role of the ends arched at right angles.
  • the pole piece 64a is surrounded by an annular magnet 62a radially magnetized, itself surrounded by a hollow cylindrical pole piece 63a.
  • the thicknesses of the pole pieces can decrease as one moves away from the axis of the pot.
  • the yokes 71 and 72 are joined together and guided by elements 77 transmitting the movement of the electromagnet. They have an annular shape.
  • the coils 85 and 88 are curved in concentric arcs of a circle at the center of the electromagnet, the permanent magnets 82a and 82b having a radial magnetization whose axis of symmetry or main axis is always perpendicular to the displacement F l -F 2 .
  • the ends of the pole pieces 84a and 84b are no longer bent at right angles but the curve of these pieces, as well as that of the pieces 83a, 83b; 91 and 92 also makes it possible to have parallel forces for the different airgap zones. This arrangement requires more expensive tools than for the previous cases, but it makes it possible to have a circular flow path, therefore having a shorter length than for a rectangular or square path.
  • the permanent magnets are even closer to the air gaps.
  • FIG. 4 can also be transformed so that, on each side of the axis of the coil, the path of the flux in the plane of the figure is circular, with a common central part. There is thus a horizontal eight-shaped path, which due to the symmetry along the axis of the coil, gives a volume in the form of a torus whose interior is occupied by the coil. We thus arrive at a structure minimizing the paths of the flux in iron and of the current in copper.
  • the cylinder head 32a, 32b of FIG. 2 could have wings bent at 90 °, the magnet 36 being in this case disposed between these wings, so that the positioning of the air gaps does not depend on the thickness of the magnet 36 and the bending of the element 32b.
  • the air gaps described in the above examples are of the constant surface and distance between variable surfaces type. Without departing from the scope of the invention, it would be possible to obtain an air gap with variable surface with a constant distance between surfaces, for example in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 by leveling the end 13a of the cylinder head 11 a slightly below the level of the guide plate 15a and by bringing the corresponding ends of the pole pieces 3a and 4a. Such air gaps are however less effective than those described taking into account friction and the risks of incomplete closure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Elektromagnet mit Jochen (11, 12 ; 31, 32a). einem Anker (1a. 21a) und einer Spule (5, 25), die einen Teil des Magnetkreises umgibt, wobei die Joche bezüglich dem Anker (1a. 21a) beweglich sind und der Anker einen Permanentmagneten (2a, 22a) enthält, der auf seinen beiden Polseiten mit zwei Polstücken (3a, 4a ; 23a, 24a) ausgestattet ist, die senkrecht zur Hauptachse des Permanentmagneten angebracht sind und gegenüber dieser Achse vorstehen, wobei die Enden mindestens eines (4a, 24a) dieser Polstücke gewölbt und zum anderen Polstück (3a, 23a) so gerichtet sind, daß zwei Luftspalte zwischen den Polstücken erzeugt werden, wobei die Enden der Joche (11, 12; 31, 32a) in diese Luftspalte so hineingeführt sind, daß jeder dieser Luftspalte in zwei Luftspalte unterteilt wird, wobei die Magnetkräfte in jedem der vorher genannten Luftspaltpaare gegen die und senkrecht zur Hauptachse des Permanentmagneten (2a, 22a) gerichtet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektromagnet einen zweiten Anker (1b, 21 b) mit einem Permanentmagneten (2b. 22b) enthält, wobei der zweite Anker die gleiche Form wie der erste hat und die beiden Anker parallel angeordnet sind, daß jedes Joch in die Luftspalte eingeführt ist, von denen sich der eine nahe dem einen Anker und der andere nahe dem anderen befindet, und daß die vorher genannten Joche gegenüberliegend so angeordnet sind, daß die Anker und die Joche in Reihe einen Magnetkreis bilden.
2. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine zusätzliche Spule (8. 28) enthält, deren Achse parallel zur ersten Spule (5, 25) ist.
3. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spulen (25, 28) um die Anker (21a. 21 b) angebracht sind.
4. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eines der Joche aus zwei Teilen (32a, 32b) besteht und daß ein Permanentmagnet zwischen die beiden Enden (34a, 34b) dieser beiden Teile so eingeschoben ist, daß eine monostabile Funktionsweise erreicht wird.
5. Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Führungsmittel (37) an den Jochen (31a, 32a, 32b) befestigt und unabhängig von den Ankern (21a, 21b) und den Spulen (25, 28) angebracht ist. wobei dieses Führungsmittel mit einer äußeren Vorrichtung verbunden ist, der die Bewegung der Joche übertragen wird.
6. Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spulenkörper (26. 29) der Spulen (25, 28) jeweils auf den Ankern (21a. 21 b) aus Plasikmaterial aufgeformt sind.
7. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen dritten, zentralen Anker (41a) enthält. wobei die beiden ersten Anker (41b, 41c) symmetrisch zur Mittelachse dieses Ankers (41a) angeordnet sind und der Magnetkreis aus zwei Rechtecken mit einer gemeinsamen Seite (41a) gebildet wird.
8. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zentrale Anker (41a) mit einer Spule (45) versehen ist.
9. Elektromagnet mit Jochen (71, 72), einem Anker (61a) und einer Spule (65), die einen Teil des Magnetkreises umgibt, wobei die Joche bezüglich des Ankers (61a) beweglich sind und dieser einen Permanentmagneten (62a) enthält, der auf seinen beiden Polseiten mit zwei Polstücken (63a, 64a) versehen ist, die senkrecht zur Hauptachse des Permanentmagneten angebracht sind und bezüglich dieser Achse vorstehen, wobei die Enden dieser Polstücke zwischen den Polstücken zwei Luftspalte festlegen, wobei die Enden der Joche (71, 72) in die Luftspalte so eingeführt sind, daß jeder Luftspalt in zwei Luftspalte unterteilt wird, wobei die Magnetkräfte in jedem Luftspaltpaar gegen die und senkrecht zur Hauptachse des Permanentmagneten (62a) gerichtet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen zweiten mit einem Permanentmagneten (62b) versehenen Anker (61 b) enthält, daß der zweite Anker (61b) als zum Mittelanker (61a) konzentrischer Kreisbogen geformt ist, daß die Magnetachse dieses zweiten Ankers zum Mittelanker (61a) hin gerichtet ist, daß nur dieser erste Anker (61a) von zylindrischer Form mit einer Spule (65) ausgestattet ist, so daß ein topfförmiger Elektromagnet gebildet wird, daß jedes Joch in die Luftspalte eingeführt ist, von denen sich der eine nahe dem einen Anker und der andere nahe dem anderen befindet, und daß die vorher genannten Joche so gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, daß die Anker und die Joche in Reihe einen Magnetkreis bilden.
10. Elektromagnet mit Jochen (91, 92), einem Anker (81a) und einer Spule (85), die einen Teil des Magnetkreises umgibt, wobei die Joche bezüglich dem Anker (81a) beweglich sind und dieser einen Permanentmagneten (82a) enthält, der auf seinen beiden Polseiten mit zwei Polstücken (83a, 84a) versehen ist, die senkrecht zur Hauptachse des Permanentmagneten angeordnet sind und gegenüber dieser Achse vorstehen, wobei die Enden der Polstücke zwei Luftspalte zwischen den Polstücken festlegen, wobei die Enden der Joche (91, 92) in die Luftspalte so eingeführt sind, daß jeder dieser Luftspalte in zwei Luftspalte unterteilt wird, wobei die Magnetkräfte in jedem Luftspaltpaar senkrecht zur Hauptachse des Permanentmagneten (82a) und ihr entgegen gerichtet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen zweiten Anker (81 b) mit einem Permanentmagneten (82b) und einer Spule (88) enthält. daß die Spulen (85, 88) mit ihren Permanentmagneten (82a, 82b) und ihren Polstücken (83a, 84a, 83b, 84b) sowie die Joche (91, 92) als zur Hauptachse des Elektromagneten konzentrische Kreisbogen geformt sind, so daß ein kreisförmiger Flußweg erreicht wird, daß jedes Joch in die Luftspalte eingeführt ist, von denen sich der eine nahe dem einen Anker und der andere nahe dem anderen Anker befindet, und daß die vorher genannten Joche gegenüberliegend so angeordnet sind, daß die Anker und die Joche in Reihe einen Magnetkreis bilden.
EP84402036A 1983-11-16 1984-10-10 Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist Expired EP0146421B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8318184 1983-11-16
FR8318184A FR2554960B1 (fr) 1983-11-16 1983-11-16 Electro-aimant comprenant des culasses et une armature comportant un aimant permanent muni sur ses faces polaires, de pieces polaires debordant de l'axe de l'aimant, cet axe etant perpendiculaire a la direction du mouvement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0146421A1 EP0146421A1 (de) 1985-06-26
EP0146421B1 true EP0146421B1 (de) 1987-12-02

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EP84402036A Expired EP0146421B1 (de) 1983-11-16 1984-10-10 Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist

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US (1) US4604599A (de)
EP (1) EP0146421B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60123006A (de)
CA (1) CA1222540A (de)
DE (1) DE3467951D1 (de)
ES (1) ES292049Y (de)
FR (1) FR2554960B1 (de)
SU (1) SU1349706A3 (de)

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GB806455A (en) * 1956-10-23 1958-12-23 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Improvements relating to polarised electromagnetic devices
FR1332740A (fr) * 1962-06-08 1963-07-19 Rech Etudes Prod Circuit magnétique polarisé à déplacement rectiligne
FR1417292A (fr) * 1964-09-30 1965-11-12 Moteur électrique à circuit magnétique en pont
AT290657B (de) * 1967-09-26 1971-06-11 Villamos Berendezes Es Keszule Schaltvorrichtung
NL7012890A (de) * 1970-08-31 1972-03-02
FR2358006A1 (fr) * 1976-07-09 1978-02-03 Manuf Fse App Electr Dispositif formant electroaimant, tel que celui d'un relais
FR2388386A1 (fr) * 1977-04-18 1978-11-17 Francaise App Elect Mesure Circuit magnetique d'un electro-aimant comportant une armature munie d'un aimant permanent
JPS5636109A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-04-09 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Monostable type polar electromagnet
CH662671A5 (de) * 1981-04-30 1987-10-15 Sds Relais Ag Polarisiertes relais.
FR2520152B1 (fr) * 1982-01-20 1986-02-28 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant a equipage mobile a aimant permanent a fonctionnement monostable

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19509195B4 (de) * 1995-03-14 2004-07-22 Siemens Ag Gleichstrom-Magnetsystem mit Dauermagnetunterstützung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES292049Y (es) 1987-10-16
FR2554960A1 (fr) 1985-05-17
EP0146421A1 (de) 1985-06-26
US4604599A (en) 1986-08-05
DE3467951D1 (en) 1988-01-14
ES292049U (es) 1987-03-16
SU1349706A3 (ru) 1987-10-30
CA1222540A (en) 1987-06-02
FR2554960B1 (fr) 1987-06-26
JPS60123006A (ja) 1985-07-01
JPH0332898B2 (de) 1991-05-15

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