EP0140944A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtuing zur reinigung von verbrennungsgasen aus beispeilsweise haushaltsheizungen, verbrennungsmotoren oder dergl. feuerungen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtuing zur reinigung von verbrennungsgasen aus beispeilsweise haushaltsheizungen, verbrennungsmotoren oder dergl. feuerungen

Info

Publication number
EP0140944A1
EP0140944A1 EP84901752A EP84901752A EP0140944A1 EP 0140944 A1 EP0140944 A1 EP 0140944A1 EP 84901752 A EP84901752 A EP 84901752A EP 84901752 A EP84901752 A EP 84901752A EP 0140944 A1 EP0140944 A1 EP 0140944A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
pellets
combustion
gases
nitrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84901752A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zbigniew Boguslawski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0140944A1 publication Critical patent/EP0140944A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning combustion gases from, for example, domestic heating, internal combustion engines or the like. Firing of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide with the aid of a mass which chemically converts and binds the impurities.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for cleaning flue, combustion and process gases, with the help of which in particular the highly damaging sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and carbon monoxide impurities and nitrogen oxides can be separated and that not only an economical use permitted in large systems but also in very small systems and thus enables the exhaust gases from domestic heating systems, motor vehicles and similar small combustion systems to be cleaned under economic conditions.
  • the invention consists in that the combustion gas is passed through a pile of metal oxides as the active mass and, in the presence of nitrogen oxides, pellets containing high porosity, manganese dioxide (MnO2), and the impurities are separated from the metal oxides.
  • the invention provides a method by means of which the impurities contained in the combustion gases are brought into a form in which a binding to metal oxides or a detoxification of the pollutant is possible with the aid of a special cleaning compound (moxide), so that overall in a single process step the greatest possible exemption of the combustion gases from their harmful or toxic gaseous contaminants is achieved.
  • the brown stone serves or Temperature of the resulting gases either as a direct oxidant for the nitrogen oxides after the reversible dissociation reaction at over 500 ° C in the presence of oxygen in excess, the manganese dioxide merely acts as an "intermediate carrier" in the sense that the oxygen released is immediately taken up again from the combustion gas and the manganese dioxide is thus regenerated.
  • the manganese dioxide acts as a quasi-catalyst for providing a high oxygen concentration near the active centers of the active mass or as a "real" catalyst for accelerating the conversion and oxidation reaction.
  • the ratio of nitrogen monoxide is particularly increased
  • Nitrogen dioxide in the gas is adjusted to equimolar amounts by oxidizing a corresponding proportion of the nitrogen monoxide contained in the gas to nitrogen dioxide, so that the proportion of nitrogen oxide impurities in the combustion gas corresponds to the compound N203 in terms of mass chemistry and as a result a direct and complete chemical bond is also achieved with the nitrogen oxide contamination.
  • the high porosity of the moxid also causes a filter effect against the finest physical impurities, for example heavy metal oxides, such as lead oxide from motor vehicle exhaust.
  • Another major advantage of the method of the invention is that all essential impurities are detected in one process step, so that cleaning of combustion gases from small systems, such as domestic heating systems, motor vehicles or the like, is possible at a reasonably low cost.
  • the pellets contain
  • the pellets contain for cleaning in a low temperature of about 120 to 300 ° C. incurred combustion gases, for example the exhaust gases from household heating potassium chlorate and / or hydrogen peroxide in an amount between 3 and 8 wt .-%, advantageously between 4 and 5.5 wt-5 as an oxidizing agent.
  • the manganese dioxide contained in the moxide does not serve as an oxidizing agent but as a catalyst not involved in the reaction itself, while the potassium chlorate or. Hydrogen peroxide take over the function of the oxidizing agent.
  • the presence of the catalyst brings about a significant reduction in the temperature of the elimination of oxygen from the oxidizing agent, in particular the potassium chlorate, which prevents the formation of potentially explosive potassium perchlorate.
  • 1 part of manganese dioxide per 10 parts of potassium chlorate when treating gases with a temperature of less than 500 ° C and 1 part of manganese dioxide per 20 parts of potassium chlorate when treating gases above 120 ° C to about 300 ° C are advantageously used.
  • hydrogen peroxide its stability is furthermore advantageously improved by adding stabilizing agents, in particular barbituric or uric acid.
  • the nitrogen oxides can be neglected or disregarded in a large number of cases when cleaning the flue gases from household heating, in these cases it is sufficient to use the alternative of low-temperature cleaning even without the use of the oxidizing agents potassium chlorate and hydrogen peroxide, which Application of the procedure in the household area is considerably simplified.
  • the pellets contain the residues from combustion processes and metallurgical processing processes, such as slags, fly ash and / or fly dust, as active mass.
  • the active mass is expediently adjusted to a proportion of 15-40, preferably 25-35% by weight fly ash and a proportion of 3-8% by weight fine coal, based on the fly ash contained in the mass, the pellets expediently metal oxides in an amount between 15 and 65 wt.%, advantageously between 45 and 55 wt.% - thereof 5 to 15 wt.%, preferably 8 to 13, 5 wt.% iron (III) oxide with a proportion of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides of not more than 10% by weight, advantageously between 6 and 8% by weight.
  • Maintaining a low content of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides is particularly recommended in cases where there is a question of working up the mass loaded with pollutants in view of the high dissociation energy required to split off the acid residues from these metals compared to the metals of the higher groups of the periodic system.
  • the pelletized cleaning composition expediently has a specific catalytic surface of 5.0-28.5 m 2 , preferably 17.5-22.0 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.1-0.25 cm 3 / g with a pore diameter from 200 to 1000 A, which - high - porosity by adding sand the pellets sand with a grain size below 2 mm, preferably below 1 mm in an amount between 35 and 75% by weight, preferably between 45 and 60% by weight can be achieved.
  • the addition of cement in an amount between 5 and 10% by weight or kaolin in an amount between 3 and 5% by weight may also be necessary, in which case the pellets are expedient - in the case of the addition of cement - Dried at about 100 ° C, respectively. - in the case of kaolin addition - be annealed between 800 and 850 ° C.
  • the ratio of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide in the gas is advantageously adjusted to equimolar amounts by oxidizing a corresponding proportion of the nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide contained in the gas, so that the proportion of nitrogen oxide impurities in the combustion gas corresponds to the compound N203 in terms of mass chemistry and, as a result, results in a direct and complete chemical Binding of the nitrogen oxide impurities is also achieved.
  • the gases are advantageously adjusted to a water vapor content at the saturation limit before being introduced into the pellet mill, but at least to a proportion of 10% by volume when cleaning is carried out at a temperature above 120 ° C process, wherein the adjustment of the water vapor content is carried out by adding water and / or cooling the flue gas to a corresponding temperature.
  • the pelletized cleaning composition is expediently carried out in countercurrent to the combustion gas in the cases in which the cleaning of carbon gases with a high temperature of more than 500 ° C. is carried out, is discharged after the maximum temperature has been reached for the purpose of heat recovery and after it Cooling again introduced into the circulation in the cleaning process.
  • the flue gases are expediently drawn off in household furnaces with the aid of a fan, the fan output being controlled as a function of the exhaust gas temperature such that the fan output is reduced as the exhaust gas temperature falls and the output is increased as the temperature rises.
  • the inventive device for performing the method of the invention consists of a fireplace attachment. Chimney attachment with two chambers, one of which serves to receive the absorbent and the other as a deflection chamber for the flue gases and which are connected to one another by means of a sieve plate, the deflection chamber consisting of an annular duct and a distribution space into which the flue gases exit from the annular duct radial direction are guided, with deflection in the distribution room Sheets are provided through which the flue gas flow is directed to the sieve plate while reducing the flow cross section.
  • the chimney attachment schematically shown in the drawing for household or Small furnaces consist of the frame 1 with cleaning flaps 2, which encloses the inlet space 3 for the flue gas and contains a water tank 4, from which the flue gas is loaded with water as it flows through the inlet space.
  • the inlet space is connected to an annular deflection chamber 5, the inner wall 6 of which is provided with through-flow openings which connect the deflection chamber 5 to a distributor space 7.
  • the annular duct serving as a deflection chamber surrounds the distributor space in the same plane so that the flue gases are guided out of the annular duct in a radial direction, 7 deflection plates 9 being provided in the distributor space, through which the flue gas flow is directed to a sieve plate 10 while reducing the flow cross section.
  • Example 1 Example 1 :
  • the gases are saturated with water.
  • the flow of the flue gases is averaged as follows: 1 365 l / h.
  • Pellets with approximately the following composition are used as a cleaning compound for these gases containing nitrogen oxides, which is tailored to an annual requirement:
  • the cleaning mass is used in the form of partial masses, on the one hand an absorption mass made of sand, fly ash and binding agent and an oxidation mass made of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide, which as a preliminary product is pelletized separately with fine sand and binding agent.
  • the absorption mass in one for one Sufficient annual amount, the amount of oxidation used in a certain amount for a shorter period, for example a month (replaceable).
  • the oxidation mass (for a monthly requirement) consists of 1.22 kg of potassium chlorate, 0.13 kg of manganese dioxide, 1.7 kg of fine sand and 0.35 kg of binder (a total of 3.4 kg corresponding to 2.75 l).
  • cleaning or oxidation mass of the composition given above or alternatively oxidation mass consisting of 1 part manganese dioxide, 1 part uric and / or barbituric acid and 2 parts hydrogen peroxide (based on 100%) is used.
  • the solids are added during the roboticzation and the peroxide is applied by soaking.
  • Pure brown stone is used to clean gases with a temperature of over 500 ° C. If it is not necessary to remove nitrogen oxide, the use of oxidation mass can be dispensed with and replaced by the use of an appropriate amount of metal oxide mass.
  • the cleaning composition therefore contains 10% by weight of bound sulfur dioxide and approx. 4.5% by weight of bound NOx. Under certain circumstances, it can be worked up to sulfuric and nitric acid.
  • the flue gases contain 5-10 mg SO2 / Bm3 and 12 mg NOx / Bm3.
  • the cleaning is carried out according to the cleaning diagram shown below:
  • a passenger car with a fuel consumption of 10 kg / 100 km emits about 108.3 Nm 3 of exhaust gases with a temperature between 500 and 600 ° C and a composition of 17.8 Nm 3 of carbon oxide (thereof 4 - 6 vol.% CO), 18 , 0 Nm 3 water, 5.5 Nm 3 oxygen and 67.0 Nm 3 nitrogen free.
  • the nitrogen oxide content is 180 to 285 mg / Nm 3 and the nitrogen dioxide content is 150 - 355 mg / Nm 3 .
  • Pure manganese dioxide is used as an oxidizing agent for the nitrogen oxides due to the high exhaust gas temperatures to be assumed.
  • the cleaning composition has the following composition. Fine sand 5,500 g - 51.44% by weight
  • Binding agent 1 100 g - 10.2% by weight
  • the cleaning mass works 5,000 km. About 1.26 kg of nitrogen oxides and 1.37 kg of sulfur dioxide are bound during this time.
  • the resulting cleaning composition thus contains about 20% by weight of bound pollutants and can be worked up to sulfuric and nitric acid.
  • the cleaning is carried out according to the cleaning diagram shown below:
  • a coal-fired power plant emits 1,250,000 Nm3 / h of exhaust gases (flue gases) with 650 mg SO2 / Nm3 and 450 mg NOx / Nm3 as pollutants.
  • a total of 585 t SO2 and 405 t NOx are absorbed.
  • the quantitative composition of the cleaning composition is as follows:
  • the cleaning compound can be worked up to sulfuric and nitric acid.
  • the flue gases after cleaning contain approx. 12.5 mg SO2 / Bm3 and approx. 15.0 mg NOx / Bm3.
  • a coal refining plant with an output of 1000 t of coal per day produces around 100,000 Nm 3 / h of reaction gas, which after the slag separation still has a temperature of around 780 ° C.
  • the cleaning composition conducted in countercurrent to the reaction gas is discharged from the reaction zone at about 780 ° C. and cooled in an air stream.
  • the pellets are cooled down to a temperature of approx. 180 ° C.
  • the heat to be recovered is

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
EP84901752A 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Verfahren und vorrichtuing zur reinigung von verbrennungsgasen aus beispeilsweise haushaltsheizungen, verbrennungsmotoren oder dergl. feuerungen Withdrawn EP0140944A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833312890 DE3312890A1 (de) 1983-04-11 1983-04-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von verbrennungsgasen aus beispielsweise haushaltsheizungen, verbrennungsmotoren oder dergl. feuerungen
DE3312890 1983-04-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0140944A1 true EP0140944A1 (de) 1985-05-15

Family

ID=6195927

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84901752A Withdrawn EP0140944A1 (de) 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Verfahren und vorrichtuing zur reinigung von verbrennungsgasen aus beispeilsweise haushaltsheizungen, verbrennungsmotoren oder dergl. feuerungen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5000930A (it)
EP (1) EP0140944A1 (it)
JP (1) JPS60500999A (it)
AU (1) AU2503088A (it)
DE (1) DE3312890A1 (it)
IT (1) IT1180051B (it)
WO (1) WO1984004053A1 (it)

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DE3539436A1 (de) * 1985-09-26 1987-05-14 Hoelter Heinz Trockentechnische no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-abscheidung vorzugsweise fuer wirbelbett-feuerungsanlagen
DE3627429A1 (de) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-18 Boguslawski Zbigniew Verfahren zur herstellung von stickstoffdioxid-reichgas
DE4229445A1 (de) * 1992-09-03 1994-03-10 Schwarzer Rolf Thomas Dipl Ing Abgasreinigungsanlage mit Abgaswärmetauscher und Schlldämpfer
US20030049191A1 (en) * 1999-12-11 2003-03-13 Twigg Martyn Vincent Process for treating exhaust gas including sox
US6610263B2 (en) 2000-08-01 2003-08-26 Enviroscrub Technologies Corporation System and process for removal of pollutants from a gas stream
US6793903B1 (en) 2001-03-08 2004-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration High temperature decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
US7232782B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2007-06-19 Enviroscrub Technologies Corp. Regeneration, pretreatment and precipitation of oxides of manganese
US20030059460A1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-03-27 Yasuhiko Tabata Hybrid material for regeneration of living body tissue
JP2005518274A (ja) 2001-12-21 2005-06-23 エンバイロスクラブ テクノロジーズ コーポレイション マンガン酸化物の前処理および再生
AU2004207590A1 (en) 2003-01-28 2004-08-12 Enviroscrub Technologies Corporation Oxides of manganese processed in continuous flow reactors
US7488464B2 (en) 2003-07-31 2009-02-10 Enviroscrub Technologies Corporation Metal oxide processing methods and systems
CA2708154A1 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-11 Dresser-Rand Company Compressor system and method for gas liquefaction system
US7947240B2 (en) * 2008-10-08 2011-05-24 Expansion Energy, Llc System and method of carbon capture and sequestration
US8501125B2 (en) * 2008-10-08 2013-08-06 Expansion Energy, Llc System and method of carbon capture and sequestration, environmental remediation, and metals recovery
CN105688647A (zh) * 2016-03-16 2016-06-22 贵州大学 一种用低品位软锰矿对含汞烧结烟气干法脱硫脱汞的方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60500999A (ja) 1985-07-04
IT1180051B (it) 1987-09-23
DE3312890A1 (de) 1984-10-11
IT8467363A0 (it) 1984-04-11
AU2503088A (en) 1989-03-02
WO1984004053A1 (fr) 1984-10-25
IT8467363A1 (it) 1985-10-11
US5000930A (en) 1991-03-19

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